Understanding Emotion in Adolescents: A Review of Emotional Frequency, Intensity, Instability, and Clarity

Bailen, Natasha H.; Green, Lauren M.; Thompson, Renee J.

doi:10.1177/1754073918768878

Cited by 427Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesMental Health Research Topics

Understanding Emotion in Adolescents: A Review of Emotional Frequency, Intensity, Instability, and Clarity

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Bailen, Natasha H., Green, Lauren M., Thompson, Renee J.·2019·Emotion Review

DOI 10.1177/1754073918768878

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Abstract

Adolescence is a time of transition from childhood to adulthood during which significant changes occur across multiple domains, including emotional experience. This article reviews the relevant literature on adolescents’ experience of four specific dimensions of emotion: emotional frequency, intensity, instability, and clarity. In an effort to examine how emotional experiences change as individuals approach adulthood, we examine these dimensions across ages 10 to 19, and review how the emotional functioning of adolescents compares to that of adults. In addition, we explore whether and how gender and puberty explain age differences in emotional experience. Finally, we discuss how these findings could inform future research on both the typical trajectory of emotional experience and the development of psychopathology in adolescence.

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During adolescence, emotionality is heightened by neural changes while self-regulation remains underdeveloped.
“This is due in part, to the physical and chemical changes occurring in the brain from early adolescence, which result in a ‘neural mismatch’ whereby emotionality is heightened in response to real and/or perceived stressors (Bailen et al. 2019), yet the self-regulatory system required to manage these emotions remains largely underdeveloped until early adulthood (Somerville et al. 2010).”
From Risk and protective factors for prospective changes in adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as Bailen et al. 2019
Adolescence is a transitional period with many biological, emotional, and cognitive processes developing simultaneously, together with changes in social environment, family and peer relationships.
“Adolescence is a transitional period in life with many biological, emotional, and cognitive processes developing simultaneously, together with changes in the social environment, family and peer relationships (20, 21).”
From An emotion regulation skills training for adolescents and parents: perceptions and acceptability of methodological aspects (2024) · cites this paper as [20]

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Deficits in Emotional Clarity and Vulnerability to Peer Victimization and Internalizing Symptoms Among Early Adolescents
Hamilton, J. L., Kleiman, E. M., Rubenstein, L. M., Stange, J. P., Flynn, M. E., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2015) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-015-0260-x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Pubertal Development and the Daily Subjective States of Young Adolescents
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Daily life with depressive symptoms: Gender differences in adolescents' everyday emotional experiences.
Frost, A., Hoyt, L., Chung, A. L., & Adam, E. (2015) · Journal des adolescens · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.06.001 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The importance of affective development for the emergence of depressive disorders during adolescence
Allen, N. B., & Sheeber, L. (2008) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511551963.001 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Developmental, gender, and ethnic group differences in moods and ambulatory blood pressure in adolescents
Meininger, J. C., Liehr, P. R., Chan, W., Smith, G. L., & Mueller, W. H. (2004) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm2801_3 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Dynamic Associations of Negative Mood and Smoking Across the Development of Smoking in Adolescence
Weinstein, S. M., & Mermelstein, R. J. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2013.794698 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The daily emotional experience of adolescents: are adolescents more emotional, why, and how is that related to depression?
Larson, R. W., & Sheeber, L. (2008) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511551963.002 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The cyclical nature of depressed mood and future risk: Depression, rumination, and deficits in emotional clarity in adolescent girls
Rubenstein, L. M., Hamilton, J., Stange, J., Flynn, M., Abramson, L., & Alloy, L. (2015) · Journal des adolescens · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.03.015 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Risk for Suicide Among Treatment Seeking Adolescents: The Role of Positive and Negative Affect Intensity
Rojas, S. M., Leen‐Feldner, E. W., Blumenthal, H., Lewis, S. F., & Feldner, M. T. (2014) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-014-9650-8 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Gender Differences in Emotion Expression in Low-Income Adolescents Under Stress
Panjwani, N., Chaplin, T., Sinha, R., & Mayes, L. (2015) · Journal of nonverbal behavior · doi:10.1007/s10919-015-0224-6 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The grass is not as green as you think: Affect evaluation in people with internalizing disorders
Thompson, R. J., Kircanski, K., & Gotlib, I. H. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.06.006 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citation
Affect Intensity Contributes to Perfectionistic Self-presentation in Adolescents Beyond Perfectionism
Stoeber, J., & Roche, D. L. (2013) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-013-0176-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Are Adolescents More Emotional? A Study of the Daily Emotions of Middle Class Indian Adolescents1
Verma, S., & Larson, R. W. (1999) · Psychology and Developing Societies · doi:10.1177/097133369901100204 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Sex differences in the correlation of emotional control and amygdala volumes in adolescents
Blanton, R., Chaplin, T., & Sinha, R. (2010) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0b013e32833e7866 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ups and downs: Daily cycles of adolescent moods
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Adolescent Anger: A Developmental Study
Kollar, M., Groër, M., Thomas, S. P., & Cunningham, J. L. (1991) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6171.1991.tb00478.x · Cited by 14 · see citing works

