Shift Related Dietary Intake in Day and Shift Workers
Abstract
To study the impact of work hours on eating habits the dietary intake of 96 male industrial workers on day work and two- and three-shift work was investigated using repeated 24 h recall. The intake of energy, 14 nutrients, and coffee and tea was computed, using a nutrient data base, for 8 h work and shifts (day, morning, afternoon, night) and for the 24-h periods including these work shifts. No changes in intake of energy, nutrients and coffee/tea were observed between 8 h morning and afternoon shifts, but there was a reduction in intake during 8 h night shifts. Night shift work caused a redistribution of food and coffee intake, but not an overall 24 h reduction. On the whole, the energy-intake and the quality of food intake (percentages of energy from macronutrients and density of micronutrients) were not affected by shift work, although the intake of carbohydrates was lower in day- and three-shift workers during days off. The intake of alcohol was higher during days off in all groups. In summary, two- and three-shift work in this study affected the circadian distribution of food intakes and coffee consumption, but not the overall 24-h consumption.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Shift workers have an increased risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, CVD and the metabolic syndrome.
“It is known that shift workers have an increased risk of chronic diseases such as cancer (11) , CVD and the metabolic syndrome (12) .”
From Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention studies (2016) · cites this paper as [11]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rotating Night Shift Work and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Two Prospective Cohort Studies in Women
Pan, A., Schernhammer, E. S., Sun, Q., & Hu, F. B. (2011) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001141 · Cited by 805 · see citing works
“However, our study and previous studies showed only small differences in nutritional intake and eating patterns between daytime and shift workers [18]–[20], although shifting the time of food intake may influence the postprandial glucose and insulin levels [21],[22], and increase body mass [23].”
ResultShift work and cardiovascular disease – pathways from circadian stress to morbidity
Puttonen, S., Härmä, M., & Hublin, C. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.2894 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
“In a Swedish study, Lennernäs et al (54) found that working two and three shifts affected the circadian distribution of food and coffee consumption but not the overall 24-hour consumption.”
BackgroundEffect of ambience on food intake and food choice
Stroebele, N., & De Castro, J. M. (2004) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2004.05.012 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Obesity and shift work: chronobiological aspects
Antunes, L. C., Levandovski, R., Dantas, G., Caumo, W., & Hidalgo, M. P. (2010) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s0954422410000016 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
“Some studies suggest indirectly that the metabolic efficiency of the diet is different depending on the time that food is eaten (38,40–55) .”
Eating and shift work - effects on habits, metabolism and performance
Lowden, A., Moreno, C., Holmbäck, U., Lennernäs, M., & Tucker, P. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.2898 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
“Lennernäs, et al, 1995 (29) Interview, 24-h recall M/A/N ≈1 week 25–55 100 Time trend 59 37 Total energy, macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, nutrient density, energy density, meal times Yes Yes No → Total energy intake M/A/N; ↓ energy during N”
BackgroundSelf-citationDi Lorenzo, L., De Pergola, G., Zocchetti, C., L'Abbate, N., Basso, A., Pannacciulli, N., Cignarelli, M., Giorgino, R., & Soleo, L. (2003) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802419 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Colles, S. L., Dixon, J. B., & O'Brien, P. E. (2007) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803664 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Salgado-Delgado, R., Angeles-Castellanos, M., Saderi, N., Buijs, R. M., & Escobar, C. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-0864 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Relationships between sleep, physical activity and human health
Atkinson, G., & Davenne, D. (2007) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.09.015 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
A longitudinal study on the effect of shift work on weight gain in male Japanese workers.
Suwazono, Y., Dochi, M., Sakata, K., Okubo, Y., Oishi, M., Tanaka, K., Kobayashi, E., Kido, T., & Nogawa, K. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.298 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Feeding Rhythms and the Circadian Regulation of Metabolism
Pickel, L., & Sung, H. (2020) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.00039 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
“During nightshifts meals are spread out over the 24 h period, as compared to dayshift or off days where the fasting window generally approximates sleep time (65, 67).”
