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Oligopolistic reaction and multinational enterprise
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“Early progress in IB oligopoly theory has not been followed up (Rowthorn & Hymer, 1971; Knickerbocker, 1973; Graham, 1978).”
From The Internalization Theory of the Multinational Enterprise: Past, Present and Future (2020) · cites this paper as Knickerbocker, 1973
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Items 101–200 of 703
Foreign direct divestment theory : Is it the reverse of FDI theory?
Boddewyn, J. (1983) · Review of World Economics · doi:10.1007/bf02706431 · Cited by 118
Small Firms as International Players
Kohn, T. (1997) · doi:10.1023/a:1007999614414 · Cited by 117
Goerzen, A., & Makino, S. (2007) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400310 · Cited by 108
“…(1992) longitudinal analysis of the international behavior of 168 large service MNCs, clearly point to the conclusion that the international behavior of multinational service firms mirrors that of manufacturing firms as identified by Flowers (1976), Graham (1978), Knickerbocker (1973) and others.”
BackgroundThe internationalization process: Impact of competition and experience
Vahlne, J., & Nordström, K. (1993) · doi:10.1080/08853909308523778 · Cited by 116
Host country cultural influences on foreign direct investment
Bhardwaj, A., Dietz, J., & Beamish, P. W. (2007) · Management International Review · doi:10.1007/s11575-007-0003-7 · Cited by 102
The Internalization Theory of the Multinational Enterprise: Past, Present and Future
Buckley, P. J., & Casson, M. (2020) · British Journal of Management · doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12344 · Cited by 115
Zachary, M. A., Gianiodis, P. T., Payne, G. T., & Markman, G. (2015) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206314563982 · Cited by 114
“These authors also note that firms are more likely to enter an international market earlier when more competitors enter early, which is consistent with theories of imitation (Lieberman & Asaba, 2006) and bandwagon effects (Knickerbocker, 1973).”
BackgroundSocial ties and foreign market entry: An empirical inquiry
Zhao, H. J., & Hsu, C. (2007) · Management International Review · doi:10.1007/s11575-007-0054-9 · Cited by 93
Hahn, E. D., Doh, & Bunyaratavej, K. (2009) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/20650312 · Cited by 103
Ozawa, T. (1979) · Oxford Economic Papers · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a041438 · Cited by 110
Peer effects in decision-making: Evidence from corporate investment
Chen, S.-H., & Ma, H.-Q. (2017) · doi:10.1016/j.cjar.2016.11.002 · Cited by 108
Foreign Ownership and Long-term Survival
Kronborg, D., & Thomsen, S. (2009) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.986593 · Cited by 107
Venturing Abroad by Emerging Market Enterprises
Luo, Y., Zhao, H. J., Wang, Y., & Xi, Y. (2011) · Management International Review · doi:10.1007/s11575-011-0087-y · Cited by 95
“additionally, early studies on foreign market entry showed that host country market (industry) structure affected FDI inflows (Caves 1971; Knickerbocker 1973; Yu and i to 1988).”
BackgroundKotabe, M., Mol, M., & Ketkar, S. (2008) · Management International Review · doi:10.1007/s11575-008-0004-1 · Cited by 105
International Market Reentry: A Review and Research Framework
Javalgi, R. G., Deligonul, S. Z., Dixit, A., & Cavusgil, S. T. (2010) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2010.08.001 · Cited by 111
The Dynamics of Multimarket Competition in Exploration and Exploitation Activities
Anand, J., Mesquita, L., & Vassolo, R. (2009) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2009.43670897 · Cited by 104
Dumludag, D. (2007) · Journal of Business Economics and Management · doi:10.3846/1611-1699.2009.10.15-30 · Cited by 104
“Knickerbocker (1973) showed evidence that the timing of U.S. MNCs’ FDI is largely determined by their oligopolistic reaction “follow the leader” theory to competitors’ investment.”
