The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Jingle, Jangle, and Conceptual Haziness: Evolution and Future Directions of the Engagement Construct
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Compared to other well-established and extensively researched constructs like motivation, engagement is regarded as a fledging concept (Hiver et al., 2021) as Reschly and Christenson (2012) also call it “a new kid on the block” (p. 4).”
From Researching and Practicing Positive Psychology in Second/Foreign Language Learning and Teaching: The Past, Current Status and Future Directions (2021) · cites this paper as Reschly and Christenson, 2012
In the citing paper
“Engagement is a construct closely related to motivation.”
From Exploring Engagement in Tasks in the Language Classroom (2016) · cites this paper as Reschly & Christenson, 2012
Citations
Cites
School Engagement: Potential of the Concept, State of the Evidence
Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543074001059 · Cited by 12,581
Positive psychology: An introduction.
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.5 · Cited by 11,351
-Handbook of Self-Determination Research by Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan (Editors)
Paulson, D. S. (2002) · The Journal of mind and behavior · Cited by 5,171
Handbook of Self-Determination Research
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2004) · Cited by 4,528
Handbook of Research on Student Engagement
(2012) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7 · Cited by 3,050
Self-citation(2002) · Cited by 3,047
Finn, J. D. (1989) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.2307/1170412 · Cited by 2,702
Hart, A. W. (1999) · Educational Management & Administration · doi:10.1177/0263211x990273008 · Cited by 2,376
Engagement and disaffection in the classroom: Part of a larger motivational dynamic?
Skinner, E., Furrer, C., Marchand, G., & Kindermann, T. (2008) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012840 · Cited by 2,037
Student engagement with school: Critical conceptual and methodological issues of the construct
Appleton, J. J., Christenson, S. L., & Furlong, M. J. (2008) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.20303 · Cited by 1,956
Self-citation(1991) · Cited by 1,876
Measuring cognitive and psychological engagement: Validation of the Student Engagement Instrument
Appleton, J. J., Christenson, S. L., Kim, D., & Reschly, A. L. (2006) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2006.04.002 · Cited by 1,858
Self-citationSkinner, E. A., Kindermann, T. A., & Furrer, C. J. (2009) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164408323233 · Cited by 1,587
Academic success among students at risk for school failure
Finn, J. D., & Rock, D. A. (1997) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.221 · Cited by 1,397
Best Practices in School Psychology IV
Thomas, A., Grimes, J., & McKevitt, B. C. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,333
Dropping Out of Middle School: A Multilevel Analysis of Students and Schools
Rumberger, R. W. (1995) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312032003583 · Cited by 1,316
From First Grade Forward: Early Foundations of High School Dropout
Alexander, K. L., Entwisle, D. R., & Horsey, C. S. (1997) · Sociology of Education · doi:10.2307/2673158 · Cited by 1,035
Interpretation of Educational Measurements
Freeman, F. S., & Kelley, T. L. (1928) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1414476 · Cited by 865
Feldman, A. F., & Matjasko, J. L. (2005) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543075002159 · Cited by 815
BALFANZ, R., HERZOG, L., & MAC IVER, D. J. (2007) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00461520701621079 · Cited by 804
Martin, A. J. (2006) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1348/000709906x118036 · Cited by 739
Paths to High School Graduation or Dropout: A Longitudinal Study of a First-Grade Cohort
Ensminger, M. E., & Slusarcick, A. L. (1992) · Sociology of Education · doi:10.2307/2112677 · Cited by 617
Jimerson, S. R., Egeland, B. R., Sroufe, L. A., & Carlson, B. R. (2000) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0022-4405(00)00051-0 · Cited by 555
Reschly, A. L., Huebner, E. S., Appleton, J. J., & Antaramian, S. (2008) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.20306 · Cited by 513
Self-citationThe Optimum Level of Well-Being: Can People Be Too Happy?
Oishi, S., Diener, E., & Lucas, R. E. (2007) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00048.x · Cited by 453
Engaging schools: fostering high school students' motivation to learn
(2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.42-1079 · Cited by 407
Check & Connect: The importance of relationships for promoting engagement with school
Anderson, A. R., Christenson, S. L., Sinclair, M. F., & Lehr, C. A. (2004) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2004.01.002 · Cited by 395
Self-citationPrediction of Dropout Among Students With Mild Disabilities
Reschly, A. L., & Christenson, S. L. (2006) · Remedial and Special Education · doi:10.1177/07419325060270050301 · Cited by 357
Self-citationMotivation and Engagement Across the Academic Life Span
Martin, A. J. (2009) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164409332214 · Cited by 353
Developmental Science and the Holistic Approach
(2000) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410605405 · Cited by 335
The Rhetoric and Reality of Gap Closing: When the "Have-Nots" Gain but the "Haves" Gain Even More.
