Self‐injury: A research review for the practitioner
Abstract
Non‐suicidal self‐injury is the intentional destruction of body tissue without suicidal intent and for purposes not socially sanctioned. In this practice‐friendly review, the authors summarize the empirical research on who self‐injures, why people self‐injure, and what treatments have demonstrated effectiveness. Self‐injury is more common in adolescents and young adults as compared to adults. Common forms include cutting, severe scratching, burning, and banging or hitting; most individuals who self‐injure have used more than one method. Although diagnostically heterogeneous, self‐injurers typically exhibit two prominent characteristics: negative emotionality and self‐derogation. Self‐injury is most often performed to temporarily alleviate intense negative emotions, but may also serve to express self‐directed anger or disgust, influence or seek help from others, end periods of dissociation or depersonalization, and help resist suicidal thoughts. Psychotherapies that emphasize emotion regulation, functional assessment, and problem solving appear to be most effective in treating self‐injury. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 1045–1056, 2007.
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Non-autistic self-harmers report a 'rush' or a 'high', a feeling of excitement, after engaging in NSSI.
“In contrast to its role in communication, another potential variable of interest is highlighted by use of NSSI to generate sensory stimulation [2], with non-autistic self-harmers reporting a ‘rush’ or a ‘high’, a feeling of excitement, after engaging in NSSI [43, 44].”
From A 'choice', an 'addiction', a way 'out of the lost': Exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability (2019) · cites this paper as [44]
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- Authors
- Klonsky, E. D., & Muehlenkamp, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- University of North Dakota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Klonsky, E. David
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-10-11
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1045-1056
- ISSN
- 0021-9762 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-4679
- OpenAlex
- W2025217652
- Cited by
- 722
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 21.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Keywords
- non-suicidal self-injury, self-harm, adolescents, young adults, negative affectivity, self-derogation, emotion regulation, psychotherapy, dissociation, depersonalization, coping with negative emotions, treatment effectiveness
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Borderline Personality Disorder, Humans, Problem Solving, Psychology, Clinical, Psychotherapy, Suicide, Prevalence, Self-Injurious Behavior, Age of Onset
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