BackgroundExercise, Energy Balance and the Shift Worker
Atkinson, G., Fullick, S., Grindey, C., & MacLaren, D. P. M. (2008) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200838080-00005 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
“It can be concluded from these data that, while total energy intake and composition is little affected by shift working over a 24 hr period, meal frequency is reduced but the prevalence of high-energy snacking is increased on the particular shift that is worked [25, 26, 27].”
BackgroundLiu, Q., Shi, J., Duan, P., Liu, B., Li, T., Wang, C., Li, H., Yang, T., Gan, Y., Wang, X., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyy079 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Dimensions of everyday eating and drinking episodes
Bisogni, C. A., Falk, L. W., Madore, E., Blake, C. E., Jastran, M., Sobal, J., & Devine, C. M. (2007) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2006.09.004 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
“These findings are linked to studies of how stress influences eating (e.g. Lennernas et al., 1995; Polivy & Herman, 1999; Wardle & Gibson, 2002; Weinstein, Shide, & Rolls, 1997).”
BackgroundThe effects of shift work on body weight change − a systematic review of longitudinal studies
van Drongelen, A., Boot, C., Merkus, S., Smid, T., & Beek, A. J. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.3143 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Effect of shift work on body mass index and metabolic parameters
Morikawa, Y., Nakagawa, H., Miura, K., Soyama, Y., Ishizaki, M., Kido, T., Naruse, Y., Suwazono, Y., & Nogawa, K. (2007) · Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.1063 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Shift work and age as interactive predictors of body mass index among offshore workers
Parkes, K. R. (2002) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.648 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
“Other recent evidence suggests that shiftworkers take smaller amounts of energy and nutrients than day workers (13), although findings demonstrating changes in the circadian distribution of food intake, but not in total 24hour consumption, have also been reported (14).”
BackgroundBarclay, J. L., Shostak, A., Leliavski, A., Tsang, A. H., Jöhren, O., Müller-Fielitz, H., Landgraf, D., Naujokat, N., van der Horst, G. T. J., & Oster, H. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00512.2012 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Measurement of, and Some Reasons for, Differences in Eating Habits Between Night and Day Workers
Waterhouse, J. M., Buckley, P., Edwards, B., & Reilly, T. P. (2003) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1081/cbi-120025536 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
“…findings agree with the literature that night workers alter the timing and type of food they eat during the night shift, and that there are differences from the pattern found in day work (Krauchi et al., 1990; Lennernas et al., 1995; Nikolova et al., 1990; Reinberg et al., 1979; Tepas, 1990).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThe trouble with circadian clock dysfunction: Multiple deleterious effects on the brain and body
Zelinski, E. L., Deibel, S. H., & McDonald, R. J. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.01.007 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Shift work and cardiovascular risk factors: New knowledge from the past decade
Esquirol, Y., Perret, B., Ruidavets, J. B., Marquié, J. C., Diène, E., Niezborala, M., & Ferrières, J. (2011) · Archives of cardiovascular diseases · doi:10.1016/j.acvd.2011.09.004 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Altered sleep–wake cycles and food intake: The Ramadan model
Reilly, T., & Waterhouse, J. M. (2006) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.09.004 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
“[38] wondered if there was a link between the amount of glucose ingested at night and one of the cholesterol fractions (in nonMuslim night-workers), and this was a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity.”
BackgroundEnergy intake of shift workers compared to fixed day workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Bonham, M. P., Bonnell, E., & Huggins, C. E. (2016) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2016.1192188 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
“As shift work determines irregular nutrition habits, the quality, as well as quantity, of food consumed by shift workers can impact their health (Lennernäs et al., 1995).”