BackgroundThe MNE as a portfolio: Interdependencies in MNE growth trajectory
Nachum, L., & Song, S. (2011) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2010.60 · Cited by 95
“…strands entail that the tendency of firms to follow their home-country competitors, and to locate in countries that are similar to their own, imply that firms of the same nationality are likely to follow similar internationalization patterns ( Johanson & Vahlne, 1977; Knickerbocker, 1973).”
Delios, A., Gaur, A. S., & Makino, S. (2007) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00742.x · Cited by 122
“Rivalries among firms that compete in the same country and industry typically emerge as the phenomenon of clustering, or bunching, in their decisions to enter a foreign market ( Knickerbocker, 1973; Yu and Ito, 1988).”
On the determinants of multinationals' ownership preferences: evidence from Greece and Portugal
Barbosa, N., & Louri, H. (2002) · doi:10.1016/s0167-7187(00)00102-8 · Cited by 101
International market selection strategies of manufacturing and services firms
Westhead, P., Wright, M., Ucbasaran, D., & Martin, F. (2001) · Entrepreneurship and Regional Development · doi:10.1080/089856201750046793 · Cited by 101
“Factors relating to market size, market growth, level of competition, servicing costs and the foreign countries’ social, political and economic environment are assumed to be systematically considered (Knickerbocker 1973, Root 1987, Papadopoulous and Denis 1988).”
BackgroundThe Challenge of Electronic Markets for International Business Theory
Dunning, J., & Wymbs, C. (2001) · International Journal of the Economics of Business · doi:10.1080/13571510110051432 · Cited by 100
Oxley, J., Sampson, R. C., & Silverman, B. (2009) · Management Sciences · doi:10.1287/mnsc.1090.1022 · Cited by 99
Business history and international business
Buckley, P. (2009) · Business History · doi:10.1080/00076790902871560 · Cited by 98
“Knickerbocker (1973) argued that oligopolists, wishing to avoid destructive competition, would normally follow each other into new and foreign markets to safeguard their own commercial interests.”
BackgroundGlobalisation and trends in international R+D alliances
Narula, R. (2003) · doi:10.26481/umamer.2003001 · Cited by 98
Internationalization of Small and Medium-Size Enterprises from Selected Central European Economies
Svetličić, M., Jaklič, A., & Burger, A. (2007) · Eastern European Economics · doi:10.2753/eee0012-8775450402 · Cited by 88
“To retain their market positions, they move in tandem (Knickerbocker 1973) and are likely to imitate their rivals’ moves to minimize risk and uncertainty.”
BackgroundWhitelock, J., & Jobber, D. (2004) · doi:10.1108/03090560410560182 · Cited by 96
Barnes, J., Kaplinsky, R., & Morris, M. (2004) · Competition & Change · doi:10.1080/1024529042000271416 · Cited by 95
“This was reminiscent of TNC positioning during the 1960s and 1970s (Knickerbocker 1973) and much FDI in Africa during the same period (Kilby 1969).”
BackgroundIncentive Bidding for Mobile Investment: Economic Consequences and Potential Responses
Charlton, A. H. (2003) · OECD Development Centre working papers · doi:10.1787/864178271805 · Cited by 95
“This process, labelled the “bandwagon effect” by Knickerbocker (1973) makes it easier for governments to attract investment if they have existing investors.”
BackgroundGlobal mind-sets and cognitive shift in a complex multinational corporation
Murtha, T. P., Lenway, S. A., & Bagozzi, R. P. (1998) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0266(199802)19:2 · Cited by 259
Managing valuable knowledge in weak IP protection countries
Berry, H. (2017) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/s41267-017-0072-1 · Cited by 93
“Thus, this measure reflects aggregate competitive pressures in a firm’s main industry from other MNCs, which will influence whether a firm needs to transfer its knowledge to foreign markets or not (Knickerbocker, 1973; Hennart & Park, 1994; Gimeno & Woo, 1999).”
