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Sarcopenia and physical independence in older adults: the independent and synergic role of muscle mass and muscle function
Open accessAbstract
Background: The loss of skeletal muscle mass (MM) or muscle function (MF) alone increases the risk for losing physical independence in older adults. We aimed to examine the independent and synergic associations of low MM and low MF, both criteria of sarcopenia, with the risk for losing projected physical independence in later life (+90 years old). Methods: Cross‐sectional analyses were conducted in 3493 non‐institutionalized older adults (1166 males). Physical independence was assessed with a 12‐item composite physical function scale. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds‐ratio (OR) for being at risk for losing physical independence. Results: Approximately 30% of the participants were at risk for losing physical independence at 90 years of age. Independent analysis demonstrated that participants with low MM had 1.65 (95%CI: 1.27–2.31) increased odds for being at risk for losing physical independence and participants with low MF had 6.19 (95%CI 5.08–7.53) increased odds for being at risk. Jointly, having a low MM and a low MF increased the risk for losing physical independence to 12.28 (95%CI 7.95 to 18.96). Conclusions: Although low MM represents a risk factor for losing physical independence, low MF seems to play a more dominant role in this relationship, with the presence of both sarcopenia criteria representing a substantial risk for losing physical independence in later life.
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![Figure 1 Joint association of muscle mass (MM)/muscle function (MF) categories [normal MM and MF; normal MM low MF; low MM normal MF; low MM and MF] with the risk for losing physical independence in older adults (n = 3493). *Results are presented as odds‐ratio (95% confident intervals) Model adjusted for sex, age, education, medical history for chronic disease, hypertension, elevated cholesterol or glycemia, current medication status and body mass index.](/paper-figures/a9a76847ed6f4219b3ffceee7d46db4e/sarcopenia-and-physical-independence-in-older-adults-the-independent-and-figure-1.jpg)
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“Muscular strength, de fi ned as the ability to apply force to an external resistance or object, 11 is a predictor of functional decline, 12 -14 deteriorating by w 15% every decade beyond 50 years of age 15 and by 3.4% annually in people aged . 75 years. 16”
From High-velocity power training has similar effects to traditional resistance training for functional performance in older adults: a systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as [12]
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“For instance, lower muscle mass and strength has been associated with functional impairment, falls, and physical disability [2,3].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- dos Santos, L., Cyrino, E. S., Antunes, M., Santos, D. A., & Sardinha, L. B.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (BR)
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise GEPEMENE State University of Londrina ‐ UEL Londrina Brazil
- University of Lisbon (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Sardinha, Luís B.
- Venue
- Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-11-08
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 245-250
- ISSN
- 2190-5991 (ISSN-L)
- 2190-6009
- PMC
- PMC5377449
- OpenAlex
- W2559775223
- Cited by
- 302
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 13.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BPD/92462/2013)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- sarcopenia, physical independence, older adults, muscle mass, muscle function, physical function, aging, frailty, risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Body Composition, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Geriatric Assessment, Odds Ratio, Muscle, Skeletal, Sarcopenia
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