BackgroundThe factors influencing the eating behaviour of shiftworkers: what, when, where and why
Gupta, C. C., Coates, A. M., Dorrian, J., & Banks, S. (2018) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2018-0147 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Dietary and lifestyle habits and the associated health risks in shift workers
Nea, F. M., Kearney, J. M., Livingstone, M. B. E., Pourshahidi, L. K., & Corish, C. A. (2015) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s095442241500013x · Cited by 144 · see citing works
“(1995)((15)) Male 96 (including 59 shift workers) Length of a work cycle, including all types of work-days and days off Mixed Interviewer assisted 24 h recall TE, macroN, vitamins, minerals, meal timing Decreased EI on night shift”
BackgroundWong, H. S. S., Wong, M. C. S., Wong, S. Y. S., & Lee, A. (2010) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.01.001 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
“Meal frequency could be reduced and the prevalence of high-energy snacking might be increased during the shift duties (De Assis et al., 2003; Lennernas et al., 1995).”
BackgroundAl-Naimi, S., Hampton, S. M., Richard, P., Tzung, C., & Morgan, L. M. (2004) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1081/cbi-200037171 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
“While dietary energy and macronutrient intake is generally not affected by shift work, a temporal redistribution of food intake does occur (Lennernas et al., 1995).”
BackgroundPot, G. K., Almoosawi, S., & Stephen, A. M. (2016) · Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665116000239 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
“A study in ninety-six male Swedish industrial workers found that energy intake and quality of food were not affected by shift work, but that the circadian distribution of food changed and coffee consumption increased((24)).”
BackgroundMetabolic syndrome and shift work: a systematic review
Canuto, R., Garcez, A. S., & Olinto, M. T. A. (2013) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2012.10.004 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Circadian Aspects of Postprandial Metabolism
Morgan, L., Hampton, S. M., Gibbs, M. A., & Arendt, J. (2003) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1081/cbi-120024218 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Ekmekçioğlu, C., & Touitou, Y. (2010) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2010.00716.x · Cited by 122 · see citing works
“Furthermore it was shown that shift workers tend to consume diets with a high fat amount (75).”
BackgroundThe impact of shift work on people's daily health habits and adverse health outcomes.
Zhao, I., & Turner, C. T. (2008) · Australian journal of advanced nursing · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Evaluation of the Effects of Shift Work on Nutrient Intake: A Cross‐sectional Study
Morikawa, Y., Miura, K., Sasaki, S., Yoshita, K., Yoneyama, S., Sakurai, M., Ishizaki, M., Kido, T., Naruse, Y., Suwazono, Y., et al. (2008) · Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.1539/joh.l7116 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Night eating and nocturnal eating—two different or similar syndromes among obese patients?
BJÖRK, C. C., Andersson, I., & Rössner, S. (2001) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801552 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Timing of food intake during simulated night shift impacts glucose metabolism: A controlled study
Grant, C. L., Coates, A. M., Dorrian, J., Kennaway, D. J., Wittert, G., Heilbronn, L. K., Pajcin, M., Vedova, C. B. D., Gupta, C. C., & Banks, S. (2017) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2017.1335318 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“Many night workers, for example, eat meals and snacks throughout the night (Lennernäs et al., 1995).”
BackgroundFood and nutrient intake among workers with different shift systems
Hemiö, K., Puttonen, S., Viitasalo, K., Härmä, M., Peltonen, M., & Lindström, J. (2015) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2014-102624 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Stress, shift duty, and eating behavior among nurses in Central Saudi Arabia
Almajwal, A. M. (2016) · Saudi Medical Journal · doi:10.15537/smj.2016.2.13060 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Diet quality and sleep quality among day and night shift nurses
Beebe, D., Chang, J. J., Kress, K. S., & Mattfeldt-Beman, M. (2017) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.12492 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Nutrient intake among female shift workers in a computer factory in Japan
N. Sudo, R. O. (2001) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/09637480120057530 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“…overall similarities in nutrient intakes between daytime workers and shift workers were supported by several other studies (Reinberg et al., 1979; Lennernäs et al., 1995), but such similarities have been questioned because of shift workers’ unique daily activity pattern, particularly sleep…”
ResultDochi, M., Suwazono, Y., Sakata, K., Okubo, Y., Oishi, M., Tanaka, K., Kobayashi, E., & Nogawa, K. (2009) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.2008.042176 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“29 In our study, we did not include the number of meals or daily food intake in the statistical model, as this information was not recorded at the beginning of the observation period.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe influence of sleep and sleep loss upon food intake and metabolism
Crispim, C. A., Zimberg, I. Z., Dattilo, M., Padilha, H. G., Edwards, B., Waterhouse, J. M., Tufik, S., & de Mello, M. T. (2007) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s0954422407810651 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Occupational Factors and 5-Year Weight Change Among Men in a Danish National Cohort.
