Cited by 65Antibiotic Resistance in BacteriaAntibiotic Use and ResistancePharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts

Gut microbiota research nexus: One Health relationship between human, animal, and environmental resistomes

Open access
Fu, Yuhao, Dou, Qingyuan, Smalla, Kornelia, Wang, Yu, Johnson, Timothy A., Brandt, Kristian K., Mei, Zhi, Liao, Maoyuan +13 more·2023·mLife

Abstract

The emergence and rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance is of global public health concern. The gut microbiota harboring diverse commensal and opportunistic bacteria that can acquire resistance via horizontal and vertical gene transfers is considered an important reservoir and sink of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this review, we describe the reservoirs of gut ARGs and their dynamics in both animals and humans, use the One Health perspective to track the transmission of ARG-containing bacteria between humans, animals, and the environment, and assess the impact of antimicrobial resistance on human health and socioeconomic development. The gut resistome can evolve in an environment subject to various selective pressures, including antibiotic administration and environmental and lifestyle factors (e.g., diet, age, gender, and living conditions), and interventions through probiotics. Strategies to reduce the abundance of clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance determinants in various environmental niches are needed to ensure the mitigation of acquired antibiotic resistance. With the help of effective measures taken at the national, local, personal, and intestinal management, it will also result in preventing or minimizing the spread of infectious diseases. This review aims to improve our understanding of the correlations between intestinal microbiota and antimicrobial resistance and provide a basis for the development of management strategies to mitigate the antimicrobial resistance crisis.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/mlf2.12101

Cites

150 of 150 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Urbanized diets, antibiotic overuse, and environmental pollution contribute to declining microbial diversity and the rise of metabolic and autoimmune disorders.

    “In contrast, urbanized diets, antibiotic overuse, and environmental pollution contribute to declining microbial diversity and the rise of metabolic and autoimmune disorders [7,101,102,103,104,105,106,107].”

    From The Power of Environment: A Comprehensive Review of the Exposome's Role in Healthy Aging, Longevity, and Preventive Medicine-Lessons from Blue Zones and Cilento (2025) · cites this paper as [107]

    The Introduction (page unavailable) says antibiotics can alter gut microbiota and that reduced microbial diversity can harm health. The disease section links early-life antibiotic exposure potentially to diabetes, and the diet section reports altered microbial diversity with high-fat diets in mice. The paper does not establish the broader claim that urbanized diets, antibiotic overuse, and environmental pollution together cause declining diversity and rising metabolic and autoimmune disorders. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Traditional diets such as the Okinawa diet-high in vegetables, soy, and fish-are associated with diverse gut microbiota and reduced chronic disease risk.

    “Similarly, traditional diets such as the Okinawa diet—high in vegetables, soy, and fish—are associated with diverse gut microbiota and reduced chronic disease risk.”

    From The Power of Environment: A Comprehensive Review of the Exposome's Role in Healthy Aging, Longevity, and Preventive Medicine-Lessons from Blue Zones and Cilento (2025) · cites this paper as [107]

    The ‘Personal measures to alleviate antimicrobial resistance burden’ section (page unavailable) says long-term diet influences gut microbiome composition and that a balanced diet supports overall health. It does not discuss the Okinawa diet, its ingredients, greater gut microbiota diversity, or an association with reduced chronic disease risk. The ‘Impact of diet on the emergence of ARGs’ section addresses dietary effects on antibiotic resistance rather than those specific outcomes. (LLM, conf=0.81)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • The Mediterranean diet promotes beneficial bacterial growth while reducing inflammation and metabolic disorders.

    “The Mediterranean diet, rich in fiber, polyphenols, and monounsaturated fats, exemplifies a microbiome-friendly dietary pattern. It promotes beneficial bacterial growth while reducing inflammation and metabolic disorders.”

    From The Power of Environment: A Comprehensive Review of the Exposome's Role in Healthy Aging, Longevity, and Preventive Medicine-Lessons from Blue Zones and Cilento (2025) · cites this paper as [107]

    The 'Impact of diet on the emergence of ARGs' section links higher fiber intake to changes in gut bacteria and lower antibiotic-resistance gene abundance, but does not discuss the Mediterranean diet or show reductions in inflammation or metabolic disorders. Searches for 'Mediterranean diet' and for polyphenols, monounsaturated fats, inflammation, and metabolic disorders found no passage addressing the attributed claim. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.74)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 151 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. 10.1038/nature17672 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Fu, Y., Dou, Q., Smalla, K., Wang, Y., Johnson, T. A., Brandt, K. K., Mei, Z., Liao, M., Hashsham, S. A., Schäffer, A., Smidt, H., Zhang, T., Li, H., Stedtfeld, R., Sheng, H., Chai, B., Virta, M., Jiang, X., Wang, F., Zhu, Y., & Tiedje, J. M.
Affiliations
  • Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
  • Julius Kühn-Institut (DE)
  • Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
  • University of Copenhagen (DK)
  • University of Helsinki (FI)
  • Michigan State University (US)
  • RWTH Aachen University (DE)
  • Wageningen University & Research (NL)
  • University of Hong Kong (HK)
  • Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CN)
Corresponding author
Wang, Fang
Venue
mLife
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2023-12
Volume
2
Issue
4
Pages
350-364
ISSN
  • 2097-1699 (ISSN-L)
  • 2770-100X
OpenAlex
W4390227308
Cited by
65
References
151
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 1
FWCI
1.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • mLife (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Academy of Finland
  • China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M733593)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (41977137, 42307048)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
Keywords
gut microbiota, antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic resistance genes, One Health, horizontal gene transfer, vertical gene transfer, probiotics, environmental reservoirs of resistance, selection pressure, diet and microbiome, infectious disease prevention

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review