Cited by 1,072Sperm and Testicular FunctionReproductive biology and impacts on aquatic speciesMale Reproductive Health Studies

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Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay: Its Clinical Use for Detecting Sperm DNA Fragmentation in Male Infertility and Comparisons With Other Techniques

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EVENSON, DONALD P., LARSON, KJERSTEN L., JOST, LORNA K.·2002·Journal of Andrology

DOI 10.1002/j.1939-4640.2002.tb02599.x

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Abstract

The Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA) was first described in the December 5, 1980 issue of Science (Evenson et al, 1980a).The data described in that article showed a significant difference between proven fertile and subfertility or infertility in men and bulls and the susceptibility to denaturation of their sperm nuclear DNA.A subsequent study (Evenson et al, 1984) described SCSA data obtained from men with testicular cancer.The data were heterogeneous, and begged the question, what was SCSA measuring?Great effort has been spent over the past 15 years on animal model systems, mostly related to dose-response toxicology experiments and large animal fertility trials.The results from these studies showed that SCSA was highly dose-responsive to toxicants, highly repeatable, and provided meaningful biological information on sperm nuclear DNA defects.The extensive data from nonhumans (Evenson et al, 1985(Evenson et al, , 1986(Evenson et al, , 1989a(Evenson et al, ,b, 1993a(Evenson et al, ,b,c, 1994(Evenson et al, , 1995b;; Ballachey et

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Fertilization and pregnancy after assisted oocyte activation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in a case of round-headed sperm associated with deficient oocyte activation capacity
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Transient DNA Strand Breaks During Mouse and Human Spermiogenesis:New Insights in Stage Specificity and Link to Chromatin Remodeling1
Marcon, L., & Boissonneault, G. (2004) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod.103.022541 · Cited by 281
“Not surprisingly, the predictive value of sperm chromatin integrity for pregnancy outcome has been demonstrated and emerges as a new sperm parameter in the clinical setting [6, 7].”
Background
Increased sperm nuclear DNA damage in normozoospermic infertile men: a prospective study.
Saleh, R., Agarwal, A., Nelson, D., Nada, E., El-Tonsy, M. H., Alvarez, J., Thomas, A., & Sharma, R. (2002) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03219-3 · Cited by 275
“The %DFI [median (25th and 75th percentiles)] in infertile men with normal sperm parameters [23 (15, 32)] was significantly higher than fertile donors [15 (11, 20)] (P .”
Background
Flow cytometric sexing of mammalian sperm.
Garner, D. L. (2006) · Theriogenology · doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.09.009 · Cited by 274
The impact of sperm DNA damage in assisted conception and beyond: recent advances in diagnosis and treatment
Lewis, S. E. M., Aitken, R. J., Conner, S. J., Iuliis, G. N. D., Evenson, D. P., Henkel, R., Giwercman, A., & Gharagozloo, P. (2013) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.06.014 · Cited by 292
“The software SCSAsoft computes the raw red versus green fluorescence data as red/red + green fluorescence (Evenson et al., 2002).”
MethodSelf-citation
Leukocytospermia is associated with increased reactive oxygen species production by human spermatozoa
Saleh, R. A., Agarwal, A., Kandirali, E., Sharma, R. K., Thomas, A. J., Nada, E. A., Evenson, D. P., & Alvarez, J. G. (2002) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(02)04237-1 · Cited by 259
Self-citation
Unexplained male infertility: diagnosis and management.
Hamada, A., Esteves, S., Nizza, M., & Agarwal, A. (2012) · International Brazilian Journal of Urology · doi:10.1590/s1677-55382012000500002 · Cited by 253
“Several studies report a cut off value greater than 30% in DFI has shown to be associated with significant decreases in IVF fertilization as well as clinical pregnancy rates, with dramatically higher rates of success below the cut off (72,120,121).”
Background
Sperm DNA damage in male infertility: etiologies, assays, and outcomes
Schulte, R. T., Ohl, D. A., Sigman, M., & Smith, G. D. (2009) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10815-009-9359-x · Cited by 260
“Environmental stress, gene mutations, and chromosomal abnormalities can all disturb biochemical events that occur during spermatogenesis, which can ultimately lead to abnormal chromatin structure incompatible with fertility [41].”
Background
DNA integrity is compromised in protamine-deficient human sperm.