BackgroundInternational market selection by business service firms: Key conceptual and methodological issues
O'Farrell, P., & Wood, P. R. H. (1994) · doi:10.1016/0969-5931(94)90004-3 · Cited by 92
Takele, Y., & Adeniyi-kie, A. (2013) · doi:10.19044/esj.2013.v9n7p%p · Cited by 91
Internalisation Theory and Outward Direct Investment by Emerging Market Multinationals
Buckley, P. J. (2017) · Management International Review · doi:10.1007/s11575-017-0320-4 · Cited by 104
“The coordinated nature of Chinese OFDI and the state-directed element is different from conventional capitalist FDI but the extent of this difference is mitigated by (1) normal exchange of information among companies and (2) the long remarked ‘bandwaggon’ and ‘follow my leader’ processes (Knickerbocker 1973).”
BackgroundInfluentialHutzschenreuter, T., & Grone, F. (2009) · doi:10.1108/sd.2010.05626dad.008 · Cited by 89
“Specifically targeting the home markets of the attacker with a parallel behavior rationale may allow MNEs to match the home-based location advantage of the competitor (Knickerbocker, 1973).”
BackgroundInfluentialInternational market selection and subsidiary performance: A neural network approach
Brouthers, L. E., Mukhopadhyay, S., Wilkinson, T. J., & Brouthers, K. D. (2008) · Journal of World Business · doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2008.08.004 · Cited by 86
Chung, W., & Song, J. (2004) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.331472 · Cited by 87
Kim, W. S., & Lyn, E. O. (1987) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490406 · Cited by 88
Multinational Corporations and the New International Division of Labor: A Critical Appraisal
Schoenberger, E. (1988) · International Regional Science Review · doi:10.1177/016001768801100201 · Cited by 86
Driving the electric bandwagon: The dynamics of incumbents' sustainable innovation
Bohnsack, R., Kolk, A., Pinkse, J., & Bidmon, C. M. (2020) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.2430 · Cited by 90
“Interestingly, due to “follow-the-leader” behaviour (Abrahamson & Rosenkopf, 1993; Knickerbocker, 1973), convergence in product innovation can even occur when the motives of rivals' moves are unclear to a company, as it may want to prevent competitors from gaining undue advantage (Chen & MacMillan,…”
BackgroundStephan, J., Murmann, J., Boeker, W., & Goodstein, J. D. (2003) · Organ. Sci. · doi:10.1287/orsc.14.4.403.17484 · Cited by 82
“Knickerbocker (1973) and Tsurumi (1976) both suggested that in the context of entry decisions firms “follow the leader” and imitate the actions of their rivals.”
BackgroundMadhok, A. (1996) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/0969-5931(96)00017-0 · Cited by 82
“A third stream of work places a central emphasis on the competitive dynamics among firms in informing their entry decisions (Porter and Fuller, 1986; Knickerbocker, 1973; Graham, 1974).”
BackgroundReflections on the Hymer thesis and the multinational enterprise
Teece, D. J. (2006) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2005.11.003 · Cited by 87
Foreign Direct Investment Location Strategies in the Tire Industry
Ito, K., & Rose, E. L. (2002) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8491034 · Cited by 75
Multinationals and market structure in an open developing economy: The case of Malaysia
Lall, S. (1979) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-05228-8_3 · Cited by 79
The peer-firm effect on firm’s investment decisions
Park, K., Yang, I., & Yang, T. (2017) · doi:10.1016/j.najef.2017.03.001 · Cited by 78
Belderbos, R., Tong, T. W., & Wu, S.-B. (2018) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2969 · Cited by 76
“we do not find a measureable effect of competition that may hamper growth option value, as shown by an insignificant coefficient on the Herfindahl index of the focal firm’s home industry (Knickerbocker, 1973), or the number of Japanese manufacturing affiliates in the”
BackgroundFranko, L. (1989) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490349 · Cited by 76
Sovereignty at Bay ten years after
Vernon, R. (1981) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818300032562 · Cited by 76
Determinant factors of foreign direct investment: some empirical evidence
Galan, J. I., & González-Benito, J. (2001) · doi:10.1108/eum0000000005795 · Cited by 75
The restructuring of the Indian automobile industry: Indian state and Japanese capital
D'Costa, A. (1995) · doi:10.1016/0305-750x(94)00135-l · Cited by 75
Revisiting oligopolistic reaction: are decisions on foreign direct investment strategic complements?
