Positive and negative emotional eating have different associations with overeating and binge eating: Construction and validation of the Positive-Negative Emotional Eating Scale

Sultson, Hedvig; Kukk, Katrin; Akkermann, Kirsti

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.05.035

Cited by 123Eating Disorders and BehaviorsNutrition, Health and Food BehaviorChild Nutrition and Feeding Issues

Positive and negative emotional eating have different associations with overeating and binge eating: Construction and validation of the Positive-Negative Emotional Eating Scale

Sultson, Hedvig, Kukk, Katrin, Akkermann, Kirsti·2017·Appetite

DOI 10.1016/j.appet.2017.05.035

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Abstract

Research on emotional eating mostly focuses on negative emotions. Much less is known about how positive emotions relate to overeating and binge eating (BE). The aim of the current study was to construct a scale for positive and negative emotional eating and to assess its predictive validity. In study 1, the Positive-Negative Emotional Eating Scale (PNEES) was constructed and tested on 531 women, who also completed Eating Disorders Assessment Scale (EDAS). Results showed that a two-factor model constituting Positive emotional eating (PNEES-P) and Negative emotional eating (PNEES-N) fit the data well. PNEES-N also showed good convergent validity in assessing binge eating, correlating highly with EDAS subscale Binge eating. Further, a path analysis showed that after controlling for the mediating effect of PNEES-N, PNEES-P continued to significantly predict binge eating. In study 2 (N = 60), experience sampling method was used to assess overeating and BE in the natural environment. Palmtop computers were given to participants for a three-day study period that prompted them with questions regarding emotional experience, overeating, and BE. Results indicated that PNEES-P significantly predicted overeating, whereas PNEES-N predicted overeating and BE episodes only in a subsample of women who had experienced at least one overeating or BE episode. Thus, positive and negative emotional eating might have different relations with overeating and BE, with the latter being more characteristic of the severity/frequency of overeating and BE. New assessment tools that in addition to negative emotional eating also address positive emotional eating could be of potential help in planning intervention. Further, the tendency to overeat in response to positive emotions could be integrated into current models of eating disorders, especially when addressing relapse prevention.

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Positive emotional eating may be associated with negative psychological correlates (e.g., binge eating behavior).
“positive emotional eating may be associated with negative psychological correlates (e.g., binge eating behavior; [39, 40])”
From Mindfulness facets differentially relate to self-reported negative and positive emotional eating types in treatment-seeking adults with overweight/obesity (2023) · cites this paper as [39]

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“…considering that negative and positive emotional eating types may occur at similar rates [31], that positive emotional eating is a common trigger for eating [32], and that positive emotional eating may be associated with negative psychological correlates (e.g., binge eating behavior; [33-34]).”
Background
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Self-citation

Authors: Sultson, H., Kukk, K., & Akkermann, K.
Affiliations: University of Tartu (EE)
Corresponding author: Akkermann, Kirsti
ORCID: Sultson, Hedvig
Kukk, Katrin
Akkermann, Kirsti
Venue: Appetite
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2017-09
Volume: 116
Pages: 423-430
ISSN: 0195-6663 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.05.035
OpenAlex: W2617666413
Cited by: 123
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1
FWCI: 10.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Appetite (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
Keywords: overeating, binge eating, scale development, eating disorders, women, ecological momentary assessment, relapse prevention
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Bulimia, Emotions, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Hyperphagia, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Young Adult, Binge-Eating Disorder

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Positive and negative emotional eating have different associations with overeating and binge eating: Construction and validation of the Positive-Negative Emotional Eating Scale

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