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Cited by 852Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsCholinesterase and Neurodegenerative DiseasesDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 229 of the 231 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

On Neurodegenerative Diseases, Models, and Treatment Strategies: Lessons Learned and Lessons Forgotten a Generation Following the Cholinergic Hypothesis

Bartus, Raymond T.·2000·Experimental Neurology
DOI 10.1006/exnr.2000.7397
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Abstract

Life's Journey If life is indeed a journey, then poetry must be the map that reveals all its topographic possibilitiesellipsis while science is the compass that keeps us from getting lost. -R. T. Bartus, Simple Words for Complex Lives, (c) 1998 In the nearly 20 years since the cholinergic hypothesis was initially formulated, significant progress has been achieved. Initial palliative treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have proven beneficial and have gained FDA approval, the use of animal models for studying AD and other neurodegenerative diseases has achieved wider acceptance, and important insight into the potential causes and pathogenic variables associated with various neurodegenerative diseases continues to increase. This paper reviews the current status of the cholinergic hypothesis in the context of continuing efforts to improve upon existing treatments for AD and explores the role that animal models might continue to play. Using the benefit of hindsight, particular emphasis is placed on an analysis of the approaches, strategies, and assumptions regarding animal models that proved useful in developing the initial treatments and those that did not. Additionally, contemporary issues of AD are discussed within the context of the cholinergic hypothesis, with particular attention given to how they may impact the further refinement of animal models, and the development of even more effective treatments. Finally, arguments are presented that, despite the deserved enthusiasm and optimism for identifying means of halting the pathogenesis of AD, a clear need for more effective palliative treatments will continue, long after successful pathogenic treatments are available. This review, therefore, focuses on issues and experiences intended to: (a) facilitate further development and use of animal models for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases, and (b) accelerate the identification of newer, even more effective treatments.

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Crossref · 10.1006/exnr.2000.7397

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229 of 229 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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2 of the 231 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 19

  1. Sarter M., 1991, Cholinergic controversies, Trends Neurosci., 14, 483
  2. Tariot, 1996, Contemporary treatment approaches to Alzheimer's disease, Consult. Pharm., 11, 16
  3. Bartus, 1995, Aging in the Rhesus monkey: Debilitating effects on short term memory, J. NIH Res., 7, 69
  4. Sathananthan, 1975, Cerebral vasodilators: A review, 155
  5. Gallagher, 1998, Effects of aging on cognition and hippocampal/cortical systems, Soc Neurosci. Abstr., 24
  6. Bartus, 1986, Commentary on animal models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, Integr. Psychiatry, 4, 74
  7. Bartus, R., C. Flicker, and R. Dean. 1983. Logical principles in the development of animal models of age-related memory loss. In Clinical and Preclinical Assessment in Geriatric Psychopharmacology (T. Crook, Ed.), pp. 263–299. Mark Powley Associates, New Caanan, CT.
  8. Bartus, 1983, Behavioral and pharmacological studies using animal models of aging: Implications for studying and treating dementia of Alzheimer's type, Banbury Rep., 1515, 207
  9. Bartus, R. 1979. The effects of aging on visual memory, sensory processing and discrimination learning in a nonhuman primate. In Aging: Sensory Systems and Communication in the Elderly (J. Ordy, Ed.), pp. 85–113. Raven Press, New York.
  10. Moss, 1986, Effects of Aging on visual recognition memory in the Rhesus monkey, Primate Rep., 14, 133
  11. Bartus, 1979, Recent memory in aged nonhuman primates: Hypersensensitivity to visual interference during retention, Exp. Aging, 5, 385, 10.1080/03610737908257214 · DOI
  12. Bartus, R., T. Crook, and R. Dean. 1987. Current progress in treating age-related memory problems: A perspective from animal preclinical and human clinical research. In Geriatric Clinical Pharmacology (G. Wood and R. Strong, Eds.), pp. 71–94. Raven Press, New York.
  13. Bartus, R., and R. Dean. 1988. Effects of cholinergic and adrenergic enhancing drugs on memory in aged monkeys. In Current Research in Alzheimer Therapy (E. Giacobini and R. Becker, Eds.), pp. 179–190. Taylor and Francis, New York.
  14. McEntee, 1991, Treatment of adult-onset cognitive disorders: results of multicenter trials, Psychopharmacol. Bull., 27, 41
  15. Dean, 1982, Drug induced memory impairments in nonhuman primates, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 8, 322
  16. Ogura, 1993, MK-801 impairs recogition memory in rhesus mondeys: comparison with cholinergic drugs, Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 266, 60
  17. Herz, 1960, Die Gedentung der Gahung fur die wirkung von scopolamin und ahnlichen, Z. Biol., 112, 104
  18. Crowley, 1999, Big study hopes to find if Alzheimer's can be prevented in memory-impaired, Wall Street Journal.
  19. Pang, 1998, Alzheimer's Disease, AAPS News, 1, 11

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Metadata

Authors
Bartus, R. T.
Affiliations
Alkermes (United States) (US)
Corresponding author
Bartus, Raymond T.
Venue
Experimental Neurology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2000-06
Volume
163
Issue
2
Pages
495-529
ISSN
0014-4886 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1006/exnr.2000.7397
OpenAlex
W2026745182
Cited by
829
References
231
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 38
FWCI
3.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Experimental Neurology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords
cholinergic hypothesis, Alzheimer's disease, neurodegenerative diseases, animal models of disease, Alzheimer's disease treatment, palliative care, cholinesterase inhibitors
MeSH terms
Age Factors, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Cognition, Disease Models, Animal, Forecasting, Humans, Memory Disorders, Cholinergic Agents

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