Cited by 593Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchPsychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Treatment of complex PTSD: results of the ISTSS expert clinician survey on best practices.

Cloitre, Marylene, Courtois, Christine A., Charuvastra, Anthony, Carapezza, Richard, Stolbach, Bradley C., Green, Bonnie L.·2011·Journal of Traumatic Stress

DOI 10.1002/jts.20697

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This study provides a summary of the results of an expert opinion survey initiated by the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies Complex Trauma Task Force regarding best practices for the treatment of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Ratings from a mail‐in survey from 25 complex PTSD experts and 25 classic PTSD experts regarding the most appropriate treatment approaches and interventions for complex PTSD were examined for areas of consensus and disagreement. Experts agreed on several aspects of treatment, with 84% endorsing a phase‐based or sequenced therapy as the most appropriate treatment approach with interventions tailored to specific symptom sets. First‐line interventions matched to specific symptoms included emotion regulation strategies, narration of trauma memory, cognitive restructuring, anxiety and stress management, and interpersonal skills. Meditation and mindfulness interventions were frequently identified as an effective second‐line approach for emotional, attentional, and behavioral (e.g., aggression) disturbances. Agreement was not obtained on either the expected course of improvement or on duration of treatment. The survey results provide a strong rationale for conducting research focusing on the relative merits of traditional trauma‐focused therapies and sequenced multicomponent approaches applied to different patient populations with a range of symptom profiles. Sustained symptom monitoring during the course of treatment and during extended follow‐up would advance knowledge about both the speed and durability of treatment effects.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/jts.20697

Cites

42 of 42 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)
American Psychiatric Association (2000) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349 · Cited by 11,069
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Raber, G., & Spokas, M. (2024) · doi:10.4135/9781071886229.n145 · Cited by 2,806
Book Reviews
Mendelson, G. (1995) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048679509064964 · Cited by 2,592
Effective Treatments for PTSD
Freeman, A. M. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v62n1112 · Cited by 1,667
Posttraumatic stress disorder: the burden to the individual and to society.
Kessler, R. C. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 1,445
Disorders of extreme stress: The empirical foundation of a complex adaptation to trauma
van der Kolk, B. A., Roth, S., Pelcovitz, D., Sunday, S., & Spinazzola, J. (2005) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20047 · Cited by 1,284
Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: A phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse.
Cloître, M., Koenen, K. C., Cohen, L. R., & Han, H. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.70.5.1067 · Cited by 1,099
Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: A phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse
Cloitre, M., Koenen, K. C., Cohen, L. R., & Han, H. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.70.5.1067 · Cited by 1,097
Effective Treatments for PTSD: Practice Guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies
Albeck, J. H. (2001) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2001.55.2.295 · Cited by 973
Dissociation, somatization, and affect dysregulation: the complexity of adaptation of trauma
van der Kolk, B. A., Pelcovitz, D., Roth, S., Mandel, F. S., McFARLANE, A. C., & Herman, J. L. (1996) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.153.7.83 · Cited by 886

Show all 42 references

Research works printed but not linked: 6

Foa E. B., 1995, Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostics Scale
Herman J. L., 1992, Trauma and recovery: The aftermath of violence from domestic violence to political terrorism
Institute of Medicine, 2008, Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: An assessment of the evidence
10.1002/jts.2490100103 · DOI
Steele K., 2009, Treating complex traumatic stress disorders: An evidence‐based guide, 145
10.1002/jts.2490100308 · DOI

Sorted by citations

The International Trauma Questionnaire: development of a self‐report measure of ICD‐11 PTSD and complex PTSD
Cloitre, M., Shevlin, M., Brewin, C. R., Bisson, J. I., Roberts, N. P., Maercker, A., Karatzias, T., & Hyland, P. (2018) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12956 · Cited by 1,314
Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders
Katzman, M. A., Bleau, P., Blier, P., Chokka, P., Kjernisted, K., Van Ameringen, M., & the Canadian Anxiety Guidelines Initiative Group on behalf of the Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada/Association Canadienne des troubles anxieux and McGill University (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-s1-s1 · Cited by 1,090
“The guidelines include panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder (SAD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).”
BackgroundInfluential
Post-traumatic stress disorder.
