Periodontal disease, tooth loss and colorectal cancer risk: results from the Nurses’ Health Study
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Periodontal diseases including tooth loss might increase systemic inflammation, lead to immune dysregulation and alter gut microbiota, thereby possibly influencing colorectal carcinogenesis. Few epidemiological studies have examined the association between periodontal diseases and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. We collected information on the periodontal disease (defined as history of periodontal bone loss) and number of natural teeth in the Nurses' Health Study. A total of 77,443 women were followed since 1992. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) after adjustment for smoking and other known risk factors for CRC. We documented 1,165 incident CRC through 2010. Compared to women with 25-32 teeth, the multivariable HR (95% CI) for CRC for women with <17 teeth was 1.20 (1.04-1.39). With regard to tumor site, the HRs (95% CIs) for the same comparison were 1.23 (1.01-1.51) for proximal colon cancer, 1.03 (0.76-1.38) for distal colon cancer and 1.48 (1.07-2.05) for rectal cancer. In addition, compared to those without periodontal disease, HRs for CRC were 0.91 (95% CI 0.74-1.12) for periodontal disease, and 1.22 (95% CI 0.91-1.63) when limited to moderate to severe periodontal disease. The results were not modified by smoking status, body mass index or alcohol consumption. Women with fewer teeth, possibly moderate or severe periodontal disease, might be at a modest increased risk of developing CRC, suggesting a potential role of oral health in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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These findings support the reported association between periodontal disease and colorectal cancer risk.
“These findings support the reported association of periodontal disease with CRC risk.38, 56, 57”
From Influence of the Gut Microbiome, Diet, and Environment on Risk of Colorectal Cancer (2020) · cites this paper as [38]
Fecal microbiome studies using 16S rRNA or shotgun metagenomic sequencing found Fusobacterium nucleatum increased in fecal samples from colorectal cancer or adenoma patients compared with controls.
“studies of fecal microbiomes that used either 16s rRNA or shotgun metagenomic sequencing found that F nucleatum to be increased in fecal samples from patients with CRC or adenoma compared with controls (Table 1).15, 18, 35–39”
From Influence of the Gut Microbiome, Diet, and Environment on Risk of Colorectal Cancer (2020) · cites this paper as [38]
Besides Fusobacterium, other oral bacteria and periodontal disease markers are enriched in colorectal tumors and feces, including Porphyromonas, Peptostreptococcus, and Parvimonas micra.
“Besides Fusobacterium, other oral bacteria and markers of periodontal disease are enriched in colorectal tumors and feces of patients, including the genera of Porphyromonas and Peptostreptococcus, and Parvimonas micra.15, 35, 37, 38, 53”
From Influence of the Gut Microbiome, Diet, and Environment on Risk of Colorectal Cancer (2020) · cites this paper as [38]
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- Authors
- Momen-Heravi, F., Babic, A., Tworoger, S. S., Zhang, L., Wu, K., Smith-Warner, S. A., Ogino, S., Chan, A. T., Meyerhardt, J., Giovannucci, E., Fuchs, C., Cho, E., Michaud, D. S., Stampfer, M. J., Yu, Y.-H., Kim, D., & Zhang, X.
- Affiliations
- Department of Epidemiology; Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston MA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- University of Massachusetts Boston (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Tufts University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Xuehong
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Cancer
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-11-23
- Volume
- 140
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 646-652
- ISSN
- 0020-7136 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5159274
- OpenAlex
- W2545023220
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 5
- FWCI
- 17.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Cancer (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5T32CA009001-38, K07 CA188126, K24 DK098311, P01CA87969, P50CA127003, R01 CA137178, R01CA151993, R03CA176717, R35 CA197735, UM1 CA186107)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Dental Health and Care Utilization
- Keywords
- periodontal disease, tooth loss, colorectal cancer risk, periodontal bone loss, oral health, colorectal carcinogenesis, colon cancer, rectal cancer, systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, gut microbiota, Nurses' Health Study
- MeSH terms
- Alcohol Drinking, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Periodontal Diseases, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Smoking, Colorectal Neoplasms, Proportional Hazards Models, Epidemiologic Studies, Tooth Loss
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