Head, K., Mayer, T., & Ries, J. (2002) · doi:10.1111/j.1430-9134.2002.00453.x · Cited by 74
“We construct our model to reflect key features of Knickerbocker’s (1973) argument.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialChabowski, B. R., Hult, G. T. M., Kiyak, T., & Mena, J. A. (2009) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2009.83 · Cited by 62
Investment in Familiar Territory: Tourism and New Foreign Direct Investment
Sanford, D. M., & Dong, H.-P. (2000) · doi:10.5367/000000000101297596 · Cited by 73
Global sourcing - an indispensable element in worldwide competition
Arnold, U. (1989) · doi:10.18419/opus-8323 · Cited by 73
“The "oligopolistic" approach, which was developed from Knickerbocker's research on foreign investment, also provides a plausible explanation for the above findings (Knickerbocker, 1973).”
ResultFDI in Sub-Saharan Africa: A longitudinal perspective on location-specific factors (2003–2010)
Bartels, F. L., Napolitano, F., & Tissi, N. (2014) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2013.08.013 · Cited by 72
Multinationals and global climate change: issues for the automotive and oil industries
Kolk, A., & Levy, D. L. (2003) · doi:10.1016/s1064-4857(03)09008-9 · Cited by 72
Foreign expansion of small firms
Chen, R., & Martin, M. J. (2001) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/s0883-9026(99)00058-0 · Cited by 62
Lehrer, M., & Asakawa, K. (1999) · Journal of World Business · doi:10.1016/s1090-9516(99)00019-x · Cited by 74
Competitive Advantage in International Services: A Resource-Based View
Fahy, J. (1996) · International Studies of Management and Organization · doi:10.1080/00208825.1996.11656679 · Cited by 62
Performance Following Changes of International Presence in Domestic and Transition Industries
Mitchell, W., Shaver, J., & Yeung, B. (1993) · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490249 · Cited by 70
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Global Economy
Acs, Z., & Yeung, B. (1999) · doi:10.3998/mpub.16231 · Cited by 70
How firms grow: clustering as a dynamic model of internationalization
Maitland, E., Rose, E. L., & Nicholas, S. (2005) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400140 · Cited by 62
Re-thinking country risk: insights from entrepreneurship theory
Gregorio, D. D. (2005) · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2004.04.009 · Cited by 69
Multinationality Matters in Innovation: The Case of the UK Financial Services
Frenz, M., Girardone, C., & Ietto-Gillies, G. (2005) · doi:10.1080/1366271042000339067 · Cited by 69
“countries which are innovation and technology intensive is likely to have a positive effect on the company‟s innovative capacity (Knickerbocker, 1973; Dunning, 1977; Gupta and Govindarajan, 2000).”
BackgroundA coevolutionary theory of the multinational firm
Madhok, A., & Liu, C. (2006) · Journal of International Management · doi:10.1016/j.intman.2006.01.001 · Cited by 68
“We go beyond extant research conceptualizing the MNC as the outcome of internalization drivers and mechanisms (Buckley and Casson, 1976), which neglects the constantly changing dynamics within the MNC, or conceptualizing it more through a configurational lens, such as strategic flexibility and options (Kogut, 1985), s…”
BackgroundMultinational Corporations and Local Firms in Emerging Economies
Rugraff, É., Cahen, J., de Haan, I., & Hansen, M. W. (2011) · Amsterdam University Press eBooks · doi:10.5117/9789089642943 · Cited by 31
Fabian, F., Molina, H., & Labianca, G. (2009) · Management International Review · doi:10.1007/s11575-009-0007-6 · Cited by 58
Exploring managerial behavior in small international firms
Andersson, S., & Florén, H. (2008) · Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development · doi:10.1108/14626000810850838 · Cited by 71
Where Has All The Foreign Investment Gone In Russia
Recanatini, F., & Broadman, H. (2001) · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-2640 · Cited by 65
“14 Knickerbocker (1973).”
