Emotion Elicitation: A Comparison of Pictures and Films
Open accessAbstract
Pictures and film clips are widely used and accepted stimuli to elicit emotions. Based on theoretical arguments it is often assumed that the emotional effects of films exceed those of pictures, but to date this assumption has not been investigated directly. The aim of the present study was to compare pictures and films in terms of their capacity to induce emotions verified by means of explicit measures. Stimuli were (a) single pictures presented for 6 s, (b) a set of three consecutive pictures with emotionally congruent contents presented for 2 s each, (c) short film clips with a duration of 6 s. A total of 144 participants rated their emotion and arousal states following stimulus presentation. Repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed that the film clips and 3-picture version were as effective as the classical 1-picture method to elicit positive emotions, however, modulation toward positive valence was little. Modulation toward negative valence was more effective in general. Film clips were less effective than pictorial stimuli in producing the corresponding emotion states (all p < 0.001) and were less arousing (all p ≤ 0.02). Possible reasons for these unexpected results are discussed.
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Video clips are more effective at inducing emotions because they are more reflective of real life.
“On the one hand, video clips are more effective at inducing emotions because they are more reflective of real life24.”
From A Multimodal Dataset for Mixed Emotion Recognition (2024) · cites this paper as [24]
The Introduction presents films’ similarity to real life as a theoretical argument, not an established reason they induce emotions more effectively. The Abstract reports that film clips were less effective than pictures at producing corresponding emotional states, and the Conclusions say they did not appear to be better than pictures. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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- Authors
- Uhrig, M. K., Trautmann, N., Baumgärtner, U., Treede, R.-D., Henrich, F., Hiller, W., & Marschall, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Tübingen (DE)
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Uhrig, Meike K.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2016-02-17
- Volume
- 7
- Pages
- 180-180
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4756121
- OpenAlex
- W2299687099
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 8.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB-1158, KFO-256)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Emotion and Mood Recognition
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- emotion induction, visual stimuli, emotional valence, arousal, positive emotions, negative emotions, stimulus presentation duration
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