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Mortality in schizophrenia.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to describe the current status of knowledge on excess mortality in schizophrenia and its causative factors, and to expand upon previous work evaluating approaches that may reduce mortality rates. METHODS: Literature available since 1995 was identified in a computerized search of the bibliographical databases Medline and Embase, using the topics 'mortality' and 'schizophrenia', and in a cross-reference search for articles that were particularly relevant. RESULTS: Schizophrenia is associated with mortality rates that are two to three times higher than those expected or observed in the general population. This excess of mortality is accounted for by a combination of an increased risk of suicide, in particular in young male patients soon after diagnosis, and more importantly, a higher number of natural deaths. In order to diminish the level of suicide among people with schizophrenia, the majority of research has focused on the identification of risk factors that predispose patients to attempt or commit suicide, while unhealthy styles, polypharmacy and inadequate healthcare have been shown to contribute to the high natural mortality. The link between the use of antipychotics and mortality has not been yet clarified. CONCLUSION: Dramatically increased mortality of schizophrenia patients is well established. It is time to move beyond this topic, and work towards interventions that aim at reducing the mortality risk in such patients.
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“Long-term antipsychotic use and adverse lifestyle choices (e.g. obesity, smoking, poor diet, illicit drug use, and physical inactivity) are implicated in increased risk of cardiovascular events in these populations [3], [19], [20], [22], [31]–[33]”
From Life Expectancy at Birth for People with Serious Mental Illness and Other Major Disorders from a Secondary Mental Health Care Case Register in London (2011) · cites this paper as [19]
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Mortality and tardive dyskinesia: long-term study using the US National Death Index
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The thalamus in psychosis spectrum disorder
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“Cognitive control deficits are a major focus for research and treatment development, as they are relatively unaffected by current medications and contribute to overall morbidity and loss of workforce by the illness (Auquier et al., 2006; Kooyman et al., 2007).”
BackgroundExtended-Release Intramuscular Paliperidone Palmitate
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Antipsychotic polypharmacy – confusion reigns
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Assessment and treatment of suicide risk in schizophrenia
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Cannabis, Psychosis, and Mortality: A Cohort Study of 50,373 Swedish Men
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Suicidality prior to presentation in first‐episode psychosis
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“Suicide and attempted suicide contribute significantly to the increased mortality and morbidity associated with psychotic illness.(1,2) Individuals with psychosis have at least 16-fold increased risk of suicide compared with the general population.”
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Disturbances in White Matter Integrity in the Ultra-High-Risk Psychosis State—A Systematic Review
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“comorbidities: analyses show that schizophrenia patients are at a 2–3 times greater risk of mortality [8,9] and a significantly greater risk of diabetes (15% of patients with schizophrenia compared to 6% in the general population) and metabolic syndrome [10].”
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“Schizophrenia has been associated with increased mortality (Curkendall et al., 2004; Auquier et al., 2006) and a reduction in life expectancy (Hennekens et al., 2005).”
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Sudden cardiac death and antipsychotics Part 2: Monitoring and prevention
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Development of integrated mental health care: Critical workforce competencies
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New Paradigms of Old Psychedelics in Schizophrenia
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“In addition there may be deleterious physical consequences of long-term antipsychotic use [26] which we were not able to take into account in this analysis.”
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The Long Non-Coding RNA GOMAFU in Schizophrenia: Function, Disease Risk, and Beyond
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The QTc interval and its dispersion in patients receiving two atypical antipsychotics
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Rational pharmacotherapy in early psychosis
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Metadata
- Authors
- Auquier, P., Lançon, C., Rouillon, F., Lader, M., & Holmes, C.
- Affiliations
- Hôpital de la Timone (FR)
- Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite (FR)
- Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Auquier, Pascal
- Venue
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-10-23
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 873-879
- ISSN
- 1053-8569 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1557
- OpenAlex
- W2097031522
- Cited by
- 249
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 3.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, excess mortality, suicide risk, natural mortality, risk factors, polypharmacy, antipsychotic drugs, quality of care
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Cause of Death, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Risk, Schizophrenia, Suicide, Antipsychotic Agents, Violence, Harm Reduction
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