Foreign banking presence and banking market concentration: The case of Indonesia
Cho, K. (1990) · doi:10.1080/00220389008422185 · Cited by 65
Sovereignty en garde: negotiating with foreign investors
Encarnation, D. J., & Wells, L. T. (1985) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818300004860 · Cited by 65
Strategic investments by US firms in transition economies
Paul, D. L., & Wooster, R. B. (2008) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.871223 · Cited by 64
“From an industrial organization perspective, firms in highly concentrated industries are more likely to expand and compete for market share in international markets (Knickerbocker, 1973). Kogut and Chang (1991) and Yu and Ito (1988) conclude that expansion into foreign markets by Japanese firms is positively related t…”
InfluentialWhy is Property Right Protection Lacking in China? An Institutional Explanation
Li, S. (2004) · California Management Review · doi:10.2307/41166223 · Cited by 57
Multinationals and market structure in Mexico
Blomstrom, M. (1986) · World Development · doi:10.1016/0305-750x(86)90067-7 · Cited by 64
Guillen, M. F., & Canal, E. G. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511777707 · Cited by 54
Strategic ambidexterity and its performance implications for emerging economies multinationals
Khan, Z., Amankwah‐Amoah, J., Lew, Y. K., Puthusserry, P. N., & Czinkota, M. (2020) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2020.101762 · Cited by 68
“The traditional IB and management literature has focused on the geographical diversification of MNEs, theoretically drawing on from oligopolistic MNE behaviors and market power (Knickerbocker, 1973), internalization (Buckly & Casson, 1976), and the”
BackgroundInternational Market Entry: Does the Home Country Affect Entry-Mode Decisions?
Mayrhofer, U. (2004) · Journal of International Marketing · doi:10.1509/jimk.12.4.71.53211 · Cited by 56
“As Knickerbocker (1973) demonstrates, foreign investment strategies can be influenced by the moves undertaken by rivals.”
BackgroundGlobal Sourcing and Foreign Knowledge Seeking
Berry, H., & Kaul, A. (2015) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2014.2036 · Cited by 63
“Both instruments thus capture the impact of competition on a firm’s decision to undertake foreign R&D, with the expectation that firms will be driven to invest in foreign knowledge seeking in order to maintain competitive parity (Knickerbocker 1973, Hennart and Park 1994, Alcácer 2006).”
BackgroundFirm growth patterns: examining the associations with firm size and internationalization.
Park, K., & Jang, S. (2010) · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2009.10.026 · Cited by 60
Competitive interactions: the international investment patterns of Japanese automobile manufacturers
Rose, E. L., & Ito, K. (2008) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400391 · Cited by 71
“The FDI literature provides some empirical evidence of oligopolistic reaction (Ball & Tschoegl, 1982; Flowers, 1976; Ito & Rose, 2002; Knickerbocker, 1973; Yu & Ito, 1988).”
BackgroundResultSharapov, D., & Ross, J. (2019) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.3120 · Cited by 59
Der Wettbewerb auf globalen Märkten: Ein Rahmenkonzept
Porter, M. (1989) · doi:10.1007/978-3-322-91343-2_2 · Cited by 59
Problems of foreign subsidiaries of SMEs compared with large companies
Vachani, S. (2005) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2005.03.002 · Cited by 56
Bitzenis, A., Tsitouras, A., & Vlachos, V. (2009) · The Journal of Socio-Economics · doi:10.1016/j.socec.2009.03.001 · Cited by 57
Location Choices of Multinational Firms: the case of Mergers and AcquisitionsPreprint
Bertrand, O., Mucchielli, J.-L., & Zitouna, H. (2007) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.556206 · Cited by 57
“By investing abroad, firms may be willing to prevent any competitive advantage to the leader in the host country (Knickerbocker, 1973).”
BackgroundCurrent Operational Practices of U.S. Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Europe
Prater, E. L., & Ghosh, S. (2005) · Journal of Small Business Management · doi:10.1111/j.1540-627x.2005.00131.x · Cited by 53
“On the other hand, the core of the Oligopolistic Theory (Knickerbocker 1973) is risk reduction.”
