Measuring zoo animal welfare: theory and practice
Abstract
The assessment of animal welfare relates to investigations of how animals try to cope with their environment, and how easy or how difficult it is for them to do so. The use of rigorous scientific methods to assess this has grown over the past few decades, and so our understanding of the needs of animals has improved during this time. Much of the work in the field of animal welfare has been conducted on farm animals, but it is important to consider how the methods and approaches used in assessing farm animal welfare have been, and can be, adapted and applied to the measurement of welfare in animals in other domains, such as in zoos. This is beneficial to our understanding of both the theoretical knowledge, and the practicability of methods. In this article, some of the commonly-used methods for measuring animal welfare will be discussed, as well as some practical considerations in assessing the welfare of zoo animals.
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Denying elephants freedoms can result in maladaptation, chronic stress, poor welfare, and abnormal stereotypic behaviors.
“Denying these freedoms can result in maladaptation, chronic stress, poor welfare (32, 33), and abnormal stereotypic behaviors (34, 35).”
From Comparison of animal welfare assessment tools and methodologies: need for an effective approach for captive elephants in Asia (2024) · cites this paper as [33]
Some species do not demonstrate overt behavioral responses to stress, and hence an absence of abnormalities does not necessarily indicate a suitable environment.
“However, some species do not demonstrate overt behavioral responses to stress, and hence an absence of abnormalities does not necessarily indicate a suitable environment (Hill and Broom, 2009).”
From Husbandry and enclosure influences on penguin behavior and conservation breeding (2016) · cites this paper as Hill and Broom, 2009
Two individuals of the same species housed in the same environment and provided with the same husbandry will not necessarily perceive the environment in the same way and may have very different welfare outcomes.
“two individuals of the same species housed in the same environment and provided with the same husbandry will not necessarily perceive the environment in the same way and, as a result, may have very different welfare outcomes [124,125,126].”
From The visitor effect on zoo animals: implications and opportunities for zoo animal welfare (2019) · cites this paper as [125]
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- Authors
- Hill, S. P., & Broom, D. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hill, Sonya P.
- ORCID
- Broom, Donald M.
- Venue
- Zoo Biology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-10-08
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 531-544
- ISSN
- 0733-3188 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-2361
- OpenAlex
- W2041861293
- Cited by
- 252
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Zoo Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Keywords
- zoo animal welfare, animal welfare assessment, captive animals, animal needs, zoo animal husbandry
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animal Welfare, Animals, Zoo, Behavior, Animal, Health Status, Monitoring, Physiologic
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