Transcriptional enhancers: Intelligent enhanceosomes or flexible billboards?
Abstract
In higher eukaryotes, transcriptional enhancers play critical roles in the integration of cellular signaling information, but apart from a few well‐studied model enhancers, we lack a general picture of transcriptional information processing by most enhancers. Here we discuss recent studies that have provided fresh insights on information processing that occurs on enhancers, and propose that in addition to the highly cooperative and coordinate action of “enhanceosomes”, a less integrative, but more flexible form of information processing is mediated by information display or “billboard” enhancers. Application of these models has important ramifications not only for the biochemical analysis of transcription, but also for the wider fields of bioinformatics and evolutionary biology. J. Cell. Biochem. 94: 890–898, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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- Authors
- Arnosti, D. N., & Kulkarni, M. M.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Arnosti, David N.
- ORCID
- Arnosti, David N.
- Venue
- Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-02-04
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 890-898
- ISSN
- 0730-2312 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-4644
- OpenAlex
- W2001770641
- Semantic Scholar
- 5abb01a06f88735b7b0c8f93b737094b58780f81
- Cited by
- 309
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 0.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Cellular Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Public Health Service (NIH 56976)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene Regulatory Network Analysis
- Keywords
- enhancers, enhanceosome, transcriptional regulation, enhancer evolution
- MeSH terms
- Phylogeny, Transcription, Genetic, Computational Biology
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