Yehuda, R., Hoge, C. W., McFarlane, A. C., Vermetten, E., Lanius, R. A., Nievergelt, C. M., Hobfoll, S. E., Koenen, K. C., Neylan, T. C., & Hyman, S. E. (2015) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2015.57 · Cited by 870
Diagnosis and classification of disorders specifically associated with stress: proposals for ICD-11
Maercker, A., Brewin, C. R., Bryant, R. A., Cloitre, M., van Ommeren, M., Jones, L. M., Humayan, A., Kagee, A., Llosa, A. E., Rousseau, C., et al. (2013) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20057 · Cited by 762
Evidence for proposed ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD: a latent profile analysis
Cloitre, M., Garvert, D. W., Brewin, C. R., Bryant, R. A., & Maercker, A. (2013) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.20706 · Cited by 751
“…by the symptoms most frequently reported by participants in the DSM-IV field trials (see Van der Kolk, Roth, Pelcovitz, Sunday & Spinazzola, 2005) as well those identified as most frequent and most impairing by expert clinicians in a recent consensus survey on complex PTSD (Cloitre et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMethod
A review of current evidence regarding the ICD-11 proposals for diagnosing PTSD and complex PTSD
Brewin, C. R., Cloitre, M., Hyland, P., Shevlin, M., Maercker, A., Bryant, R. A., Humayun, A., Jones, L. M., Kagee, A., Rousseau, C., et al. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.09.001 · Cited by 678
Proposals for mental disorders specifically associated with stress in the International Classification of Diseases-11
Maercker, A., Brewin, C. R., Bryant, R. A., Cloitre, M., Reed, G. M., van Ommeren, M., Humayun, A., Jones, L. M., Kagee, A., Llosa, A. E., et al. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)62191-6 · Cited by 533
Distinguishing PTSD, Complex PTSD, and Borderline Personality Disorder: A latent class analysis
Cloitre, M., Garvert, D. W., Weiss, B., Carlson, E. B., & Bryant, R. A. (2014) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v5.25097 · Cited by 468
Fear and the Defense Cascade
Kozlowska, K., Walker, P., McLean, L., & Carrive, P. (2015) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000065 · Cited by 468
Psychological interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Roberts, N. P., Roberts, P. A., Jones, N., & Bisson, J. I. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.02.007 · Cited by 429
Finalizing PTSD in DSM-5 : Getting Here From There and Where to Go Next
Friedman, M. J. (2013) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21840 · Cited by 415
Prolonged Exposure Therapy for PTSD
Foa, E. B., Hembree, E. A., ROTHBAUM, B. O., & Rauch, S. A. M. (2019) · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780190926939.001.0001 · Cited by 436
CUMULATIVE TRAUMAS AND RISK THRESHOLDS: 12-MONTH PTSD IN THE WORLD MENTAL HEALTH (WMH) SURVEYS: Cumulative Trauma and PTSD
Karam, E. G., Friedman, M. J., Hill, E. D., Kessler, R. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Petukhova, M., Sampson, L., Shahly, V., Angermeyer, M. C., Bromet, E. J., et al. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22169 · Cited by 446
Meta-analysis of psychological treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder in adult survivors of childhood abuse
Ehring, T., Welboren, R., Morina, N., Wicherts, J. M., Freitag, J., & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (2014) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.10.004 · Cited by 373
A critical evaluation of the complex PTSD literature: Implications for DSM‐5
Resick, P. A., Bovin, M. J., Calloway, A. L., Dick, A. M., King, M. W., Mitchell, K. S., Suvak, M. K., Wells, S. Y., Stirman, S. W., & Wolf, E. J. (2012) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21699 · Cited by 365
Evidence of distinct profiles of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) based on the new ICD-11 Trauma Questionnaire (ICD-TQ)
Karatzias, T., Shevlin, M. E., Fyvie, C., Hyland, P., Efthymiadou, E., Wilson, D., Roberts, N. P., Bisson, J. I., Brewin, C. R., & Cloître, M. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.032 · Cited by 365
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT TREATMENT GUIDELINES FOR COMPLEX PTSD IN ADULTS
de Jongh, A., Resick, P. A., Zoellner, L. A., van Minnen, A., Lee, C. W., Monson, C. M., Foa, E. B., Wheeler, K., ten Broeke, E., Feeny, N. C., et al. (2016) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22469 · Cited by 372
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder after Childhood Sexual Abuse in Patients with and without Borderline Personality Disorder: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Bohus, M., Dyer, A. S., Priebe, K., Krüger, A., Kleindienst, N., Schmahl, C., Niedtfeld, I., & Steil, R. (2013) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000348451 · Cited by 344