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Risk and protective factors for prospective changes in adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic
Magson, N. R., Freeman, J. Y. A., Rapee, R. M., Richardson, C. E., Oar, E. L., & Fardouly, J. (2021) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-020-01332-9 · Cited by 1,436 · see citing works
Adolescent development and risk for the onset of social-emotional disorders: A review and conceptual model
Rapee, R. M., Oar, E. L., Johnco, C. J., Forbes, M. K., Fardouly, J., Magson, N. R., & Richardson, C. E. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.103501 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Adolescents' Perceived Socio-Emotional Impact of COVID-19 and Implications for Mental Health: Results From a U.S.-Based Mixed-Methods Study
Rogers, A. A., Ha, T., & Ockey, S. (2021) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.09.039 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
The development of subjective well-being across the life span: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies.
Buecker, S., Luhmann, M., Haehner, P., Bühler, J. L., Dapp, L. C., Luciano, E. C., & Orth, U. (2023) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000401 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Adolescent well‐being amid the COVID‐19 pandemic: Are girls struggling more than boys?
Halldorsdottir, T., Þórisdóttir, I. E., Meyers, C. C. A., Ásgeirsdóttir, B. B., Kristjánsson, Á. L., Valdimarsdottir, H. B., Allegrante, J. P., & Sigfúsdóttir, I. D. (2021) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.12027 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Emotion regulation and student engagement: Age and gender differences during adolescence
Santos, A. C., Simões, C., Cefai, C., Freitas, E., & Arriaga, P. (2021) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2021.101830 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Parents’ Education Anxiety and Children’s Academic Burnout: The Role of Parental Burnout and Family Function
Wu, K., Wang, F., Wang, W., & Li, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.764824 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Mood and emotional reactivity of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: short-term and long-term effects and the impact of social and socioeconomic stressors
Green, K. H., van de Groep, S., Sweijen, S., Becht, A., Buijzen, M., de Leeuw, R. N. H., Remmerswaal, D., van der Zanden, R. A., Engels, R. C. M. E., & Crone, E. A. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-90851-x · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Emotion Regulation Strategies as Risk Factors for Developmental Psychopathology: a Meta-analytic Review of Longitudinal Studies based on Cross-lagged Correlations and Panel Models
Cavicchioli, M., Tobia, V., & Ogliari, A. L. (2022) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-022-00980-8 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
COVID‑19 and post‑traumatic stress disorder: The perfect ‘storm’ for mental health (Review)
Giannopoulou, I., Galinaki, S., Kollintza, E., Adamaki, M., Kympouropoulos, S., Alevyzakis, E., Tsamakis, K., Tsangaris, I., Spandidos, D., Siafakas, N., et al. (2021) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2021.10596 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Black Emotions Matter: Understanding the Impact of Racial Oppression on Black Youth’s Emotional Development
Lozada, F. T., Riley, T. N., Catherine, E., & Brown, D. W. (2021) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12699 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Association between Emotional Eating and Frequency of Unhealthy Food Consumption among Taiwanese Adolescents
Bui, C., Lin, L.-Y., Wu, C.-Y., Chiu, Y.-W., & Chiou, H. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13082739 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Measuring emotions in education using wearable devices: A systematic review
Ba, S., & Hu, X. (2023) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104797 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Mindful Parenting is Associated with Adolescents’ Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Through Adolescents’ Psychological Inflexibility and Self-Compassion
Moreira, H., & Canavarro, M. C. (2019) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-019-01133-9 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Tuning in to Teens: Investigating moderators of program effects and mechanisms of change of an emotion focused group parenting program.
Kehoe, C. E., Havighurst, S. S., & Harley, A. E. (2020) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000875 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Emotion Differentiation and Youth Mental Health: Current Understanding and Open Questions
Nook, E. C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.700298 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The association between child maltreatment and pathological narcissism: A three-level meta-analytic review
Gao, S., Yu, D., Assink, M., Chan, K. L., Zhang, L., & Meng, X. (2024) · Trauma, Violence, & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380221147559 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Are emotional e-competencies a protective factor against habitual digital behaviors (media multitasking, cybergossip, phubbing) in Spanish students of secondary education?
Salinas, A. C., de Escoriaza, J. C., & Orejudo, S. (2022) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104464 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The Interplay of Parental Response to Anger, Adolescent Anger Regulation, and Externalizing and Internalizing Problems: A Longitudinal Study
