Structural brain magnetic resonance imaging of pediatric twins
Open accessAbstract
To explore the relative impact of genetic and nongenetics factors on human brain anatomy during childhood and adolescence development, a collaborative team from the Child Psychiatry Branch of the National Institute of Mental Health and Virginia Commonwealth University is applying structural equation modeling to brain morphometric data acquired via magnetic resonance imaging from a large sample of monozygotic and dizygotic pediatric subjects. In this report, we discuss methodologic issues related to pediatric neuroimaging twin studies and synthesize results to date from the project. Current sample size from the ongoing longitudinal study is approximately 150 twin pairs. Consistent themes are: (1) heritability is high and shared environmental effects low for most brain morphometric measures; (2) the cerebellum has a distinct heritability profile; (3) genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of the cortex in a regional and age specific manner; and (4) shared genetic effects account for more of the variance than structure specific effects. Understanding of influences on trajectories of brain development may shed light on the emergence of psychopathology during childhood and adolescence and ultimately may guide therapeutic interventions.
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The cerebellum is more dependent upon environmental factors than most other brain regions.
“In addition, harsh caregiving experiences have been shown to affect the maturation of the cerebellum (Bauer et al., 2009), a brain region that is more dependent upon environmental factors than most other brain regions (Giedd et al., 2007).”
From Oxytocin effects on complex brain networks are moderated by experiences of maternal love withdrawal (2013) · cites this paper as Giedd et al., 2007
The cerebellum is one of the least heritable brain structures and is more influenced by environmental factors during development than other brain regions.
“The cerebellum is one of the least heritable brain structures and is more influenced by environmental factors during development than other brain regions (Giedd et al., 2007).”
From Oxytocin effects on complex brain networks are moderated by experiences of maternal love withdrawal (2013) · cites this paper as Giedd et al., 2007
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- Authors
- Giedd, J. N., Schmitt, J. E., & Neale, M. C.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Venue
- Human Brain Mapping
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-04-16
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 474-481
- ISSN
- 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0193
- PMC
- PMC6871346
- OpenAlex
- W1972983071
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- brain development, heritability, monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, genetic and environmental factors, brain morphometry, cerebellum, cortical development, shared genetic effects, childhood and adolescence, pediatric neuroimaging
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Brain, Brain Mapping, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Biological, Pediatrics, Twins, Multivariate Analysis, Twin Studies as Topic, Imaging, Three-Dimensional
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