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Bisson, J. I., Cosgrove, S., Lewis, C., & Roberts, N. P. (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.h6161 · Cited by 342
Validation of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD using the International Trauma Questionnaire
Hyland, P., Shevlin, M., Brewin, C. R., Cloitre, M., Downes, A. J., Jumbe, S., Karatzias, T., Bisson, J. I., & Roberts, N. P. (2017) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12771 · Cited by 295
Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (DBT-PTSD) Compared With Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) in Complex Presentations of PTSD in Women Survivors of Childhood Abuse: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Bohus, M., Kleindienst, N., Hahn, C., Müller-Engelmann, M., Ludäscher, P., Steil, R., Fydrich, T., Kuehner, C., Resick, P. A., Stiglmayr, C., et al. (2020) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.2148 · Cited by 265
Examining potential contraindications for prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD
van Minnen, A., Harned, M. S., Zoellner, L., & Mills, K. (2012) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v3i0.18805 · Cited by 248
Variation in post-traumatic response: the role of trauma type in predicting ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD symptoms
Hyland, P., Murphy, J., Shevlin, M., Vallières, F., McElroy, E., Elklit, A., Christoffersen, M., & Cloitre, M. (2017) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-017-1350-8 · Cited by 221
The “one size fits all” approach to trauma treatment: should we be satisfied?
Cloître, M. (2015) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v6.27344 · Cited by 200
ICD–11 Complex PTSD in U.S. National and Veteran Samples: Prevalence and Structural Associations With PTSD
Wolf, E. J., Miller, M. W., Kilpatrick, D., Resnick, H. S., Badour, C. L., Marx, B. P., Keane, T. M., Rosen, R. C., & Friedman, M. J. (2015) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702614545480 · Cited by 188
An initial psychometric assessment of an ICD-11 based measure of PTSD and complex PTSD (ICD-TQ): Evidence of construct validity.
Karatzias, T., Shevlin, M., Fyvie, C., Hyland, P., Efthymiadou, E., Wilson, D., Roberts, N., Bisson, J., Brewin, C., & Cloitre, M. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.10.009 · Cited by 169
Emerging experience with selected new categories in the ICD‐11: complex PTSD, prolonged grief disorder, gaming disorder, and compulsive sexual behaviour disorder
Reed, G. M., First, M. B., Billieux, J., Cloitre, M., Briken, P., Achab, S., Brewin, C. R., King, D. L., Kraus, S. W., & Bryant, R. A. (2022) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20960 · Cited by 182
Integrating Trauma‐Informed Care Into Maternity Care Practice: Conceptual and Practical Issues
Sperlich, M. I., Seng, J. S., Li, Y., Taylor, J. S., & Bradbury‐Jones, C. (2017) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1111/jmwh.12674 · Cited by 196
Coping, Emotion Regulation, and Self-Blame as Mediators of Sexual Abuse and Psychological Symptoms in Adult Sexual Assault
Ullman, S. E., Peter-Hagene, L. C., & Relyea, M. (2014) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2014.864747 · Cited by 165
A systematic literature review of factor analytic and mixture models of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD using the International Trauma Questionnaire
Redican, E., Nolan, E., Hyland, P., Cloitre, M., McBride, O., Karatzias, T., Murphy, J., & Shevlin, M. (2021) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102381 · Cited by 156
Conceptualization, Assessment, and Treatment of Traumatic Stress in First Responders: A Review of Critical Issues
Lewis-Schroeder, N. F., Kieran, K., Murphy, B. L., Wolff, J. D., Robinson, M. A., & Kaufman, M. L. (2018) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000176 · Cited by 154
Parental PTSD, adverse parenting and child attachment in a refugee sample
van Ee, E., Kleber, R. J., Jongmans, M. J., Mooren, T. T. M., & Out, D. (2016) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2016.1148748 · Cited by 130
Imagery rescripting and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing as treatment for adults with post-traumatic stress disorder from childhood trauma: randomised clinical trial
Boterhoven de Haan, K. L., Lee, C. W., Fassbinder, E., van Es, S. M., Menninga, S., Meewisse, M.-L., Rijkeboer, M., Kousemaker, M., & Arntz, A. (2020) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2020.158 · Cited by 129
An assessment of the construct validity of the ICD-11 proposal for complex posttraumatic stress disorder.