Aoki, V., Moskovtsev, S., Willis, J., Liu, L., Mullen, J., & Carrell, D. (2005) · Journal of Andrology · doi:10.2164/jandrol.05063 · Cited by 248
Sperm DNA fragmentation testing: Summary evidence and clinical practice recommendations
Esteves, S. C., Zini, A. S., Coward, R. M., Evenson, D. P., Gosálvez, J., Lewis, S. E. M., Sharma, R. K., & Humaidan, P. (2020) · Andrologia · doi:10.1111/and.13874 · Cited by 313
“The ‘iceberg effect’ hypothesis was initially proposed by Evenson (Evenson et al., 2002) and Alvarez (Alvarez, 2005) and elaborated further by Gosálvez (Gosálvez et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Impact of a mild scrotal heat stress on DNA integrity in murine spermatozoa.
Banks, S., King, S., Irvine, D., & Saunders, P. (2005) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/rep.1.00531 · Cited by 242
“This assay is considered to give a measure both of what proportion of spermatozoa contain incorrect packaged/remodeled DNA as well as the prevalence of DNA strand breaks, as both situations will result in DNA more susceptible to acid denaturation (Larson et al. 2000, Evenson et al. 2002).”
Background
Clinical relevance of oxidative stress and sperm chromatin damage in male infertility: an evidence based analysis
Cocuzza, M., Sikka, S. C., Athayde, K. S., & Agarwal, A. K. (2007) · International braz j urol · doi:10.1590/s1677-55382007000500002 · Cited by 236
“Bungum et al. reported that for IUI, there was a significantly higher chance of pregnancy/ delivery in the group with DFI < 27% and HDS (highly DNA stainable) of < 10% than in patients with DFI > 27% and HDS > 10%.”
BackgroundInfluential
Comprehensive analysis of sperm DNA fragmentation by five different assays: TUNEL assay, SCSA, SCD test and alkaline and neutral Comet assay
Ribas-Maynou, J., García-Peiró, A., Fernández-Encinas, A., Abad, C., Amengual, M., Prada, E., Navarro, J., & Benet, J. (2013) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00111.x · Cited by 229
Oxidative stress and alterations in DNA methylation: two sides of the same coin in reproduction
Menezo, Y. J. R., Silvestris, E., Dale, B., & Elder, K. T. (2016) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.09.006 · Cited by 247
Oxidative stress and medical antioxidant treatment in male infertility.
Lanzafame, F., la Vignera, S., Vicari, E., & Calogero, A. (2009) · Reproductive Biomedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.09.014 · Cited by 224
“This implies that spermatozoa with damaged DNA are able to fertilize oocytes, but at the time when the paternal genome is switched on, further development stops (Evenson et al., 2002).”
Background
Sperm chromatin structure assay as an independent predictor of fertility in vivo: a case-control study.
Giwercman, A., Lindstedt, L., Larsson, M., Bungum, M., Spanô, M., Levine, R., & Rylander, L. (2010) · International Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2009.00995.x · Cited by 223
Clinical significance of sperm DNA damage in assisted reproduction outcome
Simon, L., Brunborg, G., Stevenson, M., Lutton, D., McManus, J., & Lewis, S. E. M. (2010) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deq103 · Cited by 236
“Of these, the Comet assay under alkaline and neutral conditions, TUNEL assay and SCSA (reviewed by Evenson et al ., 2002; Agarwal and Said, 2003) have been shown to be most robust.”
Method
Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA®)
Evenson, D. P. (2012) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-038-0_14 · Cited by 222
Self-citation
Correlation between sperm motility and sperm chromatin structure assay parameters.
Giwercman, A., Richthoff, J., Hjøllund, H., Bonde, J., Jepson, K., Frohm, B., & Spanô, M. (2003) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(03)02212-x · Cited by 215
Decreased sperm DNA fragmentation after surgical varicocelectomy is associated with increased pregnancy rate.
Smit, M., Romijn, J., Wildhagen, M., Veldhoven, J. L. M., Weber, R., & Dohle, G. (2013) · Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.024 · Cited by 215
Sperm DNA damage assessment: a test whose time has come.
Agarwal, A., & Allamaneni, S. (2005) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.03.080 · Cited by 214
“ultiple techniques can measure DNA defects in human permatozoa (3, 7).”
