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Nitric Oxide Synthase in Reactive Astrocytes Adjacent to β-Amyloid Plaques
Abstract
This study provides the first evidence that nitric oxide is released by astrocytes surrounding beta-amyloid plaques. Nitric oxide is involved in many neuropathological conditions and can have either a neuroprotective or a neurotoxic function depending on its concentration and the redox state of the tissue. It is produced by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase, which can be located by a simple histochemical technique for demonstrating NADPH diaphorase. Using this method we examined tissue from 10 brains where there were varying numbers of beta-amyloid plaques in the cerebral cortex. In the 6 brains with moderate or high densities of plaques, primitive and cored plaques were associated with between 1 and 10 reactive astrocytes that contained NADPH diaphorase or were immunoreactive for the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase. In the 4 brains which had only low densities of plaques, the plaques were not associated with diaphorase-containing astrocytes. The percentage of plaques associated with 1 or more NADPH diaphorase-containing astrocyte varied between 1 and 21% and was correlated with the density of plaques. Astrocytes were the only form of NADPH diaphorase-positive glial cell associated with the plaques. There was no evidence of any nitric oxide synthase occurring in microglia.
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Unregulated glial activation could potentially compromise neuronal health via the sustained secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress molecules.
“Unregulated glial activation could potentially compromise neuronal health via the sustained secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress molecules (57,58).”
From Apolipoprotein E Receptors Mediate the Effects of β-Amyloid on Astrocyte Cultures (2000) · cites this paper as [58]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wallace, M. N., Geddes, J. G., Farquhar, D. A., & Masson, M. R.
- Venue
- Experimental Neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-04
- Volume
- 144
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 266-272
- ISSN
- 0014-4886
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 3
- Language
- en
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