Hyland, P., Shevlin, M. E., Elklit, A., Murphy, J., Vallières, F., Garvert, D. W., & Cloître, M. (2016) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000114 · Cited by 129
Psychological therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder
Roberts, N. P., Roberts, P. A., Jones, N., & Bisson, J. I. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010204.pub2 · Cited by 126
Evidence for two different ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorders in a community sample of adolescents and young adults
Perkonigg, A., Höfler, M., Cloitre, M., Wittchen, H.-U., Trautmann, S., & Maercker, A. (2016) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-015-0639-4 · Cited by 144
The Role of Attachment Trauma and Disintegrative Pathogenic Processes in the Traumatic-Dissociative Dimension
Farina, B., Liotti, M., & Imperatori, C. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00933 · Cited by 138
Emotion regulation difficulties in traumatized youth: a meta-analysis and conceptual review
Villalta, L., Smith, P., Hickin, N., & Stringaris, A. (2018) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-018-1105-4 · Cited by 119
Development and Validation of the Dissociative Symptoms Scale
Carlson, E. B., Waelde, L. C., Palmieri, P. A., Macia, K. S., Smith, S. R., & McDade‐Montez, E. (2016) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191116645904 · Cited by 129
An overview of trauma-informed care and practice for eating disorders
Brewerton, T. D. (2019) · Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2018.1532940 · Cited by 111
Trauma sensitive yoga as a complementary treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: A qualitative descriptive analysis.
West, J., Liang, B., & Spinazzola, J. (2016) · International Journal of Stress Management · doi:10.1037/str0000040 · Cited by 108
Dissociation predicts treatment response in eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing for posttraumatic stress disorder
Bae, H., Kim, D., & Park, Y. C. (2016) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299732.2015.1037039 · Cited by 104
Complex Trauma in Children and Adolescents: Evidence‐Based Practice in Clinical Settings
Lawson, D. M., & Quinn, J. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.21990 · Cited by 106
An evaluation of ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD criteria in a sample of adult survivors of childhood institutional abuse
Knefel, M., & Lueger‐Schuster, B. (2013) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.22608 · Cited by 107
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Theory and Treatment Update
Kirkpatrick, H. A., & Heller, G. M. (2014) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/pm.47.4.h · Cited by 108
Evidence of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) across populations with prolonged trauma of varying interpersonal intensity and ages of exposure
Palić, S., Zerach, G., Shevlin, M. E., Zeligman, Z., Elklit, A., & Solomon, Z. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.062 · Cited by 99
Empirically derived lifespan polytraumatization typologies: A systematic review
Contractor, A. A., Caldas, S. V., Fletcher, S., Shea, M. T., & Armour, C. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22586 · Cited by 108
Evidence-based treatment for adult women with child abuse-related Complex PTSD: a quantitative review
Dorrepaal, E., Thomaes, K., Hoogendoorn, A. W., Veltman, D. J., Draijer, N., & van Balkom, A. J. L. M. (2014) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v5.23613 · Cited by 99
Post‐traumatic stress disorder: evolving conceptualization and evidence, and future research directions
Brewin, C. R., Atwoli, L., Bisson, J. I., Galea, S., Koenen, K. C., & Lewis‐Fernández, R. (2025) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21269 · Cited by 121
Trauma and Trauma-Informed Care
Kimberg, L. S., & Wheeler, M. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04342-1_2 · Cited by 104
A psychometric assessment of Disturbances in Self-Organization symptom indicators for ICD-11 Complex PTSD using the International Trauma Questionnaire
Shevlin, M. E., Hyland, P., Roberts, N. P., Bisson, J. I., Brewin, C. R., & Cloître, M. (2018) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2017.1419749 · Cited by 100
Complex posttraumatic stress disorder: The need to consolidate a distinct clinical syndrome or to reevaluate features of psychiatric disorders following interpersonal trauma?
