Cited by 433Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

Neuroinflammatory processes in Alzheimer’s disease

Heneka, Michael T., O’Banion, M. Kerry, Terwel, Dick, Kummer, Markus Peter·2010·Journal of Neural Transmission

Abstract

Generation of neurotoxic amyloid beta peptides and their deposition along with neurofibrillary tangle formation represent key pathological hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent evidence suggests that inflammation may be a third important component which, once initiated in response to neurodegeneration or dysfunction, may actively contribute to disease progression and chronicity. Various neuroinflammatory mediators including complement activators and inhibitors, chemokines, cytokines, radical oxygen species and inflammatory enzyme systems are expressed and released by microglia, astrocytes and neurons in the AD brain. Degeneration of aminergic brain stem nuclei including the locus ceruleus and the nucleus basalis of Meynert may facilitate the occurrence of inflammation in their projection areas given the antiinflammatory and neuroprotective action of their key transmitters norepinephrine and acetylcholine. While inflammation has been thought to arise secondary to degeneration, recent experiments demonstrated that inflammatory mediators may stimulate amyloid precursor protein processing by various means and therefore can establish a vicious cycle. Despite the fact that some aspects of inflammation may even be protective for bystander neurons, antiinflammatory treatment strategies should therefore be considered. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to reduce the risk and delay the onset to develop AD. While, the precise molecular mechanism underlying this effect is still unknown, a number of possible mechanisms including cyclooxygenase 2 or gamma-secretase inhibition and activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma may alone or, more likely, in concert account for the epidemiologically observed protection.

Integrity signals

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Crossref · 10.1007/s00702-010-0438-z

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361 of 361 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Microglia undergo classical M1 inflammatory activation in response to amyloid deposition, leading to a proinflammatory milieu in the brain.

    “These cells undergo a classical M1 inflammatory activation in response of amyloid deposition, leading to a proinflammatory milieu in the brain (Wyss-Coray, 2006; Heneka et al., 2010).”
  • Age-related immune changes and those that occur during AD share many similarities and the distinction between the two processes remains unclear.

    “Consequently, age-related immune changes and those that occur during AD share many similarities and the distinction between the two processes remains unclear (89).”
  • Neuroinflammation is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and anxiety.

    “In fact, neuroinflammation is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases, as Huntington’s [133], Alzheimer’s [134] and Parkinson’s disease [135] and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and anxiety [136].”

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Authors
Heneka, M. T., O’Banion, M. K., Terwel, D., & Kummer, M. P.
Affiliations
  • University of Bonn (DE)
  • University of Rochester Medicine (US)
Corresponding author
Heneka, Michael T.
Venue
Journal of Neural Transmission
Published
2010-07-15
Volume
117
Issue
8
Pages
919-947
ISSN
  • 0300-9564 (ISSN-L)
  • 1435-1463
OpenAlex
W2085262263
Cited by
433
References
362
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 38
FWCI
3.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Neural Transmission (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta, neurofibrillary tangles, microglia, astrocytes, complement system, chemokines, cytokines, reactive oxygen species, locus coeruleus, nucleus basalis of Meynert, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, APP processing, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cyclooxygenase-2, gamma-secretase inhibition, PPARγ, neuroprotection
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Brain, Humans, Inflammation, Cytokines, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, Neurofibrillary Tangles, Inflammation Mediators, Cyclooxygenase 2, Chromogranin A

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