Spirituality and well‐being in cancer patients: a review

Visser, Anja; Garssen, Bert; Vingerhoets, Ad

doi:10.1002/pon.1626

Cited by 320Religion, Spirituality, and PsychologyCancer survivorship and careWorkplace Spirituality and Leadership

Spirituality and well‐being in cancer patients: a review

Visser, Anja, Garssen, Bert, Vingerhoets, Ad·2010·Psycho-Oncology

DOI 10.1002/pon.1626

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Abstract

Objective : Cancer places many demands on the patient and threatens the person's sense of meaning to life. It has been shown that cancer patients use their spirituality to cope with these experiences. The present literature review summarizes the research findings on the relationship between spirituality and emotional well‐being. Special attention is given to the strength of the research findings. Methods : A literature search was performed in Pubmed and Web of Science. Spirituality does not necessarily coincide with religiosity. Therefore, studies were excluded that focused on religiosity. Forty publications met the inclusion criteria: Twenty‐seven studies that investigated the relationship between spirituality and well‐being, and 13 publications that explored the relationship between meaning in life and well‐being. Results : The majority of the cross‐sectional studies (31 of 36) found a positive association between spirituality and well‐being. The four studies with a longitudinal design showed mixed results. The significance of the findings is challenged, because most spirituality questionnaires contain several items that directly refer to emotional well‐being. Conclusions : Despite that the majority of the studies concluded that spirituality was associated with higher well‐being, no definitive conclusions on this relationship can be drawn due to major methodological shortcomings of these studies. Longitudinal research utilizing spirituality and well‐being measures that do not overlap in content is recommended. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Spiritual Well-Being Scale meaning/peace subscale is validated and widely employed in studies with cancer patients and survivors to assess a sense of meaning and purpose not specific to any particular religious or spiritual orientation.
“This validated measure has been widely employed in studies with cancer patients and survivors (e.g., [86, 87]) to assess a sense of meaning and purpose that is not specific to any particular religious or spiritual orientation.”
From A randomized controlled trial of a group acceptance-based intervention for cancer survivors experiencing anxiety at re-entry ('Valued Living'): Study protocol (2019) · cites this paper as [87]
Among cancer populations, the FACIT-Sp meaning/peace subscale shows good psychometrics (α = 0.84-0.87, good convergent and divergent validity) and has been widely employed to assess a sense of meaning and purpose that is not specific to any particular religious or spiritual orientation.
“Among cancer populations, this validated measure shows good psychometrics (α = 0.84-0.87, good convergent and divergent validity) and has been widely employed (e.g., [60, 61]) to assess a sense of meaning and purpose that is not specific to any particular religious or spiritual orientation.”
From A randomized controlled trial of a multi-modal palliative care intervention to promote advance care planning and psychological well-being among adults with advanced cancer: study protocol. (2022) · cites this paper as [61]