Giourou, E., Σκώκου, Μ., Andrew, S. P., Alexopoulou, K. I., Gourzis, P., & Jelastopulu, E. (2018) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v8.i1.12 · Cited by 95
Trauma-focused treatment outcome for complex PTSD patients: results of an intensive treatment programme
Voorendonk, E. M., de Jongh, A., Rozendaal, L., & van Minnen, A. (2020) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2020.1783955 · Cited by 92
A comparison of Narrative Exposure Therapy and Prolonged Exposure therapy for PTSD
Mørkved, N., Hartmann, K., Aarsheim, L. M., Holen, D., Milde, A. M., Bomyea, J. A., & Thorp, S. R. (2014) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.06.005 · Cited by 91
Development of the new CPTSD diagnosis for ICD-11
Maercker, A. R. A. (2021) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-021-00148-8 · Cited by 87
Dispelling Myths About Dissociative Identity Disorder Treatment: An Empirically Based Approach
Brand, B. L., Loewenstein, R. J., & Spiegel, D. (2014) · Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes · doi:10.1521/psyc.2014.77.2.169 · Cited by 85
Does one size fit all? Nosological, clinical, and scientific implications of variations in PTSD Criterion A
Stein, J. Y., Wilmot, D., & Solomon, Z. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.07.001 · Cited by 96
Trauma responses to intimate partner violence: A review of current knowledge
Pill, N., Day, A., & Mildred, H. (2017) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2017.01.014 · Cited by 94
EVALUATING POTENTIAL IATROGENIC SUICIDE RISK IN TRAUMA-FOCUSED GROUP COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF PTSD IN ACTIVE DUTY MILITARY PERSONNEL
Bryan, C. J., Clemans, T. A., Hernandez, A. M., Mintz, J., Peterson, A. L., Yarvis, J. S., & Resick, P. A. (2015) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22456 · Cited by 79
Feasibility of trauma-focused Guided Imagery and Music with adult refugees diagnosed with PTSD: A pilot study
Beck, B. D., Messell, C., Meyer, S., Cordtz, T. O., Søgaard, U., Simonsen, E. H., & Moe, T. (2017) · Nordic Journal of Music Therapy · doi:10.1080/08098131.2017.1286368 · Cited by 85
Atypical visual processing in posttraumatic stress disorder
Mueller‐Pfeiffer, C., Schick, M., Schulte-Vels, T., Tuura, R., Michels, L., Martin-Söelch, C., Blair, J., Rufer, M., Schnyder, U., Zeffiro, T. A., et al. (2013) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2013.08.009 · Cited by 79
The memory and identity theory of ICD-11 complex posttraumatic stress disorder.
Hyland, P., Shevlin, M. E., & Brewin, C. R. (2023) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/rev0000418 · Cited by 91
What works for whom and why: A narrative systematic review of interventions for reducing post-traumatic stress disorder and problematic substance use among women with experiences of interpersonal violence
Bailey, K., Trevillion, K., & Gilchrist, G. (2018) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2018.12.007 · Cited by 84
Differential predictors of DSM-5 PTSD and ICD-11 complex PTSD among African American women
Powers, A. D., Fani, N., Carter, S. E., Cross, D., Cloître, M., & Bradley, B. (2017) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2017.1338914 · Cited by 73
Using a MDMA- and LSD-Group Therapy Model in Clinical Practice in Switzerland and Highlighting the Treatment of Trauma-Related Disorders
Oehen, P., & Gasser, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.863552 · Cited by 73
The Efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in Children and Adults Who Have Experienced Complex Childhood Trauma: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Chen, R., Gillespie, A. L., Zhao, Y., Xi, Y., Ren, Y., & McLean, L. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00534 · Cited by 73
The Body Can Change the Score: Empirical Support for Somatic Regulation in the Treatment of Traumatized Adolescents