Hannerz, H., Albertsen, K., Nielsen, M. L., Tüchsen, F., & Burr, H. (2004) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.23.3.283 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Virkkunen, H., Härmä, M., Kauppinen, T. P., & Tenkanen, L. (2006) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.2005.022558 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Timing of meals: when is as critical as what and how much
Jiang, P., & Turek, F. W. (2017) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00295.2016 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“It is typical for shift workers to have a significant amount of food intake during the wake-work phase when normally a person would be at sleep-rest (48, 53).”
BackgroundNurses' mental health and patient safety: An extension of the Job Demands–Resources model
Cheng, H. L., Yang, H. L., Ding, Y., & Wang, B. (2020) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.12971 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Temporal pattern of eating in night shift workers
Shaw, E., Dorrian, J., Coates, A. M., Leung, G. K. W., Davis, R., Rosbotham, E. J., Warnock, R., Huggins, C. E., & Bonham, M. P. (2019) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2019.1660358 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“Assumptions have typically been made that a shift work diet may be nutritionally poor (Lennernäs et al. 1995).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialChung, N., Bin, Y. S., Cistulli, P. A., & Chow, C. M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17082677 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Methamphetamine attenuates disruptions in performance and mood during simulated night-shift work
Hart, C. L., Ward, A. S., Haney, M., Nasser, J. A., & Foltin, R. W. (2003) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1464-4 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Consistent with previous studies, total caloric intake was not altered significantly as a function of shift condition (Romon et al. 1992; Lennernas et al. 1995 ).”
Orth‐Gomér, K., Albus, C., Bagés, N., DeBacker, G., Deter, H., Herrmann‐Lingen, C., Oldenburg, B. F., Sans, S., Williams, R. B., & Schneiderman, N. (2005) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm1203_2 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“Mechanisms may involve poor nutritional habits during night work ( Lennernas, Hambraeus, & Akerstedt, 1995 ) but also violation of sleep wakefulness and endogenous rhythms, which may lead to autonomic dysfunction with decreased heart rate variability, a marker for poor prognosis in cardiac patients (Furlan et al., 200…”
BackgroundThe impact of meal timing on cardiometabolic syndrome indicators in shift workers
Molzof, H. E., Wirth, M. D., Burch, J. B., Shivappa, N., Hébert, J. R., Johnson, R. L., & Gamble, K. L. (2017) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2016.1259242 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Circadian regulation of appetite and time restricted feeding
Page, A. J., Christie, S., Symonds, E. L., & Li, H. (2020) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112873 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
GRANT, C. L., Dorrian, J., Coates, A. M., Pajcin, M., Kennaway, D. J., Wittert, G., Heilbronn, L. K., Vedova, C. B. D., Gupta, C. C., & Banks, S. (2017) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2017-0047 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Guerrero‐Vargas, N. N., Guzmán‐Ruiz, M. A., Fuentes, R., García, J., Salgado‐Delgado, R., Basualdo, M. D. C., Escobar, C., Markus, R. P., & Buijs, R. M. (2015) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730415586482 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“The observed effects of mistimed food intake on the inflammatory response have important implications for human health, since altered feeding schedules have been reported in shift workers (de Assis et al., 2003; Lennernas et al., 1995; Pasqua and Moreno, 2004).”
