CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 214Lower Extremity Biomechanics and PathologiesSports Performance and TrainingCardiovascular and exercise physiology

The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The energy cost of walking or running on sand

Open access
Zamparo, P., Perini, R., Orizio, C., Sacher, M., Ferretti, G.·1992·European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology
DOI 10.1007/bf00705078
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Oxygen uptake (VO2) at steady state, heart rate and perceived exertion were determined on nine subjects (six men and three women) while walking (3-7 km.h-1) or running (7-14 km.h-1) on sand or on a firm surface. The women performed the walking tests only. The energy cost of locomotion per unit of distance (C) was then calculated from the ratio of VO2 to speed and expressed in J.kg-1.m-1 assuming an energy equivalent of 20.9 J.ml O2-1. At the highest speeds C was adjusted for the measured lactate contribution (which ranged from approximately 2% to approximately 11% of the total). It was found that, when walking on sand, C increased linearly with speed from 3.1 J.kg-1.m-1 at 3 km.h-1 to 5.5 J.kg-1.m-1 at 7 km.h-1, whereas on a firm surface C attained a minimum of 2.3 J.kg-1.m-1 at 4.5 km.h-1 being greater at lower or higher speeds. On average, when walking at speeds greater than 3 km.h-1, C was about 1.8 times greater on sand than on compact terrain. When running on sand C was approximately independent of the speed, amounting to 5.3 J.kg-1.m-1, i.e. about 1.2 times greater than on compact terrain. These findings could be attributed to a reduced recovery of potential and kinetic energy at each stride when walking on sand (approximately 45% to be compared to approximately 65% on a firm surface) and to a reduced recovery of elastic energy when running on sand.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/bf00705078

Cites

20 of 20 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Margaria R (1938) Sulla fisiologia, e specialmente sul consumo energetico, della marcia e della corsa a varie velocit� ed inclinazione del terreno. Atti Accad Naz Lincei 7:299?368

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Metadata

Authors
Zamparo, P., Perini, R., Orizio, C., Sacher, M., & Ferretti, G.
Affiliations
University of Udine (IT)
Venue
European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
1992
Volume
65
Issue
2
Pages
183-187
ISSN
  • 0020-9376 (ISSN-L)
  • 0301-5548
  • 1439-6327
DOI
10.1007/bf00705078
OpenAlex
W2019036605
Cited by
214
References
19
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
FWCI
0.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • European Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Brescia) (submittedVersion)
  • Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
energy cost of locomotion, oxygen consumption, heart rate, perceived exertion, speed dependence
MeSH terms
Adult, Energy Metabolism, Physical Exertion, Female, Humans, Locomotion, Male, Running, Silicon Dioxide, Walking

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review