Otterpohl, N., Wild, E., Havighurst, S. S., Stiensmeier‐Pelster, J., & Kehoe, C. E. (2021) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-021-00795-z · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Emotion Dysregulation within the CBT-E Model of Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review
Trompeter, N., Bussey, K., Forbes, M. K., & Mitchison, D. (2021) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10225-5 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The Predictive Role of Affectivity, Self-Esteem and Social Support in Depression and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents
Peñate, W., González-Loyola, M., & Oyanadel, C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17196984 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The Mediating Role of Loneliness Between Social Support and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Rural Adolescents During COVID-19 Outbreak: A Comparative Study Between Left-Behind and Non-left-behind Students
Hou, T., Xie, Y., Mao, X., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Wen, J., Chen, Y., Luo, Z., & Cai, W. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.740094 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Predicting states of elevated negative affect in adolescents from smartphone sensors: a novel personalized machine learning approach
Ren, B., Balkind, E. G., Pastro, B., Israel, E. S., Pizzagalli, D. A., Rahimi-Eichi, H., Baker, J. T., & Webb, C. A. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291722002161 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Emotional intelligence and cognitive skills protecting mental health from stress and violence among Ghanaian youth
Nyarko, F., Peltonen, K., Kangaslampi, S., & Punamäki, R. (2020) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03878 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Substance-related coping behaviours among youth during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic
Romano, I., Patte, K. A., de Groh, M., Jiang, Y., Wade, T. J., Bélanger, R. E., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2021) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100392 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The politics of depression: Diverging trends in internalizing symptoms among US adolescents by political beliefs
Gimbrone, C., Bates, L. M., Prins, S. J., & Keyes, K. M. (2021) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100043 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Anxiety mediated the relationship between bullying victimization and internet addiction in adolescents, and family support moderated the relationship
Liu, Y., Peng, J., Ding, J., Wang, J., Jin, C., Xu, L., Zhang, T., & Liu, P. (2025) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-024-05348-z · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Gender-Specific Patterns of Teen Dating Violence in Heterosexual Relationships and their Associations with Attachment Insecurities and Emotion Dysregulation
Théorêt, V., Hébert, M., Fernet, M., & Blais, M. (2020) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-020-01328-5 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Pandemic-related experiences, mental health symptoms, substance use, and relationship conflict among older adolescents and young adults from Manitoba, Canada
Salmon, S., Taillieu, T. L., Fortier, J., Stewart-Tufescu, A., & Afifi, T. O. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114495 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Empathy development from adolescence to adulthood and its consistency across targets
Gaspar, A., & Esteves, F. G. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.936053 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Revisiting the relation between academic buoyancy and coping: A network analysis
Putwain, D. W., Daumiller, M. H., Hussain, T., & Pekrun, R. H. (2024) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2024.102283 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Problemas de regulación emocional y salud mental en adolescentes del norte de Chile
Caqueo‐Urízar, A., Mena‐Chamorro, P., Flores, J., Narea, M., & Irarrázaval, M. (2020) · Terapia psicológica · doi:10.4067/s0718-48082020000200203 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Emotion Dysregulation in ADHD and Other Neurodevelopmental Conditions: A Co-Twin Control Study
Astenvald, R., Frick, M. A., Neufeld, J., Bölte, S., & Isaksson, J. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-022-00528-0 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Adolescent emotion regulation trajectories: The influence of parent and friend emotion socialization
Hale, M. E., Price, N. N., Borowski, S. K., & Zeman, J. L. (2023) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12834 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Learning Through a Pandemic: Youth Experiences With Remote Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Nandlall, N., Hawke, L. D., Hayes, E., Darnay, K., Daley, M., Relihan, J., & Henderson, J. L. (2022) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440221124122 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Cognitive Reappraisal and Psychological Well-Being During Early Adolescence: A Scoping Review
Shum, C., Dockray, S., & McMahon, J. (2024) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/02724316241231918 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Children and Adolescents' Mental Health Following COVID-19: The Possible Role of Difficulty in Emotional Regulation
Hen, M., Shenaar‐Golan, V., & Yatzker, U. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.865435 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Clinical Symptomatology of Anxiety and Family Function in Adolescents—The Self-Esteem Mediator