Ceci, S. J., & Papierno, P. B. (2005) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.60.2.149 · Cited by 320
Enhancing student motivation and engagement: The effects of a multidimensional intervention
Martin, A. J. (2008) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2006.11.003 · Cited by 293
Differentiating Characteristics of High School Graduates, Dropouts, and Nongraduates
Barrington, B. L., & Hendricks, B. (1989) · The Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00220671.1989.10885913 · Cited by 279
Dropout Prevention for Youth with Disabilities: Efficacy of a Sustained School Engagement Procedure
Sinclair, M. F., Christenson, S. L., Evelo, D. L., & Hurley, C. M. (1998) · Exceptional Children · doi:10.1177/001440299806500101 · Cited by 261
Self-citationPromoting School Completion of Urban Secondary Youth with Emotional or Behavioral Disabilities
Sinclair, M. F., Christenson, S. L., & Thurlow, M. L. (2005) · Exceptional Children · doi:10.1177/001440290507100405 · Cited by 257
Self-citationThe Process of Dropping Out of High School: A 19-Year Perspective
Garnier, H., Stein, J. A., & Jacobs, J. (1997) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312034002395 · Cited by 251
Understanding Student Engagement with a Contextual Model
Lam, S.-F., Wong, B. P. H., Yang, H., & Liu, Y. (2012) · Handbook of Research on Student Engagement · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_19 · Cited by 250
Theory of mental and social measurements.
Thorndike, E. L. (1904) · doi:10.1037/13283-000 · Cited by 242
Lehr, C. A., Sinclair, M. F., & Christenson, S. L. (2004) · Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR) · doi:10.1207/s15327671espr0903_4 · Cited by 224
Self-citationA Self-regulated Learning Perspective on Student Engagement
Wolters, C. A., & Taylor, D. J. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_30 · Cited by 215
Perspectives on instructional time
Fisher, C., & Berliner, D. C. (1985) · Cited by 211
Best practices in fostering student engagement
Christenson, S. L., Reschly, A. L., Appleton, J. J., Berman, S., Spanjers, D., & Varro, P. (2008) · Cited by 208
Self-citationFacilitating Student Engagement: Lessons Learned from Check & Connect Longitudinal Studies
Sinclair, M. F., Christenson, S. L., Lehr, C. A., & Anderson, A. R. (2003) · The California School Psychologist · doi:10.1007/bf03340894 · Cited by 201
Self-citationPromoting successful school completion: Critical conceptual and methodological guidelines.
Christenson, S. L., Sinclair, M. F., Lehr, C. A., & Godber, Y. (2001) · School Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1521/scpq.16.4.468.19898 · Cited by 181
Self-citationParticipation and Withdrawal Among Fourth-Grade Pupils
Finn, J. D., & Cox, D. L. (1992) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.2307/1162905 · Cited by 168
Dropout Risk Factors and Exemplary Programs: A Technical Report.
Hammond, C., Linton, D., Smink, J., & Drew, S. F. (2007) · Cited by 159
Betts, J., Appleton, J. J., Reschly, A. L., Christenson, S. L., & Huebner, E. S. (2010) · School Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1037/a0020259 · Cited by 157
Self-citationAn Introduction to the Theory of Mental and Social Measurements
Thorndike, E. L. (1905) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1412238 · Cited by 148
Fredricks, J. A., McColskey, W. H., Meli, J. E., Mordica, J., Montrosse‐Moorhead, B., & Mooney, K. (2011) · Cited by 120
Carter, C. P., Reschly, A. L., Lovelace, M. D., Appleton, J. J., & Thompson, D. A. (2012) · School Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1037/a0029229 · Cited by 115
Self-citationVoelkl, K. E. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_9 · Cited by 115
How Can We Help? What We Have Learned From Recent Federal Dropout Prevention Evaluations
Dynarski, M., & Gleason, P. (2002) · Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR) · doi:10.1207/s15327671espr0701_4 · Cited by 114
Participation and Withdrawal Among Fourth-Grade Pupils
Finn, J. D., & Cox, D. L. (1992) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312029001141 · Cited by 111
Finding the Humanity in the Data: Understanding, Measuring, and Strengthening Student Engagement
Yazzie-Mintz, E., & McCormick, K. (2012) · Handbook of Research on Student Engagement · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_36 · Cited by 110
Non-school correlates of dropout: An integrative review of the literature
Rosenthal, B. S. (1998) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/s0190-7409(98)00015-2 · Cited by 106
Commentary: The Centrality of the Learning Context for Students' Academic Enabler Skills
Christenson, S. L., & Anderson, A. R. (2002) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/02796015.2002.12086162 · Cited by 97
Self-citationReading and School Completion: Critical Connections and Matthew Effects
Reschly, A. L. (2009) · Reading & Writing Quarterly · doi:10.1080/10573560903397023 · Cited by 91
Self-citationTrajectories and Patterns of Student Engagement: Evidence from a Longitudinal Study
Wylie, C., & Hodgen, E. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_28 · Cited by 89
Finn, J. D., & Owings, J. A. (2006) · National Center for Education Statistics · Cited by 64
Mosher, R. L., & MacGowan, B. (1985) · Cited by 58
The Prevention Researcher, 1998.