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The effects of spiritual care on quality of life and spiritual well-being among patients with terminal illness: A systematic review
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Meaning in Life, Psychological Well-Being and Depressive Symptomatology: A Comparative Study
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Interprofessional spiritual care in oncology: a literature review
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Psychological resources in spinal cord injury: a systematic literature review
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Advancing our understanding of religion and spirituality in the context of behavioral medicine
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The impact of nurses' spiritual health on their attitudes toward spiritual care, professional commitment, and caring
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Evaluating the impact of spirituality on the quality of life, anxiety, and depression among patients with cancer: an observational transversal study
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Palliative care and spiritual well‐being in lung cancer patients and family caregivers
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Emotional well-being years post-treatment for breast cancer: prospective, multi-ethnic, and population-based analysis
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The influence of spirituality on decision-making in palliative care outpatients: a cross-sectional study
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Health-related quality of life and the predictive role of sense of coherence, spirituality and religious coping in a sample of Iranian women with breast cancer: a prospective study with comparative design
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Exploring spiritual needs and their associated factors in an urban sample of early and advanced cancer patients
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Meaning of life, representation of death, and their association with psychological distress
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Re-examining the Contributions of Faith, Meaning, and Peace to Quality of Life: a Report from the American Cancer Society’s Studies of Cancer Survivors-II (SCS-II)
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What Can We Learn About the Spiritual Needs of Palliative Care Patients From the Research Literature?
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Spiritual Dryness as a Measure of a Specific Spiritual Crisis in Catholic Priests: Associations with Symptoms of Burnout and Distress
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How Spirituality Helps Cancer Patients with the Adjustment to their Disease
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Meaning in life, meaning-making and posttraumatic growth in cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Spiritual care in cancer patients: a need or an option?
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Life After Facing Cancer: Posttraumatic Growth, Meaning in Life and Life Satisfaction
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Examining whether spirituality predicts subjective well-being: How to avoid tautology.
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Spirituality and quality of life in women with breast cancer: The role of hope and educational attainment
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Religion, spirituality, and health outcomes in cancer: A case for a meta‐analytic investigation
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Exploring the relationship between spiritual well-being and quality of life among patients newly diagnosed with advanced cancer
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The Emperor's New Clothes: Spirituality. A Concept Based on Questionable Ontology and Circular Findings
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Effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction on somatic symptoms, distress, mindfulness and spiritual wellbeing in women with breast cancer: results of a randomized controlled trial
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The mediating role of spirituality (meaning, peace, faith) between psychological distress and mental adjustment in cancer patients
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Workplace Spirituality and Subjective Happiness Among High School Teachers: Gratitude As A Moderator
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Two years after cancer diagnosis, what is the relationship between health-related quality of life, coping strategies and spirituality?
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Fear of cancer recurrence and death anxiety: unaddressed concerns for adult neuro-oncology patients
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Adaptation to Physical Disabilities: The Role of Meaning in Life and Depression
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Racial/ethnic differences in spiritual well-being among cancer survivors
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Is spirituality related to survival in advanced cancer inpatients in Korea?
Shin, D. W., Suh, S., Kim, S., Park, J., Yoon, S., Kim, Y. J., Kang, B., Kwon, J. H., Park, Y., Park, K., et al. (2017) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951517001031 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Unmet supportive care needs among cancer patients: exploring cancer entity-specific needs and associated factors
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Effects of the Community-Based Wellspring Cancer Exercise Program on Functional and Psychosocial Outcomes in Cancer Survivors
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Workplace spirituality, psychological well-being and mediating role of subjective stress
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Moving inwards, moving outwards, moving upwards: the role of spirituality during the early stages of breast cancer
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Characteristics of Cancer Patients Presenting to an Integrative Medicine Practice-Based Research Network
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Role of religion, spirituality, and faith in assisted reproduction
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The role of religion and spirituality in cancer care: An umbrella review of the literature
Kelly, E. P., Paredes, A. Z., Tsilimigras, D. I., Hyer, J. M., & Pawlik, T. M. (2020) · Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.suronc.2020.05.004 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The assessment of spiritual well-being in cancer patients with advanced disease: which are its meaningful dimensions?
Rabitti, E., Cavuto, S., Iani, L., Ottonelli, S., Vincenzo, F. D., & Costantini, M. (2020) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/s12904-020-0534-2 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Case Study of a Chaplain's Spiritual Care for a Patient with Advanced Metastatic Breast Cancer
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Existential Well-Being and Meaning Making in the Context of Primary Brain Tumor: Conceptualization and Implications for Intervention
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Religion/spirituality and health in the context of cancer: Cross‐domain integration, unresolved issues, and future directions
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A Platform for Nursing Research on Spirituality and Religiosity
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Factors affecting spiritual care practices of oncology nurses: a qualitative study
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Spiritual wellbeing predicting depression: Is it relevant?
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The eCALM Trial: eTherapy for Cancer Applying Mindfulness. Exploratory Analyses of the Associations Between Online Mindfulness-Based Cancer Recovery Participation and Changes in Mood, Stress Symptoms, Mindfulness, Posttraumatic Growth, and Spirituality
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Religiousness/spirituality, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: Cultural integration for health research and intervention.
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Church attendance and CMV herpes virus latency among bereaved and non-bereaved adults.