Farmakopoulou, I., Lekka, M., & Gkintoni, E. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11030338 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Coach awareness, knowledge and practice in relation to growth and maturation and training load in competitive, young gymnasts
Patel, T. S., McGregor, A., Fawcett, L., Bekker, S., Williams, S., Williams, K. J., & Cumming, S. P. (2020) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/1747954120978486 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Mood variability during adolescent development and its relation to sleep and brain development
Toenders, Y. J., van der Cruijsen, R., Runze, J., van de Groep, S., Wierenga, L. M., & Crone, E. A. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-59227-9 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Negative emotion differentiation through a developmental lens: Associations with parental factors and age in adolescence
Starr, L. R., Shaw, Z. A., Li, Y. I., Santee, A. C., & Hershenberg, R. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109597 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Age and Gender Differences in Emotional and Behavioral Functioning Among Youth Referred to a Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic at a Public Hospital
Levkovich, I., Yatzkar, U., & Shenaar‐Golan, V. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12060683 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Emotion Dysregulation and Eating Disorder Symptoms: Examining Distinct Associations and Interactions in Adolescents
Trompeter, N., Bussey, K., Forbes, M., Hay, P., Goldstein, M., Thornton, C. E., Basten, C. J., Heruc, G., Roberts, M. E., Byrne, S., et al. (2022) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-022-00898-1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
A Mixed-Methods Study of Compassionate Mind Training for Pupils (CMT-Pupils) as a School-Based Wellbeing Intervention
Maratos, F. A., Wood, W., Cahill, R., Hernández, Y. A. T., Matos, M., & Gilbert, P. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02303-y · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Examining Linear and Nonlinear Associations Between Negative Emotional Reactivity to Daily Events and Depression Among Adolescents
Santee, A. C., & Starr, L. R. (2021) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026211045684 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Emotion Concept Development from Childhood to Adulthood
Nook, E. C., & Somerville, L. H. (2019) · Nebraska Symposium on Motivation/The Nebraska symposium on motivation · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27473-3_2 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Assessing emotion regulation difficulties in adolescents: validation and clinical utility of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale, 16-item
Larsson, K., Aspeqvist, E., Falkenström, F., Andersson, G., Svedin, C., & Zetterqvist, M. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02540-3 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
ACADEMIC STRESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH EMOTIONAL EATING BEHAVIOR AMONG ADOLESCENT
Ramadhani, N., & Mahmudiono, T. (2021) · Media Gizi Indonesia · doi:10.20473/mgi.v16i1.38-47 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Parent and friend emotion socialization in adolescence: The path to internalizing symptoms
Hale, M. E., & Zeman, J. L. (2023) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2023.101513 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
LITERARY LEARNING FOR TEENAGER INMATES IN INSTITUTE FOR CHILDREN SPECIAL REHABILITATION
Efendi, A., & Nurjanah, R. (2019) · Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan · doi:10.21831/cp.v38i3.27322 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Factor structure and clinical correlates of the original and 16‐item version of the Difficulties In Emotion Regulation Scale in adolescent girls with eating disorders
Monell, E., Birgegård, A., Nordgren, L., Hesser, H., & Bjureberg, J. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23286 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
”I happen to be one of 47.8%”: Social-Emotional and Data Reasoning in Middle School Students’ Comics about Friendship
Vacca, R., DesPortes, K., Tes, M., Silander, M., Matuk, C. F., Amato, A., & Woods, P. J. (2022) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3491102.3502086 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Multi-modal assessment of reward functioning in adolescent anhedonia
Murray, L., Israel, E. S., Balkind, E. G., Pastro, B., Lovell-Smith, N., Lukas, S. E., Forbes, E. E., Pizzagalli, D. A., & Webb, C. A. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291722001222 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Bully-victims in bullying and cyberbullying: An analysis of school-level risk factors
Quintana‐Orts, C., Mora-Merchán, J. A., Muñoz‐Fernández, N., & Rey, R. D. (2023) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-023-09846-3 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Cultivating emotional resilience in adolescent girls: Effects of a growth emotion mindset lesson
Rudolph, K. D., Troop‐Gordon, W., Skymba, H. V., Modi, H. H., Ye, Z., Clapham, R. B., Dodson, J., Finnegan, M. K., & Heller, W. (2024) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.14175 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Emotion regulation and disordered eating behaviour in youths: Two daily‐diary studies
Dworschak, C., Polack, R. G., Winschel, J., Joormann, J., & Hedy Kober, A. (2023) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2993 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Kids Across the Spectrums
