Antibiotic resistance propagation through probiotics
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The widespread use of probiotics globally has established an argument against their safety profile. Recent studies investigated the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) amongst opportunistic pathogens, probiotics, and the normal microbiota which might cause severe clinical implications. AREAS COVERED: In this review, we aimed to discuss the potential role of probiotics in spreading antibiotic resistance. All relevant data were found through online/updated databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov. This review is based on the studies undertaken over the past two decades (2000-2020). EXPERT OPINION: Microorganisms are capable of transferring resistance genes to survive against antimicrobial medications. Transference of resistance genes among pathogens, probiotics, and gut microbiota in the GIT through HGT endow probiotics as a possible source for antimicrobial resistance genes, which is responsible for the development of the antibiotic resistance crisis. According to the expression of genes in mechanisms of antibiotics resistance and probiotics HGT, the hypothesis of the role of these microorganisms in personalized medicine and gene therapy could also be considered.
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The presence of such ARGs and VFs may have clinical relevance, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or those with disrupted gut barriers, where opportunities for opportunistic infection or horizontal gene transfer may be increased.
“The presence of such ARGs and VFs may have clinical relevance, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or those with disrupted gut barriers, where opportunities for opportunistic infection or horizontal gene transfer may be increased.22,29-35”
From Safety and efficacy concerns in Indian probiotics: Insights from whole-genome sequencing and <i>in vitro</i> assessment (2026) · cites this paper as [29]
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“29-35 Genomic studies of the composite genome of Bacillus from the probiotic Enterogermina ® formulation have similarly reported a mobilome enriched with transposons and other mobile genetic elements, along with a novel plasmid sequence.”
- Authors
- Daniali, M., Nikfar, S., & Abdollahi, M.
- Affiliations
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (IR)
- Pharmaceutical Management and Economics Research Center (IR)
- Personalized Medicine Research Center (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Abdollahi, Mohammad
- Venue
- Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2020-09-27
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1207-1215
- ISSN
- 1742-5255 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-7607
- OpenAlex
- W3087000429
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 7
- FWCI
- 0.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Keywords
- probiotics, antibiotic resistance genes, horizontal gene transfer, gut microbiota, gastrointestinal tract, antimicrobial resistance, opportunistic pathogens, probiotic safety, personalized medicine, gene therapy
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Anti-Infective Agents, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Humans, Genetic Therapy, Probiotics, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Gastrointestinal Tract, Precision Medicine
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