BackgroundQanash, S. A., Alwafi, H. H., Barasheed, S., Bashnaini, S., Andergiri, R., Yaghmour, L., Murad, W., Shabrawishi, M., Naser, A. Y., & Alsywid, B. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046036 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Lassen, A. D., Fagt, S., Lennernäs, M. A. ‐., Nyberg, M., Haapalar, I., Thorsen, A. V., Møbjerg, A. C. M., & Beck, A. M. (2018) · Food & Nutrition Research · doi:10.29219/fnr.v62.1115 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationMcDonald, R. J., Zelinski, E. L., Keeley, R. J., Sutherland, D., Fehr, L., & Hong, N. S. (2013) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.04.010 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“In general, these results are consistent with human correlational research showing links between exposure to shiftwork and associated circadian dysfunction on food selection [58,36,59], metabolism [39,60,40–42,34] and body weight [37,38,35].”
ResultHydrogen storage adsorbent systems acceptability envelope
Hardy, B. J., Tamburello, D., & Corgnale, C. (2018) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.08.140 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Stucchi, P., Gil‐Ortega, M., Merino, B., et al. (2011) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2011-1023 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“phase (6), dampening of the circadian rhythm of insulin”
BackgroundCardiovascular disease and shift work
Åkerstedt, T., & Knutsson, A. (1997) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.216 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationMetabolic disturbances due to a high-fat diet in a non-insulin-resistant animal model
Ramalho, L., da Jornada, M. N., Antunes, L. D. C., & Hidalgo, M. P. L. (2017) · Nutrition and Diabetes · doi:10.1038/nutd.2016.47 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Knutsson, A., Karlsson, B., Örnkloo, K., Landström, U., Lennernäs, M. A. ‐., & Eriksson, K. (2002) · Nutrition and Health · doi:10.1177/026010600201600207 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationOh, J.-I., & Yim, H. W. (2017) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2017-0072 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Increased plasma homocysteine levels in shift working bus drivers
Martins, P. J. F., D’Almeida, V., Vergani, N., Pérez, A. B. A., & Tufík, S. (2003) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.60.9.662 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
A Qualitative Exploration of the Shift Work Experience
Nea, F. M., Pourshahidi, L. K., Kearney, J. F., Livingstone, M. B. E., Bassul, C., & Corish, C. A. (2017) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000001126 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“44 Shift workers have been reported to have poorer quality diets(14, 25-27) and irregular eating 45 patterns(14, 28-30) compared to day workers.”
BackgroundMarkwald, R. R., & Wright, K. P. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3492-4_8 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Obesity and Shift Work in the General Population
Eberly, R., & Feldman, H. A. (2010) · Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice · doi:10.46743/1540-580x/2010.1308 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Gastrointestinal Vagal Afferents and Food Intake: Relevance of Circadian Rhythms
Page, A. J. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13030844 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Circadian Misalignment and Metabolic Consequences
Banks, S., Dorrian, J., Grant, C., & Coates, A. M. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-420168-2.00017-x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Terada, T., Mistura, M., Tulloch, H. E., Pipe, A., & Reed, J. L. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11092054 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Because shift-work redistributes food intake from day to night [53], decreased duration of overnight fasting may have resulted in shorter fasting duration in shift-working nurses.”
BackgroundFood Intake in Healthy Young Adults: Effects of Time Pressure and Social Factors
Waterhouse, J. M., Bailey, L., Tomlinson, F., Edwards, B., Atkinson, G., & Reilly, T. (2005) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520500398023 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“These are important and unresolved issues, and have received considerable debate (Lennernas et al., 1993a, 1993b, 1995; Gatenby, 1997).”
BackgroundAlteração no comportamento alimentar de trabalhadores de turnos de um frigorífico do sul do Brasil
de Freitas, E. D. S., Canuto, R., Henn, R. L., Olinto, B. A., Macagnan, J. B. A., Pattussi, M. P., Busnello, F. M., & Olinto, M. T. A. (2015) · Ciência & Saúde Coletiva · doi:10.1590/1413-81232015208.18642014 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Waterhouse, J. M., Jones, K., Edwards, B., Harrison, Y. D., Nevill, A. M., & Reilly, T. (2004) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1081/cbi-120038628 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“These are important and unresolved issues, and have received considerable debate (Gatenby, 1997; Lennernas et al., 1993a, 1993b, 1995).”