Alper, M. (2023) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/14152.001.0001 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Temporal dynamics of positive and negative affect in adolescents: Associations with depressive disorders and risk
Abitante, G., Cole, D. A., Bean, C. A. L., Politte‐Corn, M., Liu, Q., Dao, A., Dickey, L., Pegg, S. L., & Kujawa, A. (2024) · Journal of Mood and Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.xjmad.2024.100069 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The relationship between positive mental health, academic stress and suicide ideation among Malaysian adolescents residing in Johor Bahru
Khan, A. A., Sriyanto, S., Baranovich, D.-L., Tahir, L. M., Panatik, S. A., Sasmoko, S., Indrianti, Y., Hamid, M. A. A., Lukman, F., Vân, N. T., et al. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-02885-7 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Network temperature as a metric of stability in depression symptoms across adolescence
Grimes, P. Z., Murray, A. L., Smith, K., Allegrini, A. G., Piazza, G. G., Larsson, H., Epskamp, S., Whalley, H. C., & Kwong, A. S. F. (2025) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-025-00415-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
An initial examination of the associations between appearance‐related safety behaviors, socioemotional, and body dysmorphia symptoms during adolescence
Bilsky, S. A., Olson, E. K., Luber, M. J., Petell, J. A., & Friedman, H. P. (2022) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.12074 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Deep learning-based algorithm accurately classifies sleep stages in preadolescent children with sleep-disordered breathing symptoms and age-matched controls
Somaskandhan, P., Leppänen, T., Terrill, P. I., Sigurdardottir, S. E., Arnardóttir, E. S., Olafsdottir, K. A., Serwatko, M., SIGURDARDOTTIR, S. T., Clausen, M. V., Töyräs, J., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1162998 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Intercultural sensitivity as a mediator in the relationship between implicit intercultural identification and emotional disturbance—An exploratory study of international high school students
He, J., Song, X., Wang, C., & Zhang, R. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1098671 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Inconsistency in psychological resilience and social support with mental health in early adolescents: A multilevel response surface analysis approach
Zhu, D., He, Y., Wang, F., Li, Y., Wen, X., Tong, Y., Xie, F., Wang, G., & Su, P. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.086 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Diurnal variation of cardiac autonomic activity in adolescent non-suicidal self-injury
Sigrist, C., Jakob, H., Beeretz, C. J., Schmidt, S. J., Kaess, M., & Koenig, J. (2023) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-023-01574-1 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
A cognitive-computational account of mood swings in adolescence
Gregorová, K., Eldar, E., Deserno, L., & Reiter, A. M. F. (2024) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.006 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Flow Experience and Emotional Well-Being among Italian Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Bassi, M., Carissoli, C., Beretta, S., Negri, L., Fianco, A., & Fave, A. D. (2022) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2022.2074347 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Understanding the impact of misinformation on adolescents
Ma, I., Sultan, M., Kozyreva, A., & van den Bos, W. (2025) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-025-02338-8 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Communicating Emotional Distress Experienced By Adolescents Between Adolescents and Their Mothers: Patterns and Links with Adolescents' Emotional Distress.
Ding, R., He, W., Wang, Q., & Qi, Z. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.051 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Pre-service primary teachers’ shame experiences during their schooling time: characteristics and effects on their subject-choices at university
Jenßen, L., Möller, R. D., Eilerts, K., & Rösken-Winter, B. (2022) · Educational Studies in Mathematics · doi:10.1007/s10649-021-10141-1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Prosocial Behavior and Aggression in the Daily School Lives of Early Adolescents
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Authors: Bailen, N. H., Green, L. M., & Thompson, R. J.
Affiliations: Washington University in St. Louis (US)
Corresponding author: Bailen, Natasha H.
ORCID: Bailen, Natasha H.
Thompson, Renee J.
Venue: Emotion Review
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2018-08-02
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 63-73
ISSN: 1754-0739 (ISSN-L)
1754-0747
DOI: 10.1177/1754073918768878
OpenAlex: W2886249191
Cited by: 427
References: 107
Citations by year: 2026: 58 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 92 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 7
FWCI: 18.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Emotion Review (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Keywords: adolescent emotions, emotional intensity, neuroticism, emotional clarity, age differences, gender differences, puberty, coming of age, emotional development, adolescent psychopathology

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Understanding Emotion in Adolescents: A Review of Emotional Frequency, Intensity, Instability, and Clarity

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