On areas of transition between entorhinal allocortex and temporal isocortex in the human brain. Normal morphology and lamina-specific pathology in Alzheimer's disease
Abstract
The allocortical entorhinal region does not gradually transform into the temporal isocortex. Instead, there is an extended stretch of "transentorhinal" cortex with interdigitation of allocortical and isocortical laminae. The main feature of this transition zone is that the superficial layer of large multipolar nerve cells (Pre-alpha) of the entorhinal region gradually sweeps downward and follows an oblique course through the outer layers. During this course the star-shaped nerve cells of Pre-alpha are transformed into pyramidal cells. The layer Pre-alpha projection cells are particularly prone to the development of neurofibrillary changes of the Alzheimer type. In cases of presenile and senile dementia almost all of the layer Pre-alpha projection neurons are changed pathologically. The isocortical pyramidal cells of layers II to IV are far less inclined to develop neurofibrillary changes. In the transentorhinal cortex, the tangle-bearing neurons follow an oblique course through the superficial laminae and are finally located between the isocortical layers III and IV, findings that confirm the assumption that these neurons are constituents of the allocortical layer Pre-alpha. Layer-specific pathology of the profound stratum as well confirms the transentorhinal region as being formed by interdigitating allocortical and isocortical layers.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Pre-α projection neurons of the transentorhinal cortex accumulate the first neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease along with occasional tangles in the CA1 sector of the hippocampus and select nuclei in the basal forebrain and thalamus.
“It is these Pre-α projection neurons of the transentorhinal cortex that accumulate the first NFTs in Alzheimer’s disease along with the occasional tangles observed in the CA1 sector of the hippocampus and select nuclei in the basal forebrain and thalamus [68, 71].”
From The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (2019) · cites this paper as [71]
Cites
Alzheimer's disease: cell-specific pathology isolates the hippocampal formation.
Hyman, B. T., Van Hoesen, G. W., Damasio, A. R., & Barnes, C. L. (1984) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6474172 · Cited by 2,268 · see citing works
Alzheimer's Neurofibrillary Changes: A Topographic Study
HIRANO, A. (1962) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1962.04210030065009 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes.
Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1991) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00308809 · Cited by 16,123 · see citing works
Self-citationThe neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
DeTure, M. A., & Dickson, D. W. (2019) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-019-0333-5 · Cited by 3,329 · see citing works
“CA1 sector of the hippocampus and select nuclei in the basal forebrain and thalamus [68, 71].”
BackgroundStaging of alzheimer's disease-related neurofibrillary changes
Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1995) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(95)00021-6 · Cited by 2,357 · see citing works
Self-citationLife and Death of Neurons in the Aging Brain
Morrison, J. H., & Hof, P. R. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.278.5337.412 · Cited by 1,344 · see citing works
Classification and basic pathology of Alzheimer disease
Duyckaerts, C., Delatour, B., & Potier, M.-C. (2009) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0532-1 · Cited by 1,031 · see citing works
Papp, M. I., Kahn, J. E., & Lantos, P. L. (1989) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(89)90219-0 · Cited by 991 · see citing works
Price, J. L., Davis, P. B., Morris, J. C., & White, D. L. (1991) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(91)90006-6 · Cited by 818 · see citing works
Evolution of the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease
Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1996) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1996.tb05866.x · Cited by 710 · see citing works
Self-citationAn autoradiographic evaluation of AV-1451 Tau PET in dementia
Lowe, V. J., Curran, G., Fang, P., Liesinger, A. M., Josephs, K. A., Parisi, J. E., Kantarci, K., Boeve, B. F., Pandey, M. K., Bruinsma, T., et al. (2016) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-016-0315-6 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Mann, D. M. A., & Esiri, M. M. (1989) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(89)90019-1 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Braak, H., Braak, E., Grundke-Iqbal, I., & Iqbal, K. (1986) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(86)90288-0 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Self-citationBraak, H., & Braak, E. (1987) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(87)90204-7 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Self-citationReinnervation of the hippocampal perforant pathway zone in Alzheimer's disease
Hyman, B. T., Kromer, L. J., & van Hoesen, G. W. (1987) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410210307 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Cortical tau deposition follows patterns of entorhinal functional connectivity in aging
Adams, J. N., Maass, A., Harrison, T. M., Baker, S. L., & Jagust, W. J. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.49132 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Cognitive impact of neuronal pathology in the entorhinal cortex and CA1 field in Alzheimer's disease
GUNTEN, A., KOVARI, E., BUSSIERE, T., RIVARA, C., GOLD, G., BOURAS, C., HOF, P., & GIANNAKOPOULOS, P. (2006) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.02.008 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
MANN, D. M. A., TUCKER, C. M., & YATES, P. O. (1987) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.1987.tb00176.x · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Three-dimensional analysis of synapses in the transentorhinal cortex of Alzheimer’s disease patients
Domínguez-Álvaro, M., Montero-Crespo, M., Blazquez-Llorca, L., Insausti, R., DeFelipe, J., & Alonso-Nanclares, L. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-018-0520-6 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Spiegel, J., Pirraglia, E., Osorio, R. S., Glodzik, L., Li, Y., Tsui, W., Saint Louis, L. A., Randall, C., Butler, T., Xu, J., et al. (2015) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-150167 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
- Authors
- Braak, H., & Braak, E.
- Affiliations
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- ORCID
- Braak, H.
- Venue
- Acta Neuropathologica
- Published
- 1985
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 325-332
- ISSN
- 0001-6322 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0533
- OpenAlex
- W2004347786
- Cited by
- 287
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 5.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Acta Neuropathologica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- entorhinal cortex, transentorhinal cortex, allocortex, cortical layers, neurofibrillary tangles, Alzheimer's disease, pyramidal neurons, dementia
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Limbic System, Middle Aged, Neural Pathways, Temporal Lobe
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