Warner, E., Spinazzola, J., Westcott, A., Gunn, C., & Hodgdon, H. (2014) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-014-0030-z · Cited by 84
Staying Present: Incorporating Mindfulness into Therapy for Dissociation
Zerubavel, N., & Messman‐Moore, T. L. (2013) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-013-0261-3 · Cited by 87
Trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms associate with violence in inner city civilians
Gillikin, C. L., Habib, L., Evces, M. R., Bradley, B., Ressler, K. J., & Sanders, J. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.07.027 · Cited by 79
Complex trauma
Kliethermes, M., Schacht, M., & Drewry, K. (2014) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2013.12.009 · Cited by 69
Gender differences in the associations between types of childhood maltreatment and sleep disturbance among Chinese adolescents
Xiao, D., Wang, T., Huang, Y., Wang, W., Zhao, M., Zhang, W., Guo, L., & Lu, C. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.099 · Cited by 70
Complex PTSD: research directions for nosology/assessment, treatment, and public health
Ford, J. D. (2015) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v6.27584 · Cited by 81
Imagery Rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: A randomized controlled trial
Raabe, S., Ehring, T., Marquenie, L., Arntz, A., & Kindt, M. (2022) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769 · Cited by 64
Alternative models of disorders of traumatic stress based on the new ICD ‐11 proposals
Shevlin, M. E., Hyland, P., Karatzias, T., Fyvie, C., Roberts, N. P., Bisson, J. I., Brewin, C. R., & Cloître, M. (2017) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12695 · Cited by 63
Treating complex trauma among veterans: three stage-based treatment models
Landes, S. J., Garovoy, N. D., & Burkman, K. M. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.21988 · Cited by 60
Negative body experience in women with early childhood trauma: associations with trauma severity and dissociation
Scheffers, M., Hoek, M., Bosscher, R. J., van Duijn, M. A. J., Schoevers, R. A., & van Busschbach, J. T. (2017) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2017.1322892 · Cited by 56
Attachment insecurity as a mediator of the relationship between childhood trauma and adult dissociation
Kong, S. S., Kang, D. R., Oh, M. J., & Kim, N. H. (2017) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299732.2017.1329772 · Cited by 63
A controlled early group intervention study for unaccompanied minors: Can Expressive Arts alleviate symptoms of trauma and enhance life satisfaction?
Demott, M. A. M., Jakobsen, M., Wentzel‐Larsen, T., & Heir, T. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12395 · Cited by 58
Do emotion regulation difficulties affect outcome of intensive trauma-focused treatment of patients with severe PTSD?
van Toorenburg, M. M., Sanches, S. A., Linders, B., Rozendaal, L., Voorendonk, E. M., van Minnen, A., & de Jongh, A. (2020) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2020.1724417 · Cited by 54
Body‐ and Movement‐Oriented Interventions for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
van de Kamp, M. M., Scheffers, M., Hatzmann, J., Emck, C., Cuijpers, P. J., & Beek, P. J. (2019) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22465 · Cited by 66
Working with Victims of Human Trafficking
Pascual‐Leone, A., Kim, J., & Morrison, O.-P. (2016) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10879-016-9338-3 · Cited by 53
Comparing mental health disorders among sex trafficked children and three groups of youth at high-risk for trafficking: A dual retrospective cohort and scoping review
Palines, P. A., Rabbitt, A. L., Pan, A. Y., Nugent, M. L., & Ehrman, W. G. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104196 · Cited by 52
Meditation programs for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: Aggregate findings from a multi-site evaluation.