BackgroundBrand strategies of Western MNCs as drivers of globalization in Central and Eastern Europe
Schuh, A. (2007) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/03090560710728336 · Cited by 56
“Their collective (oligopolistic) parallel behavior leads to the reproduction of their Western home market structures in the emerging markets of the world – a phenomenon already well explained by Knickerbocker (1973)”
BackgroundA comparative model of firm size and the global operational dynamics of U.S. firms in Europe
Prater, E., & Ghosh, S. (2006) · doi:10.1016/j.jom.2005.08.002 · Cited by 55
Wang, L., & Gao, Y. (2020) · Long range planning · doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2020.102052 · Cited by 54
“Meanwhile, many firms become aware of foreign markets by observing the internationalization footprint of industry rivals (Knickerbocker, 1973).”
BackgroundAgenda Setting and Bargaining Power: The Mexican State Versus Transnational Automobile Corporations
Bennett, D. C., & Sharpe, K. (1979) · World Politics · doi:10.2307/2010082 · Cited by 54
Letter from the Editor-in-Chief: Time in international business
Eden, L. (2009) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2009.5 · Cited by 51
“In terms of followers, Knickerbocker (1973) was perhaps the first to explore how firm rivalry at home could lead to bunching of FDI as firms followed the industry leader abroad.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Sequence of Operational Modes Used by Finnish Investors in Germany
Björkman, I., & Eklund, M. (1996) · Journal of International Marketing · doi:10.1177/1069031x9600400104 · Cited by 53
The Structure of Competition: How Competition Between One's Rivals Influences Imitative Market Entry
Hsieh, K.-Y., & Vermeulen, F. (2014) · Organ. Sci. · doi:10.1287/orsc.2013.0832 · Cited by 52
Information-signaling and competitive effects of foreign acquisitions in the US
Akhigbe, A., & Martin, A. D. (2000) · Journal of Banking & Finance · doi:10.1016/s0378-4266(99)00074-6 · Cited by 50
Cheng, H., Wang, Z.-Q., Peng, D., & Kong, Q.-X. (2020) · doi:10.1016/j.iref.2020.01.008 · Cited by 51
Strategy development in international markets: a two tier approach
Solberg, C., & Durrieu, F. (2008) · International Marketing Review · doi:10.1108/02651330810904071 · Cited by 51
“In fact, it has been observed that follower firms adopt the same entry mode strategy as the first mover when entering foreign markets (Knickerbrocker, 1973).”
BackgroundHoskisson, R. E., Kim, H., White, R. E., & Tihanyi, L. (2004) · Advances in international management · doi:10.1016/s0747-7929(04)16008-3 · Cited by 47
Japanese multinationals in Asia: Drivers and attractors
Mody, A., Dasgupta, S., & Sinha, S. (1999) · doi:10.1080/13600819908424171 · Cited by 51
“The increasing use of advanced technologies and the importance 5 of continuing innovations in organizational processes require a labour force of high quality, or at least an industrially literate labour force capable of learning.”
BackgroundDoes Foreign Direct Investment Enhance Economic Growth? Evidence from 30 Leading Global Economies
Okwu, A., Oseni, I., & Obiakor, R. (2020) · Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies · doi:10.1177/0974910120919042 · Cited by 50
“…the framework of market size, currency areas, oligopolistic reaction function, ownership and locational advantage, extent of financial market development, and institutional quality and macroeconomic conditions (Jorgenson, 1963; Aliber, 1970; Knickerbocker, 1973; Dunning, 1973; Denisia, 2010).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Knickerbocker, F. T.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Knickerbocker, Frederick T.
- Venue
- The International Executive
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1973-03
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 7-9
- ISSN
- 0020-6652 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-709X
- OpenAlex
- W4292490918
- Cited by
- 747
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 18.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The International Executive (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › International Business and FDI
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Merger and Competition Analysis
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Business Strategy and Innovation
- Keywords
- oligopoly, multinational corporations, international business strategy, market competition
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