Background
The effect of antioxidants on male factor infertility: the Males, Antioxidants, and Infertility (MOXI) randomized clinical trial
Steiner, A. Z., Hansen, K. R., Barnhart, K. T., Cedars, M. I., Legro, R. S., Diamond, M. P., Krawetz, S. A., Usadi, R., Baker, V. L., Coward, R. M., et al. (2020) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.11.008 · Cited by 213
“In addition, 1 mL of semen was stored at 80 C and subsequently shipped frozen to the Utah Andrology Laboratory for DNA fragmentation assessment using the sperm chromatin structure analysis (SCSA) test (14), when 10 million sperm were present.”
Method
The relationship between male BMI and waist circumference on semen quality: data from the LIFE study
Eisenberg, M. L., Kim, S., Chen, Z., Sundaram, R., Schisterman, E. F., & Louis, G. M. B. (2013) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/det428 · Cited by 355
Oxidative DNA damage in human sperm influences time to pregnancy.
Loft, S., Kold-Jensen, T., Hjollund, N. H., Giwercman, A., Gyllemborg, J., Ernst, E., Olsen, J., Scheike, T., Poulsen, H., & Bonde, J. (2003) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deg202 · Cited by 212
Probes and Techniques for Sperm Evaluation by Flow Cytometry
Martínez‐Pastor, F., Mata-Campuzano, M., Álvarez‐Rodríguez, M., Alvarez, M., Anel, L., & de Paz, P. (2010) · Reproduction in Domestic Animals · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01622.x · Cited by 206
Effect of sperm DNA fragmentation on pregnancy outcome depends on oocyte quality.
Meseguer, M., Santiso, R., Garrido, N., García-Herrero, S., Remohi, J., & Fernández, J. (2011) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.05.055 · Cited by 207
Sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA): a tool in diagnosis and treatment of infertility.
Bungum, M., Bungum, L., & Giwercman, A. (2011) · Asian Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1038/aja.2010.73 · Cited by 205
Comments on the release of the 5th edition of the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen.
Ford, W. (2010) · Asian Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1038/aja.2008.57 · Cited by 197
Adverse effect of paroxetine on sperm.
Tanrikut, C., Feldman, A., Altemus, M., Paduch, D., & Schlegel, P. (2010) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.04.039 · Cited by 194
The sperm chromatin structure assay as a diagnostic tool in the human fertility clinic.
Boe-Hansen, G., Fedder, J., Ersbøll, A., & Christensen, P. (2006) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/del019 · Cited by 190
“Evenson and coworkers (1980) described the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) in the early 1980s, and the assay has since been refined (Evenson et al., 2002) and used for both animal and human semen (Evenson, 1999).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
High-power microscopy for selecting spermatozoa for ICSI by physiological status.
Garolla, A., Fortini, D., Menegazzo, M., Toni, L. D., Nicoletti, V., Moretti, A., Selice, R., Engl, B., & Foresta, C. (2008) · Reproductive Biomedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60307-0 · Cited by 181
“Again, the determination of sperm DNA damage (i.e. DNA fragmentation and abnormal DNA integrity) is strongly recommended when advanced forms of assisted reproductive techniques are used (Barroso et al., 2000; Evenson et al., 2002; Zini et al., 2006).”
Method
Male accessory gland infection and sperm parameters (review)
Vignera, S. L., Vicari, E. S. D., Condorelli, R. A., D’Agata, R., & Calogero, A. E. (2011) · International Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01200.x · Cited by 189
Semen quality and time to pregnancy: the Longitudinal Investigation of Fertility and the Environment Study
Louis, G. M. B., Sundaram, R., Schisterman, E. F., Sweeney, A., Lynch, C. D.-J., Kim, S., Maisog, J. M., Gore‐Langton, R. E., Eisenberg, M. L., & Chen, Z. (2013) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.10.022 · Cited by 201
Sperm DNA integrity assays: diagnostic and prognostic challenges and implications in management of infertility
Shamsi, M. B., Imam, S., & Dada, R. (2011) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10815-011-9631-8 · Cited by 173
“The alkaline comet assay cannot differentiate between single or double strand breaks, endogenous or induced breaks and moreover the alkali labile sites are not considered specific for infertility [106, 107].”
Background
Human exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and fertility: A case-control study in male subfertility patients.