BackgroundNutrition in the spotlight: metabolic effects of environmental light
Versteeg, R. I., Stenvers, D. J., Kalsbeek, A., Bisschop, P. H. L. T., Serlie, M. J. M., & la Fleur, S. E. (2016) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665116000707 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“For example, timing of meals rather than their total food intake was affected by shift works((118)), and night shift workers reported lower meal frequency, but increased prevalence to high-energy snacks((119,120)).”
Khosravipour, M., Shahmohammadi, M., & Athar, H. V. (2019) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2019.11.006 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Dietary habits among persons hired on shift work.
Strzemecka, J., Bojar, I., Strzemecka, E., & Owoc, A. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Holmbäck, U. C., Löwden, A., Åkerfeldt, T., Lennernäs, M. A. ‐., Hambræus, L., Forslund, J., Åkerstedt, T., Stridsberg, M., & Forslund, A. H. (2003) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/133.9.2748 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationMeal distribution across the day and its relationship with body composition
Dattilo, M., Crispim, C. A., Zimberg, I. Z., Tufik, S., & de Mello, M. T. (2011) · Biological Rhythm Research · doi:10.1080/09291011003729270 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“With regard to exogenous factors, food intake can be focused and it is well described that night workers have an increased consumption of snacks and small, ‘‘convenience’’ meals during the shift itself (Lennernas et al. 1995), that are usually high in fat content.”
BackgroundThe effects of chronic photoperiod shifting on the physiology of female Long-Evans rats
Deibel, S. H., Hong, N. S., Himmler, S. M., & McDonald, R. J. (2014) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.03.001 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Nyberg, M., & Wiklund, M. L. (2017) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.02.033 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Waterhouse, J. M., Kao, S., Edwards, B., Weinert, D., Atkinson, G., & Reilly, T. (2005) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1081/cbi-200053563 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“…night work is associated with an increase in indigestion, a decreased interest in food, and a very different pattern of food intake over the course of the waking day, when compared with rest days or daytime working (Reinberg et al., 1979; Krauchi et al., 1990; Lennernas et al., 1994, 1995).”
BackgroundDietary assessment and validity: To measure what is meant to measure
Lennernäs, M. A. ‐. (1998) · Näringsforskning · doi:10.3402/fnr.v42i0.1765 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationFactors Associated with Food Intake in Passengers on LONG-HAUL FLIGHTS
Waterhouse, J. M., Kao, S., Edwards, B., Atkinson, G., & Reilly, T. P. (2006) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520600921104 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“There are parallels between these passengers and night workers, who also tend to eat snacks rather than full meals, have a decreased appetite for food, enjoy their meals less, and feel over-full afterwards (Krauchi et al., 1990; Lennernas et al., 1995; Nikolova et al., 1990; Reinberg et al., 1979; Tepas, 1990).”
BackgroundInfluentialField Studies on the Effects of Food Content on Wakefulness
Landström, U., Knutsson, A., & Lennernäs, M. A. ‐. (2000) · Nutrition and Health · doi:10.1177/026010600001400401 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationJiang, P., & Turek, F. W. (2018) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.04.017 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Marot, L. P., Balieiro, L. C. T., Lopes, T. D. V. C., Rosa, D. E., Wright, K. P., Moreno, C. R. D. C., & Crispim, C. A. (2023) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-023-03106-y · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Chalfant, J. M., Howatt, D. A., Johnson, V. B., Tannock, L. R., Daugherty, A., & Pendergast, J. S. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1167858 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Shift workers have disrupted rhythms of food intake, including consuming more calories at night and snacking throughout the night, compared to day workers, and this aberrant meal timing has been linked to CVD risk factors (Lennernas et al., 1995; de Assis et al., 2003; Heath et al., 2012; Bank et al., 2015; Molzof et…”
BackgroundBenazizi, I., Ronda, E., Ortiz-Moncada, R., & Martı́nez, J. M. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15112488 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“For example, shift work during irregular and nighttime hours has been associated with changes in the circadian distribution of food ingestion [1] and with the presence of chronic health issues such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and type II-diabetes [2].”
