Cited by 98Drug Transport and Resistance MechanismsLiver physiology and pathologyCholesterol and Lipid Metabolism

Bile Acid-Activated Receptors: GPBAR1 (TGR5) and Other G Protein-Coupled Receptors

Keitel, Verena, Stindt, Jan, Häussinger, Dieter·2019·Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology

Abstract

The BA-responsive GPCRs S1PR2 and TGR5 are almost ubiquitously expressed in human and rodent tissues. In the liver, S1PR2 is expressed in all cell types, while TGR5 is predominately found in non-parenchymal cells. In contrast to S1PR2, which is mainly activated by conjugated bile acids (BAs), all BAs serve as ligands for TGR5 irrespective of their conjugation state and substitution pattern.Mice with targeted deletion of either S1PR2 or TGR5 are viable and develop no overt phenotype. In liver injury models, S1PR2 exerts pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic effects and thus aggravates liver damage, while TGR5 mediates anti-inflammatory, anti-cholestatic, and anti-fibrotic effects. Thus, inhibitors of S1PR2 signaling and agonists for TGR5 have been employed to attenuate liver injury in rodent models for cholestasis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and fibrosis/cirrhosis.In biliary epithelial cells, both receptors activate a similar signaling cascade resulting in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cell proliferation. Overexpression of both S1PR2 and TGR5 was found in human cholangiocarcinoma tissue as well as in CCA cell lines, where stimulation of both GPCRs resulted in transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and triggered cell proliferation as well as increased cell migration and invasiveness.This chapter will focus on the function of S1PR2 and TGR5 in different liver cell types and summarizes current knowledge on the role of these receptors in liver disease models.

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Crossref · 10.1007/164_2019_230

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  • Some secondary bile acids impact host physiology through interaction with host nuclear receptors including FXR, LXR, PXR, and specific G-protein coupled receptors like TGR5.

    “Following systemic adsorption, some secondary BAs in turn impact host physiology though interaction with a variety of host nuclear receptors including FXR, liver X receptor (LXR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), and specific G-protein coupled receptors like TGR5 (Figure 1)40–44.”

    From Gut microbiota and cardiovascular disease. (2020) · cites this paper as [44]

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Authors
Keitel, V., Stindt, J., & Häussinger, D.
Affiliations
Düsseldorf University Hospital (DE)
Corresponding author
Keitel, Verena
Venue
Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
Published
2019
Volume
256
Pages
19-49
ISSN
  • 0171-2004 (ISSN-L)
  • 1865-0325
OpenAlex
W2957011968
Cited by
98
References
156
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 3
FWCI
23.11
Type
book chapter
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Handbook of experimental pharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Keywords
S1PR2, TGR5, G protein-coupled receptors, bile acid conjugates, liver injury, liver fibrosis, cholestasis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cholangiocytes, ERK signaling, cholangiocarcinoma, epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation, cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion
MeSH terms
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors, Animals, Bile Acids and Salts, Bile Duct Neoplasms, Humans, Liver, Liver Diseases, Cholangiocarcinoma, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Receptors, Lysosphingolipid, Mice

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