Heffner, K. L., Crean, H. F., & Kemp, J. E. (2016) · Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000106 · Cited by 52
PTSD's risky behavior criterion: Relation with DSM-5 PTSD symptom clusters and psychopathology
Contractor, A. A., Weiss, N. H., Dranger, P., Ruggero, C. J., & Armour, C. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.03.008 · Cited by 51
Reducing Shame, Promoting Dignity: A Model for the Primary Prevention of Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Salter, M., & Hall, H. (2020) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838020979667 · Cited by 64
Complex post-traumatic stress symptoms in female adolescents: the role of emotion dysregulation in impairment and trauma exposure after an acute sexual assault
Villalta, L., Khadr, S., Chua, K.-C., Kramer, T., Clarke, V., Viner, R. M., Stringaris, A., & Smith, P. (2020) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2019.1710400 · Cited by 50
Seven-Year Follow-Up Study of Symptoms in Asylum Seekers and Refugees With PTSD Treated With Trauma-Focused Groups
Drožđek, B., Kamperman, A. M., Tol, W. A., Knipscheer, J. W., & Kleber, R. J. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22035 · Cited by 51
Childhood trauma and complex posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in older adults: A study of direct effects and social-interpersonal factors as potential mediators
Krammer, S., Kleim, B., Simmen‐Janevska, K., & Maercker, A. R. A. (2015) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299732.2014.991861 · Cited by 49
Vagus nerve stimulation reverses the extinction impairments in a model of PTSD with prolonged and repeated trauma
de Souza, R. R., Robertson, N. M., Pruitt, D. T., Gonzales, P. A., Hays, S. A., Rennaker, R. L., Kilgard, M. P., & McIntyre, C. K. (2019) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890.2019.1602604 · Cited by 49
Complex PTSD among treatment-seeking veterans with PTSD
Letica-Crepulja, M., Stevanović, A., Protuđer, M., Grahovac-Juretić, T., Rebić, J., & Frančišković, T. (2020) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2020.1716593 · Cited by 42
Sexual Functioning After Childhood Abuse: The Influence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Trauma Exposure
Bornefeld‐Ettmann, P., Steil, R., Lieberz, K. A., Bohus, M., Rausch, S., Herzog, J., Priebe, K., Fydrich, T., & Müller‐Engelmann, M. (2018) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.02.016 · Cited by 46
The integrated treatment of eating disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and psychiatric comorbidity: a commentary on the evolution of principles and guidelines
Brewerton, T. D. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1149433 · Cited by 46
“On the other hand, ISTSS guidelines indicate sufficient evidence and clinical rationale to support the phase-oriented approach with an initial period of stabilization and establishment of safety (46, 84, 95).”
Background
The influence of patient readiness on implementation of evidence-based PTSD treatments in veterans affairs residential programs
Cook, J. M., Simiola, V., Hamblen, J. L., Bernardy, N., & Schnurr, P. P. (2017) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000162 · Cited by 45
Engaging Survivors of Human Trafficking: Complex Health Care Needs and Scarce Resources
Judge, A. M., Murphy, J. A., Hidalgo, J., & Macias‐Konstantopoulos, W. (2018) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m17-2605 · Cited by 43
Biological correlates of complex posttraumatic stress disorder—state of research and future directions
Marinova, Z., & Maercker, A. (2015) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v6.25913 · Cited by 42
Guidelines for the treatment of PTSD using clinical EFT (emotional freedom techniques)
Church, D., Stapleton, P., Mollon, P., Feinstein, D., Boath, E., Mackay, D., & Sims, R. (2018) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare6040146 · Cited by 42
The role of evidence-based therapy relationships on treatment outcome for adults with trauma: A systematic review
Ellis, A. E., Simiola, V., Brown, L. S., Courtois, C. A., & Cook, J. M. (2017) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299732.2017.1329771 · Cited by 50
Self-citation
Intersection of Trauma and Identity
Alessi, E. J., & Martin, J. I. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54509-7_1 · Cited by 47
Relation between lifespan polytrauma typologies and post-trauma mental health
Contractor, A. A., Brown, L. A., & Weiss, N. H. (2017) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.10.005 · Cited by 49
Music therapy versus treatment as usual for refugees diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Beck, B. D., Lund, S. T., Søgaard, U., Simonsen, E. H., Tellier, T. C., Cordtz, T. O., Laier, G. H., & Moe, T. (2018) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2662-z · Cited by 46

Authors: Cloitre, M., Courtois, C. A., Charuvastra, A., Carapezza, R., Stolbach, B. C., & Green, B. L.
Affiliations: Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (US)
New York University (US)
University of Chicago (US)
Georgetown University (US)
ORCID: Courtois, Christine A.
Venue: Journal of Traumatic Stress
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2011-12
Volume: 24
Issue: 6
Pages: 615-627
ISSN: 0894-9867 (ISSN-L)
1573-6598
DOI: 10.1002/jts.20697
OpenAlex: W2060194889
Semantic Scholar: 66c85744f58c1baa8a14113872bcade4c5c0efab
Cited by: 593
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 27.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 5 d)
Locations: Journal of Traumatic Stress (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Keywords: complex PTSD, expert consensus, trauma-focused psychotherapy, emotion regulation, trauma narration, cognitive restructuring, mindfulness, meditation, interpersonal skills training, aggression, treatment duration, symptom monitoring
MeSH terms: Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Male, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, United States, Health Care Surveys

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Treatment of complex PTSD: results of the ISTSS expert clinician survey on best practices.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks