Sex dimorphism in the white matter: Fractional anisotropy and brain size
Abstract
Purpose: To examine sex differences in fractional anisotropy of the white matter across the whole brain, controlling for head size variation. Materials and Methods: A total of 238 normal subjects aged 40–49 years were included in this study. Diffusion tensor images were acquired at 3 Tesla using a single‐shot spin‐echo echo‐planar sequence. With use of tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS), sex differences in fractional anisotropy of the white matter were examined across the whole brain, without and with adjustment of total intracranial volume. Voxelwise analyses of the processed fractional anisotropy data were performed using permutation‐based, voxelwise nonparametric testing. Results: TBSS analysis without adjustment for total intracranial volume showed several regions with a significant effect of sex on fractional anisotropy; these included the splenium of the corpus callosum, bilateral superior corona radiata, and posterior limbs of the internal capsule, midbrain, and cerebellum. Significantly higher fractional anisotropy was seen in males compared with females in these regions. TBSS analysis with adjustment for total intracranial volume, however, showed a greatly reduced number of such regions. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that sex differences in fractional anisotropy of the white matter reported by previous studies may partly reflect differences in head size, not microscopic differences. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:917–923. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Adult studies suggest males have higher FA, higher AD, and lower RD in widespread white-matter regions.
“studies in adults suggest that males have higher FA, higher AD, and lower RD in widespread white-matter regions131–135.”
From Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood (2018) · cites this paper as [132]
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- Authors
- Takao, H., Hayashi, N., & Ohtomo, K.
- Affiliations
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Takao, Hidemasa
- Venue
- Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-10-07
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 917-923
- ISSN
- 1053-1807 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-2586
- OpenAlex
- W1513772712
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 2.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- sex differences, white matter, fractional anisotropy, brain size, intracranial volume, head size, corpus callosum, corona radiata, internal capsule, midbrain, cerebellum, diffusion tensor imaging, tract-based spatial statistics
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Female, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Male, Middle Aged, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, Organ Size, Reference Values, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sex Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Anisotropy, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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