Cited by 87Animal Behavior and Welfare StudiesWildlife Ecology and ConservationPrimate Behavior and Ecology

Effect of housing and environmental enrichment on adrenocortical activity, behavior and reproductive cyclicity in the female tigrina ( Leopardus tigrinus ) and margay ( Leopardus wiedii )

Moreira, Nei, Brown, J.L., Moraes, W., Swanson, W.F., Monteiro‐Filho, E.L.A.·2007·Zoo Biology

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different captive housing conditions on reproductive cyclicity and adrenocortical activity in adult females of two small-sized felid species, the tigrina (Leopardus tigrinus; n = 3) and margay (Leopardus wiedii; n = 2). Females were housed as singletons and subjected to three enclosure conditions over successive time periods: Phase I-large, enriched enclosures for 3 months; Phase II-small, empty enclosures for 5.5 months; Phase III-the same small enclosures enriched with branches and nest boxes for 6.5 months. Fecal samples were collected five times weekly throughout the study for analysis of progestagen, estrogen, and corticoid metabolites. On the basis of observed behaviors, stereotypic pacing was more frequent before feeding for all cats, regardless of enclosure conditions. Both species displayed a bimodal activity pattern, with peaks occurring at nightfall and dawn. All animals exhibited agitated behavior, characterized by a high frequency and duration of stereotypic pacing, primarily during the first 3 days after moving to the small empty enclosures. On the basis of hormonal analyses, ovarian follicular activity decreased and corticoid concentrations increased in tigrinas after transfer to the small barren cages compared to the patterns observed in the initial large, enriched enclosures. Corticoid concentrations in tigrinas then declined after small cage enrichment. Margay females exhibited increased corticoid ex…

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Crossref · 10.1002/zoo.20139

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  • Reductions in both size and complexity of the captive environment can restrict the diversity and flexibility of animal behavior.

    “Reductions in both size (Veasey et al., 1996) and complexity (Moreira et al., 2007) of the captive environment can restrict the diversity and flexibility of animal behavior (Melfi and Feistner, 2002).”

    From Husbandry and enclosure influences on penguin behavior and conservation breeding (2016) · cites this paper as Moreira et al., 2007

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Authors
Moreira, N., Brown, J. L., Moraes, W., Swanson, W. F., & Monteiro‐Filho, E. L. A.
Affiliations
  • Universidade Federal do Paraná (BR)
  • Smithsonian Institution (US)
  • Itaipu Binacional (BR)
  • Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden (US)
Corresponding author
Moreira, Nei
Venue
Zoo Biology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2007-09-06
Volume
26
Issue
6
Pages
441-460
ISSN
  • 0733-3188 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-2361
OpenAlex
W2056464578
Cited by
87
References
58
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
FWCI
4.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Zoo Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Smithsonian Digital Repository (Smithsonian Institution) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
Keywords
Leopardus tigrinus, margay, Leopardus wiedii, captive felids, environmental enrichment, enclosure size, adrenocortical function, reproductive cyclicity, ovarian follicular activity, agitation, species differences, zoo animal husbandry

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