A regulatory code for neurogenic gene expression in the Drosophila embryo
Abstract
Bioinformatics methods have identified enhancers that mediate restricted expression in the Drosophila embryo. However, only a small fraction of the predicted enhancers actually work when tested in vivo. In the present study, co-regulated neurogenic enhancers that are activated by intermediate levels of the Dorsal regulatory gradient are shown to contain several shared sequence motifs. These motifs permitted the identification of new neurogenic enhancers with high precision: five out of seven predicted enhancers direct restricted expression within ventral regions of the neurogenic ectoderm. Mutations in some of the shared motifs disrupt enhancer function, and evidence is presented that the Twist and Su(H) regulatory proteins are essential for the specification of the ventral neurogenic ectoderm prior to gastrulation. The regulatory model of neurogenic gene expression defined in this study permitted the identification of a neurogenic enhancer in the distant Anopheles genome. We discuss the prospects for deciphering regulatory codes that link primary DNA sequence information with predicted patterns of gene expression.
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Bioinformatic approaches rapidly identified an additional 20 cis-regulatory sequences for genes expressed along the dorsoventral axis.
“Bioinformatic approaches rapidly identified an additional 20 cis-regulatory sequences for genes expressed along the DV axis.”
From Graded dorsal and differential gene regulation in the Drosophila embryo. (2009) · cites this paper as Markstein et al. 2004
In addition to the presence of Dorsal sites in all classes, the motif GCTGGYA was identified in enhancers that direct expression in a broad lateral stripe.
“in addition to the presence of Dorsal sites in all the classes, the motif GCTGGYA was identified in enhancers that direct expression in a broad lateral stripe.”
From Graded dorsal and differential gene regulation in the Drosophila embryo. (2009) · cites this paper as Markstein et al. 2004
CACATGT and RGGNCAG motifs were identified in enhancers supporting expression in ventrolateral stripes.
“In contrast, CACATGT and RGGNCAG motifs were identified in enhancers supporting expression in ventrolateral stripes”
From Graded dorsal and differential gene regulation in the Drosophila embryo. (2009) · cites this paper as Markstein et al. 2004
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- Authors
- Markstein, M., Zinzen, R., Markstein, P., Yee, K.-P., Erives, A., Stathopoulos, A., & Levine, M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Hewlett-Packard (United States) (US)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Genetics and Development, 401 Barker Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720,USA
- Venue
- Development
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 2004-05-15
- Volume
- 131
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2387-2394
- ISSN
- 0950-1991 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9129
- OpenAlex
- W2158144400
- Cited by
- 165
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM-46638)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene Regulatory Network Analysis
- Keywords
- Drosophila embryo, Twist, Su(H), Anopheles, enhancer function
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anopheles, Base Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, Drosophila melanogaster, Ectoderm, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Male, Mesoderm, Molecular Sequence Data, Nervous System, Repressor Proteins, Transcription Factors, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Mutagenesis, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Drosophila Proteins
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