The discrepancy between social isolation and loneliness as a clinically meaningful metric: findings from the Irish and English longitudinal studies of ageing (TILDA and ELSA)
Open accessAbstract
Objective: Scant evidence is available on the discordance between loneliness and social isolation among older adults. We aimed to investigate this discordance and any health implications that it may have. Method: Using nationally representative datasets from ageing cohorts in Ireland (TILDA) and England (ELSA), we created a metric of discordance between loneliness and social isolation, to which we refer as Social Asymmetry . This metric was the categorised difference between standardised scores on a scale of loneliness and a scale of social isolation, giving categories of: Concordantly Lonely and Isolated, Discordant: Robust to Loneliness, or Discordant: Susceptible to Loneliness. We used regression and multilevel modelling to identify potential relationships between Social Asymmetry and cognitive outcomes. Results: Social Asymmetry predicted cognitive outcomes cross‐sectionally and at a two‐year follow‐up, such that Discordant: Robust to Loneliness individuals were superior performers, but we failed to find evidence for Social Asymmetry as a predictor of cognitive trajectory over time. Conclusions: We present a new metric and preliminary evidence of a relationship with clinical outcomes. Further research validating this metric in different populations, and evaluating its relationship with other outcomes, is warranted. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Self-citationRetracted
- Authors
- McHugh, J., Kenny, R., Lawlor, B., Steptoe, A., & Kee, F.
- Affiliations
- Queen's University Belfast (GB)
- Institute of Neuroscience Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- McHugh, JE
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 664-674
- ISSN
- 0885-6230 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1166
- OpenAlex
- W2417610451
- Semantic Scholar
- e20c93c748586075cede59365ed6835e3d1ddc6b
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 6.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.qub.ac.uk
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- NORMA (acceptedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Atlantic Philanthropies
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Keywords
- loneliness, social isolation, social asymmetry, older adults, cognitive function, cognitive decline, aging cohort, TILDA, English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Cognition, Cross-Sectional Studies, England, Female, Humans, Ireland, Loneliness, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Social Isolation
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