Ungerleider, S. (1998) · The prevention researcher · Cited by 39
Morse, A. B., Anderson, A. R., Christenson, S. L., & Lehr, C. A. (2004) · Principal leadership · Cited by 38
Self-citationThree Tasks for Personality Psychology
Block, J. (2000) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410605405-17 · Cited by 30
Check & Connect: Enhancing school completion through student engagement
Christenson, S. L., & Reschly, A. L. (2010) · Cited by 29
Self-citationThe Advantages of High/Scope: Helping Children Lead Successful Lives.
Schweinhart, L. J., & Weikart, D. P. (1999) · Educational leadership · Cited by 26
Evans, I. M., & DiBenedetto, A. (1991) · Journal of Applied School Psychology · doi:10.1300/j008v06n01_04 · Cited by 16
SOL Tests Create Unfair Pressure.
Ernst, K. (2000) · Educational leadership · Cited by 13
Introduction to Grade Retention Among Struggling Readers
Bowman-Perrott, L. J. (2009) · Reading & Writing Quarterly · doi:10.1080/10573560903396819 · Cited by 9
Christenson, S. L. (2009) · Cited by 2
Self-citationStudent Engagement Instrument--Elementary Version
Carter, C. P., Reschly, A. L., Lovelace, M. D., Appleton, J. J., & Thompson, D. (2012) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t14378-000 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Appleton, J. J., Reschly, A. L., & Martin, C. (2012). Research to practice: Measuring and reporting student engagement. Manuscript under review.
- Jordan, W. J., McPartland, J. M., & Lara, J. (1999). Rethinking the causes of high school dropout. The Prevention Researcher, 6, 1–4.
- Reschly, A. L., Betts, J., & Appleton, J. J. (2012). Student Engagement Instrument: Evidence of convergent and divergent validity across measures of engagement and motivation. Manuscript under review.
- Rumberger, R. W., & Lim, S. A. (2008). Why students drop out of school: A review of 25 years of research (California Dropout Research Project Report #15). University of California Santa Barbara.
- Sinclair, M. F., & Kaibel, C. (2002). 2002 Dakota county: Secondary Check & Connect program. Program evaluation 2002 final summary report. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, Institute on Community Integration.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bond, M., Buntins, K., Bedenlier, S., Zawacki-Richter, O., & Kerres, M. (2020) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-019-0176-8 · Cited by 1,097
“…is that motivation is an antecedent to engagement; it is the intent and unobservable force that energises behaviour (Lim, 2004; Reeve, 2012; Reschly & Christenson, 2012), whereas student engagement is energy and effort in action; an observable manifestation (Appleton et al., 2008; Eccles &…”
BackgroundMeasuring student engagement in technology-mediated learning: A review
Henrie, C. R., Halverson, L. R., & Graham, C. R. (2015) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2015.09.005 · Cited by 1,010
The Challenges of Defining and Measuring Student Engagement in Science
Sinatra, G. M., Heddy, B. C., & Lombardi, D. (2015) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00461520.2014.1002924 · Cited by 1,044
Wang, Y., Derakhshan, A., & Zhang, L. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.731721 · Cited by 762
“Cognitive engagement happens when one is adequately, mentally challenged, and absorbed in one’s work (Reschly and Christenson, 2012).”
BackgroundExploring Engagement in Tasks in the Language Classroom
Philp, J., & Duchesne, S. (2016) · Annual Review of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1017/s0267190515000094 · Cited by 752
Metadata
- Authors
- Reschly, A. L., & Christenson, S. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Reschly, Amy L.
- ORCID
- Reschly, Amy L.
- Venue
- Handbook of Research on Student Engagement
- Publisher
- Springer US
- Published
- 2012
- Pages
- 3-19
- OpenAlex
- W128053457
- Cited by
- 980
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 80 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 118 · 2021: 111 · 2020: 97 · 2019: 92 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 118.13
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Springer eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Youth Development and Social Support
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Keywords
- student engagement, conceptual history, disciplinary differences, youth outcomes, engagement theory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review