Garcini, L. M., Stowe, R. P., Chirinos, D. A., Murdock, K. W., LeRoy, A. S., Chen, M. A., Zhang, J., & Fagundes, C. P. (2018) · Psychology of Religion and Spirituality · doi:10.1037/rel0000222 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Spiritual Well-Being, Depression, and Quality of Life Among Latina Breast Cancer Survivors
Garduño-Ortega, O., Morales-Cruz, J., Hunter-Hernández, M., Gany, F. M., & Costas-Muñíz, R. (2021) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-020-01147-9 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
On “spirituality,” “religion,” and “religions”: A concept analysis
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A person-centred approach in medicine to reduce the psychosocial and existential burden of chronic and life-threatening medical illness
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Rehabilitation of Adult Patients with Primary Brain Tumors: A Narrative Review
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Designing and Psychometric Evaluation of Adjustment to Illness Measurement Inventory for Iranian Women With Breast Cancer
Hajian, S., Mehrabi, E., Simbar, M., Houshyari, M., Zayeri, F., & Hajian, P. (2016) · Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.17795/ijcp-5461 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Caregiving experiences predict changes in spiritual well-being among family caregivers of cancer patients
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“Why me?” – women’s use of spiritual causal attributions in making sense of breast cancer
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Spiritual transformation after near-death experiences.
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Finding meaning in suffering?-Meaning making and psychological adjustment over the course of a breast cancer disease
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A Concept Analysis of Spiritual Health
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Associations between faith, distress and mental adjustment – a Danish survivorship study
Johannessen‐Henry, C. T., Deltour, I., Bidstrup, P. E., Dalton, S. O., & Johansen, C. (2012) · Acta Oncologica · doi:10.3109/0284186x.2012.744141 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Psychosocial factors as predictors of quality of life in chronic portuguese patients
Vilhena, E., Ribeiro, J. L. P., Silva, I., Pedro, L., Meneses, R. F., Cardoso, H., da Silva, A. M., & Mendonça, D. M. (2014) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-12-3 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The FACIT ‐Sp spiritual well‐being scale: an investigation of the dimensionality, reliability and construct validity in a cognitively intact nursing home population
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Spirituality in Arab Muslim Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Survivors
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Changes in spiritual well‐being and psychological outcomes in ovarian cancer survivors
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The roles of spirituality in the relationship between traumatic life events, mental health, and drug use among African American women from one southern state.
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Psychosocial Distress Due to Interference of Normal Developmental Milestones in AYAs with Cancer
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Spirituality is associated with better prostate cancer treatment decision making experiences
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How can existential or spiritual strengths be fostered in palliative care? An interpretative synthesis of recent literature
Haufe, M., Leget, C. J. W., Potma, M., & Teunissen, S. C. C. M. (2020) · BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care · doi:10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002379 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Prospective study of predictors for anxiety, depression, and somatization in a sample of 1807 cancer patients
Velasco-Durántez, V., Cruz‐Castellanos, P., Hernández, R., González, A. R., Montés, A. F., Gallego, A., Manzano, A., Sorribes, E., Zafra, M., Carmona‐Bayonas, A., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-53212-y · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Education Moderates the Relationship Between Spirituality with Quality of Life and Stress Among Malay Muslim Women with Breast Cancer
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‘Because Everybody is so Different’: a qualitative analysis of the lived experiences and information needs of rectal cancer survivors
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Religiöse/spirituelle Bedürfnisse und psychosoziale Belastung von Patienten mit malignem Melanom
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Spirituality in patients with advanced illness: The role of symptom control, resilience and social network
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Filipino Nurses’ Spirituality and Provision of Spiritual Nursing Care
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Italian validation of the Purpose In Life (PIL) test and the Seeking Of Noetic Goals (SONG) test in a population of cancer patients
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Fear of cancer recurrence in haematological cancer patients: exploring socio-demographic, psychological, existential and disease-related factors
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Spirituality, Meaning in Life, and Depressive Symptomatology in Individuals with Alcohol Dependence
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Spirituality and its relationship with positive adjustment following traumatic brain injury: a scoping review
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Longitudinal changes in spiritual well-being and associations with emotional distress, pain, and optimism–pessimism: a prospective observational study of terminal cancer patients admitted to a palliative care unit
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Existential Insights in Cancer: Meaning in Life Adaptability
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Seeking and experiencing meaning: Exploring the role of meaning in promoting mental adjustment and eudaimonic well-being in cancer patients
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Spirituality and the recovery of quality of life following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Leeson, L., Nelson, A. M., Rathouz, P. J., Juckett, M., Coe, C. L., Caes, E. W., & Costanzo, E. S. (2014) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000196 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
La place de la spiritualité dans les soins infirmiers : une revue de littérature
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Cancer Support and Resource Needs Among African American Older Adults
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The life in sight application study (LISA): design of a randomized controlled trial to assess the role of an assisted structured reflection on life events and ultimate life goals to improve quality of life of cancer patients
Kruizinga, R., Scherer‐Rath, M., Schilderman, J. B. A. M., Sprangers, M. A. G., & van Laarhoven, H. W. M. (2013) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/1471-2407-13-360 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Do religiosity and spirituality really matter for social, mental, and physical health?: A tale of two samples
Cragun, D. L., Cragun, R. T., Nathan, B., Sumerau, J. E., & Nowakowski, A. C. H. (2016) · Sociological Spectrum · doi:10.1080/02732173.2016.1198949 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The Effects of Spirituality and Religiosity on Well-Being of People With Cancer: A Literature Review on Current Evidences
Ahmadi, Z. S., Darabzadeh, F., Nasiri, M., & Askari, M. (2015) · Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care · doi:10.5812/jjcdc.28386 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Spiritual care by nurses in curative cancer care: Protocol for a national, multicentre, mixed method study
Groot, M. M., Ebenau, A. F., Koning, H., Visser, A., Leget, C. J. W., van Laarhoven, H. W. M., van Leeuwen, R., Ruben, R., Wulp, M., & Garssen, B. (2017) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.13332 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
Interconexão entre saúde, espiritualidade e religiosidade
Teixeira, M. Z. (2020) · Revista de Medicina · doi:10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v99i2p134-147 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

