Chocolate eating in healthy men during experimentally induced sadness and joy
Abstract
The study compared influences of qualitatively different emotions on eating. Motivation to eat, affective responses to chocolate and chewing of chocolate were investigated in healthy normal weight males during experimentally induced emotions. Subjects abstained from eating 2 h (n = 24) or 8 h (n = 24) before testing. They received pieces of chocolate after viewing film clips presented to induce anger, fear, sadness and joy. Motivation to eat and most affective responses to eating chocolate were higher after 8 h than after 2 h of deprivation. Sadness and joy affected motivation to eat in opposite directions: joy increased and sadness decreased appetite (p < 0.001). In joy, a higher tendency to eat more chocolate was reported (p < 0.001), and chocolate tasted more pleasant (p < 0.001) and was experienced as more "stimulating" than in sadness (p < 0.01). No effects of deprivation could be found for chewing time and number of chews. Results indicate that the quality of emotions can affect motivation to eat and affective responses to eating chocolate. Our findings on decreased eating responses to sadness in healthy males and the contradictory increased eating responses to sadness reported by others supports two types of emotion-induced changes of eating: emotion-congruent modulation of eating and eating to regulate emotions.
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Men experienced an increase in appetite after a joy-inducing film but not after films that induced negative emotion.
“The increased eating by men during positive emotion states is consistent with the finding that men experienced an increase in appetite after a joyinducing film but not after films that induced negative emotion (Macht et al., 2002).”
From Emotional Appetite Questionnaire. Construct validity and relationship with BMI (2010) · cites this paper as Macht et al., 2002
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Happy Hour? A Preliminary Study of the Effect of Induced Joviality and Sadness on Beer Perception
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Positive Arousal Increases Individuals’ Preferences for Risk
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Preoccupation with Weight and Eating Patterns of Lebanese and Cypriot Female Students
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Subjective Happiness and Emotional Responsiveness to Food Stimuli
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The effect of unhealthy food and liking on stress reactivity
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Self-citationPositive emotional eating among college students: A systematic scoping review
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The (non)-effect of induced emotion on desire for different types of foods
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- Authors
- Macht, M., Roth, S., & Ellgring, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- Venue
- Appetite
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-10
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 147-158
- ISSN
- 0195-6663 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1992201936
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 3.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Appetite (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- sadness, joy, food motivation, food taste, food deprivation, emotion regulation, anger, fear
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Appetite, Cacao, Candy, Eating, Emotions, Food Deprivation, Humans, Male, Mastication, Middle Aged, Motivation, Taste
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