Hond, E. D. D., Tournaye, H., Sutter, P. D., Ombelet, W., Baeyens, W., Covaci, A., Cox, B., Nawrot, T., van Larebeke, N., & D'Hooghe, T. (2015) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.07.017 · Cited by 170
“DNA fragmentation in sperm (Evenson et al., 2002) would allow a more mechanistic approach and hence be an added value to the study.”
Background
Correlation between DNA damage and sperm parameters: a prospective study of 1,633 patients.
Cohen-Bacrie, P., Belloc, S., Ménézo, Y. J. R., Clement, P., Hamidi, J., & Benkhalifa, M. (2009) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.01.086 · Cited by 170
“It generally is admitted that the relation between fragmentation and World Health Organization sperm parameters is weak (1).”
Background
Effects of environmental and occupational pesticide exposure on human sperm: a systematic review
Perry, M. J. (2008) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmm039 · Cited by 224
“The integrity of sperm DNA is central to the transmission of genetic information during reproduction and chromatin abnormalities or DNA damage can result in paternal fertility problems (Evenson et al., 2002; Agarwal and Said, 2003).”
Rapid selection of sperm with high DNA integrity
Nosrati, R., Vollmer, M., Eamer, L., Gabriel, M. C. S., Zeidan, K., Zini, A. S., & Sinton, D. A. (2014) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/c3lc51254a · Cited by 186
Clinical relevance of sperm DNA damage in assisted reproduction.
Tarozzi, N., Bizzaro, D., Flamigni, C., & Borini, A. (2007) · Reproductive Biomedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60678-5 · Cited by 159
“Furthermore, several clinical studies have shown its usefulness in evaluating male fertility (Evenson et al., 2002; Larson et al., 2000; Spano et al., 2000; Bungum et al., 2004; Virro et al., 2004).”
BackgroundMethod
The Effect of Ambient Air Pollution on Sperm Quality
Hansen, C. A., Luben, T. J., Sacks, J. D., Olshan, A. F., Jeffay, S. C., Strader, L. F., & Perreault, S. D. (2009) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0901022 · Cited by 164
The relationship between human sperm apoptosis, morphology and the sperm deformity index
Aziz, N., Said, T. M., Paasch, U., & Agarwal, A. K. (2007) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dem016 · Cited by 147
“Activated caspase-3, loss of the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and DNA fragmentation are other markers of terminal apoptosis expressed by a varying proportions of ejaculated sperm (Evenson et al., 2002; Paasch et al., 2004a,b).”
Spontaneous DNA fragmentation in swim-up selected human spermatozoa during long term incubation.
Muratori, M., Maggi, M., Spinelli, S., Filimberti, E., Forti, G., & Baldi, E. (2003) · Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1002/j.1939-4640.2003.tb02670.x · Cited by 154
“Emerging ﬁndings show that sperm DNA/chromatin integrity is required for optimum fertility success (Evenson et al, 2002).”
Exposure to PCB and p, p′-DDE in European and Inuit populations: impact on human sperm chromatin integrity
Spano, M., Toft, G. V., Hagmar, L., Eleuteri, P., Rescia, M., Rignell‐Hydbom, A., Tyrkiel, E. J., Zvyezday, V., & Bonde, J. P. (2005) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dei297 · Cited by 149
“Sperm DNA integrity can effectively be evaluated by the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) (Evenson et al., 2002; Perreault et al., 2003), which measures, by flow cytometry, the susceptibility of sperm nuclear DNA to denaturation in situ followed by Acridine Orange staining (Evenson et al.,…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Absence of sperm RNA elements correlates with idiopathic male infertility
Jodar, M., Sendler, E. D., Moskovtsev, S. I., Librach, C. L., Goodrich, R. J., Swanson, S., Hauser, R. B., Diamond, M. P., & Krawetz, S. A. (2015) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aab1287 · Cited by 166
Fertility estimation: a review of past experience and future prospects.
Foote, R. (2003) · Animal Reproduction Science · doi:10.1016/s0378-4320(02)00233-6 · Cited by 151
The effects of sperm quality on embryo development after intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Loutradi, K., Tarlatzis, B., Goulis, D., Zepiridis, L., Pagou, T., Chatziioannou, E., Grimbizis, G., Papadimas, I., & Bontis, I. (2006) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10815-006-9022-8 · Cited by 147
“It has been reported that ejaculated sperm can exhibit DNA strand breaks (fragmentation) due to underprotamination during spermiogenesis (16,17).”
