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Immune system inflammation in cocaine dependent individuals: implications for medications development.

Fox, Helen C., D'Sa, Carrol, Kimmerling, Anne, Siedlarz, Kristen M., Tuit, Keri L., Stowe, Raymond, Sinha, Rajita·2012·Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental
DOI 10.1002/hup.1251PMC PMC3674778
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Abstract

Objectives: Cocaine dependence is a chronic stress state. Furthermore, both stress and substance abuse have robust and reciprocal effects on immune system cytokines, which are known to be powerful modulators of mood. We therefore examine basal and provoked changes in peripheral cytokines in cocaine dependent individuals to better understand their role in the negative reinforcing effects of cocaine. Methods: Twenty‐eight (16 F/12 M) treatment‐seeking cocaine dependent individuals and 27 (14 F/13 M) social drinkers were exposed to three 5‐min guided imagery conditions (stress, drug cue, relaxing) presented randomly across consecutive days. Measures of salivary cortisol, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra) were collected at baseline and various post‐imagery time‐points. Results: Cocaine abusers demonstrated decreased basal IL‐10 compared with social drinkers. They also showed significant elevations in pro‐inflammatory TNFα when exposed to stress compared with when they were exposed to relaxing imagery. This was not observed in the social drinkers. Conversely, social drinkers demonstrated increases in the anti‐inflammatory markers, IL‐10 and IL‐1ra, following exposure to cue, which were not seen in the dependent individuals. Conclusions: Cocaine dependent individuals demonstrate an elevated inflammatory state both at baseline and following exposure to the stress imagery condition. Cytokines may reflect potentially novel biomarkers in addicted populations for treatment development. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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  • Cocaine is associated with increased immune reactivity and inflammation in humans and neuroinflammation in animal models.

    “Cocaine is a highly potent and addictive brain stimulant that is associated with increased immune reactivity and inflammation in humans (Fox et al., 2012; Ersche et al., 2014; Levandowski et al., 2016; Moreira et al., 2016; Pianca et al., 2017) and neuroinflammation in animal models (Guo et al., 2015; Periyasamy et al., 2017).”

    From Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Loaded With miR-124 Attenuate Cocaine-Mediated Activation of Microglia (2020) · cites this paper as Fox et al., 2012

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Authors
Fox, H. C., D'Sa, C., Kimmerling, A., Siedlarz, K. M., Tuit, K. L., Stowe, R., & Sinha, R.
Affiliations
  • The Connecticut Mental Health Center, Yale University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry New Haven USA
  • The Yale Stress Center, Yale University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry New Haven USA
  • Microgen Laboratories La Marque USA
Venue
Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2012-03
Volume
27
Issue
2
Pages
156-166
ISSN
  • 0885-6222
  • 1099-1077
DOI
10.1002/hup.1251
PMC
PMC3674778
Cited by
140
References
12
Language
en
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 4 d)

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