The Effects of Spirituality and Religiosity on Well-Being of People With Cancer: A Literature Review on Current Evidences
Ahmadi, Z. S., Darabzadeh, F., Nasiri, M., & Askari, M. (2015) · Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care · doi:10.5812/jjcdc.28386 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
A Systematic Review of Associations between Spiritual Well-Being and Quality of Life at the Scale and Factor Levels in Studies among Patients with Cancer
Bai, M.-Y., & Lazenby, M. (2015) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2014.0189 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Spirituality and adjustment to cancer
Visser, A. (2015) · Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Existential Well-Being
Visser, A., Garssen, B., & Vingerhoets, A. J. J. M. (2016) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000617 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citation
Published online 2015 April 20. Review Article The Effects of Spirituality and Religiosity on Well-Being of People With Cancer: A Literature Review on Current Evidences
Ahmadi, Z., Darabzadeh, F., Nasiri, M., & Askari, M. (2015)

Authors: Visser, A., Garssen, B., & Vingerhoets, A.
Affiliations: Helen Dowling Instituut (NL)
Tilburg University (NL)
Corresponding author: Visser, Anja
ORCID: Visser, Anja
Garssen, Bert
Vingerhoets, Ad
Venue: Psycho-Oncology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2009-11-13
Volume: 19
Issue: 6
Pages: 565-572
ISSN: 1057-9249 (ISSN-L)
1099-1611
DOI: 10.1002/pon.1626
OpenAlex: W2004366506
Cited by: 320
References: 83
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 1.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Psycho-Oncology (publishedVersion)
Research portal (Tilburg University) (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
Social Sciences › Demography › Workplace Spirituality and Leadership
Keywords: spirituality, emotional well-being, cancer patients, meaning in life, coping with cancer, religiosity, methodological limitations
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Mental Health, Neoplasms, Spirituality

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