How do male germ cells handle DNA damage?
Olsen, A.-K. H., Lindeman, B., Wiger, R., Duale, N., & Brunborg, G. (2005) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2005.01.060 · Cited by 136
Toluidine blue cytometry test for sperm DNA conformation: comparison with the flow cytometric sperm chromatin structure and TUNEL assays.
Ērenpreiss, J., Jepson, K., Giwercman, A., Tsarev, I., Erenpreisa, J., & Spanô, M. (2004) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deh417 · Cited by 142
“HDS is thought to be indicative of immature sperm cells in which the chromatin might be less compact and more accessible to nuclear dyes (Evenson et al., 2002).”
Influential
Sperm DNA fragmentation is correlated with poor embryo development, lower implantation rate, and higher miscarriage rate in reproductive cycles of non-male factor infertility.
Borges, E., Zanetti, B. F., Setti, A., Braga, D. P. D. A. F., Provenza, R., & Iaconelli, A. (2019) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.04.029 · Cited by 140
Sperm DNA Tests as Useful Adjuncts to Semen Analysis
Lewis, S. E. M., Agbaje, I., & Álvarez, J. G. (2008) · Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1080/19396360801957739 · Cited by 137
“Of these, the COMET, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT, TUNEL) and Sperm Chromatin Structure assays (reviewed by [Evenson et al. 2002; Agarwal and Said 2004; Lewis and Aitken 2005]) have been shown to be the most informative.”
Method
Age-related decline in sperm deoxyribonucleic acid integrity in patients evaluated for male infertility
Moskovtsev, S. I., Willis, J., & Mullen, J. B. M. (2006) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.05.075 · Cited by 147
Effect of maternal and paternal age on pregnancy and miscarriage rates after intrauterine insemination.
Belloc, S., Cohen-Bacrie, P., Benkhalifa, M., Cohen-Bacrie, M., de Mouzon, J., Hazout, A., & Ménézo, Y. (2008) · Reproductive Biomedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60223-4 · Cited by 138
“Progress in the analysis of sperm DNA structure has clearly demonstrated that sperm DNA fragmentation increases with age, with or without oxidative stress as an additional factor (Duran et al., 2002; Evenson et al., 2002; Aitken et al., 2003; Guérin et al., 2005; Evenson and Wixon, 2006).”
Background
ICSI in cases of sperm DNA damage: beneficial effect of oral antioxidant treatment
Greco, E., Romano, S., Iacobelli, M., Ferrero, S., Baroni, E., Minasi, M., Ubaldi, F., Rienzi, L., & Tesarik, J. (2005) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dei091 · Cited by 136
Fall in implantation rates following ICSI with sperm with high DNA fragmentation.
Speyer, B., Pizzey, A., Ranieri, M., Joshi, R., Delhanty, J., & Serhal, P. (2010) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deq116 · Cited by 134
“The in-house SCSA assay followed the procedure previously described elsewhere (Evenson and Jost, 1994; Evenson et al., 2002).”
Method
Double Stranded Sperm DNA Breaks, Measured by Comet Assay, Are Associated with Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage in Couples without a Female Factor
Ribas-Maynou, J., García-Peiró, A., Fernández-Encinas, A., Amengual, M., Prada, E., Cortés, P., Navarro, J., & Benet, J. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044679 · Cited by 133
Sperm selection with density gradient centrifugation and swim up: effect on DNA fragmentation in viable spermatozoa
Muratori, M., Tarozzi, N., Carpentiero, F., Danti, S., Perrone, F., Cambi, M., Casini, A., Azzari, C., Boni, L., Maggi, M., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-43981-2 · Cited by 131
Expression profile of genes coding for DNA repair in human oocytes using pangenomic microarrays, with a special focus on ROS linked decays
Ménézo, Y., Russo, G., Tosti, E., El-Mouatassim, S., & Benkhalifa, M. (2007) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10815-007-9167-0 · Cited by 131
“On the other hand, paternal DNA always carries a varying level of DNA strand breaks [1–10].”
BackgroundMethod
Exposure to ambient air pollution-does it affect semen quality and the level of reproductive hormones?