Background[Nutritional evaluation of health shift workers from the Canary Islands].
Rodríguez, M. J. F., Bautista-Castaño, I., Luján, L. M. B., Bethencourt, L. H., Sánchez‐Villegas, A., & Serra‐Majem, L. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bonham, M. P., Kaias, E., Huggins, C. E., Davis, R., Leung, G. K. W., Eikelis, N., Shaw, E., & Murgia, C. (2019) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.02.018 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Impact of Sleep and Circadian Disturbances on Glucose Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes
Reutrakul, S., Punjabi, N. M., & Cauter, E. V. (2018) · Cited by 9 · see citing works
A Hard Earned Thirst: Workplace Hydration and Attitudes Regarding Post-Shift Alcohol Consumption
Irwin, C. G., Desbrow, B., & LEVERITT, M. D. (2013) · Griffith Research Online · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Waterhouse, J. M., Edwards, B., & Reilly, T. (2005) · Biological Rhythm Research · doi:10.1080/09291010500051733 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“These are important and unresolved issues, and have received considerable debate (Lennernas et al. 1993a, 1993b, 1995; Gatenby 1997; Rappoport et al. 2001).”
BackgroundArbetstider, hälsa och säkerhet - en uppdatering av aktuell forskning
Kecklund, G., Ingre, M., & Åkerstedt, T. (2010) · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationBenazizi, I., Ferrer, L., Martı́nez, J. M., Ronda, E., & Casabona, J. (2019) · Gaceta Sanitaria · doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2019.08.014 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Snack timing affects tissue clock and metabolic responses in male mice
Begemann, K., & Oster, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.956641 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Studies on total energy intake in shift workers are controversial (11, 12), but disturbed eating patterns and increased snacking are consistently observed in night shift workers (13).”
BackgroundDaily injection of melatonin inhibits insulin resistance induced by chronic mealtime shift
Park, J., Kim, J., Yun, Y., Han, D., Kim, K., Hong, J., & Cho, S. (2022) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.15227 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Although it was not possible to reproduce the broken circadian rhythm that occurs in shift workers, considering that food intake by shift workers occurs mainly at night time, the rest phase (Lennernäs et al., 1995), mealtime shift could be one of the causes of the broken circadian F I G U R E 4 Daily injection of anti…”
BackgroundRelationship between Circadian Rhythms, Feeding, and Obesity
Baron, K. G., & Reid, K. J. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-420168-2.00026-0 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Work and Abdominal Obesity Risk
Olinto, M. T. A., Canuto, R., & Garcêz, A. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407869-7.00002-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Gupta, C. C., Dorrian, J., Coates, A. M., Zadow, A. J., Dollard, M. F., & Banks, S. (2020) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-203228 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Acute effects of night work and meals on blood glucose levels
Jensen, M. A., Hansen, Å. M., Sallerup, M., Nielsen, N. O., Schlünssen, V., & Garde, A. H. (2020) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2020.1824671 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- LENNERNÄS, M., HAMBRAEUS, L., & ÅKERSTEDT, T.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- ORCID
- ÅKERSTEDT, TORBJÖRN
- Venue
- Appetite
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-12
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 253-266
- ISSN
- 0195-6663 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2026683970
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Appetite (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- shift work, night shift work, dietary intake, circadian rhythm, coffee consumption, alcohol consumption, energy intake, macronutrient composition, micronutrient density, day laborers, industrial workers, carbohydrate intake
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Energy Intake, Circadian Rhythm, Coffee, Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Tea, Work, Work Schedule Tolerance, Diet Records
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