Radwan, M., Jurewicz, J., Polańska, K., Sobala, W., Radwan, P., Bochenek, M., & Hanke, W. (2015) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.3109/03014460.2015.1013986 · Cited by 146
“High DNA stainability (%HDS) was calculated on the basis of the percentage of sperm with high levels of green fluorescence, which are thought to represent immature spermatozoa with incomplete chromatin condensation (Evenson et al., 2002).”
Method
Influence of the abstinence period on human sperm quality.
Jonge, C. D., Lafromboise, M., Bosmans, E., Ombelet, W., Cox, A., & Nijs, M. (2004) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.03.014 · Cited by 130
Review: Diagnosis and impact of sperm DNA alterations in assisted reproduction.
Simon, L., Emery, B., & Carrell, D. (2017) · Best Practice & Research: Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.07.003 · Cited by 129
Characterization of sperm chromatin quality in testicular cancer and Hodgkin's lymphoma patients prior to chemotherapy.
O'Flaherty, C., Vaisheva, F., Hales, B., Chan, P., & Robaire, B. (2008) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/den081 · Cited by 127
“To assess the susceptibility of sperm DNA to acid-induced denaturation, the SCSA was done using a method described previously (Evenson et al., 2002).”
Method
GSTM1 genotype influences the susceptibility of men to sperm DNA damage associated with exposure to air pollution.
Rubes, J., Selevan, S., Sram, R., Evenson, D., & Perreault, S. (2007) · Mutation research · doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.05.012 · Cited by 127
Self-citation
Update on semen technologies for animal breeding.
Morrell, J. (2006) · Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0531.2006.00621.x · Cited by 127
ICSI in cases of sperm DNA damage: beneficial effect of oral antioxidant treatment.
Greco, E., Romano, S., Iacobelli, M., Ferrero, S., Baroni, E., Minasi, M., Ubaldi, F., Rienzi, L., & Tesarik, J. (2006) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(05)00440-4 · Cited by 126
“This phenomenon has previously been described for SCSA data and termed the 'tip of the iceberg' effect (Evenson et al., 2002).”
Method
Effect of sperm DNA fragmentation on embryo development: clinical and biological aspects
Sedó, C. A., Bilinski, M., Lorenzi, D., Uriondo, H., Noblía, F., Longobucco, V., Lagar, E. V., & Nodar, F. (2017) · JBRA Assisted Reproduction · doi:10.5935/1518-0557.20170061 · Cited by 125
“DNA damage may have a negative impact in IVFICSI results (Evenson et al., 2002; Cordelli et al., 2005; Sergerie et al., 2005; Greco et al., 2005; Boe-Hansen et al., 2006; Makhlouf & Niederberger, 2006; Avendaño et al., 2009a; Avendaño et al., 2009b; Góngora-Rodríguez & Fontanilla-Ramírez, 2010;…”
Background
Integrating new tests of sperm genetic integrity into semen analysis: breakout group discussion.
Perreault, S. D., Aitken, R., Baker, H. W. G., Evenson, D., Huszar, G., Irvine, D., Morris, I. D., Morris, R. A., Robbins, W., Sakkas, D., et al. (2003) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9190-4_23 · Cited by 125
Self-citation
The sperm cell : production, maturation, fertilization, regeneration
O'Hara, L., Smith, L., Jonge, C. D., & Barratt, C. (2017) · doi:10.1017/9781316411124 · Cited by 124

Authors: EVENSON, D. P., LARSON, K. L., & JOST, L. K.
Affiliations: South Dakota State University (US)
Corresponding author: EVENSON, DONALD P.
ORCID: EVENSON, DONALD P.
Venue: Journal of Andrology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2002-01-02
Volume: 23
Issue: 1
Pages: 25-43
ISSN: 0196-3635 (ISSN-L)
1939-4640
DOI: 10.1002/j.1939-4640.2002.tb02599.x
OpenAlex: W1532901402
Cited by: 1,072
References: 158
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 61
FWCI: 38.26
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 4018 d)
Locations: Journal of Andrology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation (9452894, 9720642)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species
Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Male Reproductive Health Studies
Keywords: sperm chromatin structure assay, sperm DNA fragmentation, male infertility, testicular cancer
MeSH terms: Chromatin, Humans, Infertility, Male, Male, Spermatozoa, DNA Fragmentation

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Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay: Its Clinical Use for Detecting Sperm DNA Fragmentation in Male Infertility and Comparisons With Other Techniques

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