Hostility, coronary heart disease, and total mortality: A 33-year follow-up study of university students
Abstract
Hostility as measured by the Cook-Medley Hostility (HO) Scale on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory has been suggested as a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and total mortality. This study tested the HO-CHD hypothesis in a sample of 1399 men who entered the University of Minnesota in 1953 and, as part of freshman orientation, completed the MMPI. Current health status was ascertained for 94% of the sample through telephone interviews 33 years later. Higher HO scores did not predict CHD mortality, CHD morbidity, or total mortality either before or after adjustment for baseline risk factors. Among the plausible explanations for these results are that (1) hostility is not a risk factor in all populations, (2) the HO scale at age 19 does not assess a stable psychological characteristic, or (3) the HO scale is not an adequate measure of hostility.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Hostility was not associated with 33-year risk for mortality from any cause among a sample of 19-year olds.
“with 33-year risk for mortality from any cause among a sample of 19-year olds [169]”
From Personality and Longevity: Knowns, Unknowns, and Implications for Public Health and Personalized Medicine (2011) · cites this paper as [169]
Hostility was not associated with CVD risk or 25-year all-cause mortality in male physicians.
“Others found that hostility was not associated with CVD risk or 25-year all-cause mortality in male physicians [168]”
From Personality and Longevity: Knowns, Unknowns, and Implications for Public Health and Personalized Medicine (2011) · cites this paper as [168]
Cites
Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions
Fleiss, J. L., Levin, B., & Paik, M. C. (2003) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/0471445428 · Cited by 18,646 · see citing works
Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions.
Everitt, B. S., & Fleiss, J. L. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530193 · Cited by 9,034 · see citing works
Toutenburg, H. (1974) · Biometrische Zeitschrift · doi:10.1002/bimj.19740160814 · Cited by 1,540 · see citing works
Proposed hostility and Pharisaic-virtue scales for the MMPI.
Cook, W. W., & Medley, D. M. (1954) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0060667 · Cited by 1,489 · see citing works
Antecedent probability and the efficiency of psychometric signs, patterns, or cutting scores.
Meehl, P. E., & ROSEN, A. P. (1955) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0048070 · Cited by 1,227 · see citing works
Hostility, CHD Incidence, and Total Mortality: A 25-Year Follow-Up Study of 255 Physicians
Barefoot, J. C., Dahlstrom, G. W., & Williams, R. B. (1983) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198303000-00008 · Cited by 866 · see citing works
The Cook-Medley hostility scale: item content and ability to predict survival.
Barefoot, J. C., Dodge, K. A., Peterson, B. L., Dahlstrom, W. G., & Williams, R. B. (1989) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198901000-00005 · Cited by 825 · see citing works
Type A Behavior, Hostility, and Coronary Atherosclerosis*
Williams, R. B., Haney, T. L., Lee, K. L., Kong, Y., Blumenthal, J. A., & Whalen, R. E. (1980) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198011000-00002 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
Dahlstrom, W. G., Welsh, G. S., & Dahlstrom, L. E. (1972) · University of Minnesota Press eBooks · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Hostility, Risk of Coronary Heart Disease, and Mortality
Shekelle, R. B., Gale, M., Ostfeld, A. M., & Paul, O. (1983) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198305000-00003 · Cited by 554 · cited 4× · see citing works
“There is little evidence on the consistency of HO scores on different occasions: only two studies have reported test-retest data (Barefoot et al., 1983; Shekelle et al., 1983).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAnger and hostility in cardiovascular and behavioral disorders
Chesney, M. A., & Rosenman, R. H. (1985) · Hemisphere Pub. Corp. eBooks · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Anger and Hostility in Cardiovascular and Behavioral Disorders
Taylor, C. B. (1986) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(86)72691-1 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Components of Type A, Hostility, and Anger-In: Relationship to Angiographic Findings
Dembroski, T. M., MacDougall, J. M., Williams, R. B., Haney, T. L., & Blumenthal, J. A. (1985) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198505000-00001 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Matthews, K. A., Glass, D. C., Rosenman, R. H., & Bortner, R. W. (1977) · Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1016/0021-9681(77)90071-6 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Graham, J. R. (1977) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Smith, T. W., & Frohm, K. D. (1985) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.4.6.503 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Smith, T. W., & Frohm, K. D. (1985) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.4.6.503 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Biological and Psychological Factors in Cardiovascular Disease
Schmidt, T. H., Dembroski, T. M., & Blümchen, G. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-71234-0 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
McCranie, E. W., Watkins, L. O., Brandsma, J. M., & Sisson, B. D. (1986) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00848472 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Components of Type A, hostility, and anger-in: Further relationships to angiographic findings.
MacDougall, J. M., Dembroski, T. M., Dimsdale, J. E., & Hackett, T. P. (1985) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.4.2.137 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Cynicism and paranoid alienation in the Cook and Medley HO Scale.
Costa, P. T., Zonderman, A. B., McCrae, R. R., & Williams, R. B. (1986) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198603000-00014 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Content and comprehensiveness in the MMPI: An item factor analysis in a normal adult sample.
Costa, P. T., Zonderman, A. B., McCrae, R. R., & Williams, R. B. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.48.4.925 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Components of Type A, hostility, and anger-in: Further relationships to angiographic findings.
MacDougall, J. M., Dembroski, T. M., Dimsdale, J. E., et al. (1985) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.4.2.137 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Leon, G. R., Finn, S. E., Murray, D. M., & Bailey, J. M. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.56.4.597 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationSuspiciousness, health, and mortality: a follow-up study of 500 older adults.
Barefoot, J. C., Siegler, I. C., Nowlin, J. B., Peterson, B. L., Haney, T. L., & Williams, R. B. (1987) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198709000-00002 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Replicated item level factor analysis of the full MMPI.
Johnson, J. H., Null, C. H., Butcher, J. N., & Johnson, K. N. (1984) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.47.1.105 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Leon, G. R., Finn, S. E., Murray, D. M., & Bailey, J. M. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.56.4.597 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationReplicated item level factor analysis of the full MMPI.
Johnson, J. H., Null, C. H., Butcher, J. N., et al. (1984) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.47.1.105 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Components of the coronary-prone behavior pattern
Jenkins, C. D. (1966) · Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1016/0021-9681(66)90097-x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Is Neuroticism A Risk Factor for CAD? Is Type A a Measure of Neuroticism?
Costa, P. T. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-71234-0_7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The Risky Use of the MMPI Hostility Scale in Assessing Risk for Coronary Heart Disease
Colligan, R. C., & Offord, K. P. (1988) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(88)72396-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Gillum, R. F., Leon, G. R., Kamp, J., & Becerra-Aldama, J. (1980) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.48.3.405 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Gillum, R. F., Leon, G. R., Kamp, J., et al. (1980) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.48.3.405 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wang, B., & Loeb, M. B. (2017) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7237-1_17 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rozanski, A., Blumenthal, J. A., & Kaplan, J. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.16.2192 · Cited by 2,846 · see citing works
Roberts, B. W., Kuncel, N. R., Shiner, R., Caspi, A., & Goldberg, L. R. (2007) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00047.x · Cited by 2,361 · see citing works
Hemingway, H., & Marmot, M. G. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7196.1460 · Cited by 1,342 · see citing works
Gallo, L. C., & Matthews, K. A. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.10 · Cited by 1,366 · see citing works
A meta-analytic review of research on hostility and physical health.
Miller, T. Q., Smith, T. W., Turner, C. W., Guijarro, M. L., & Hallet, A. J. (1996) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.119.2.322 · Cited by 952 · see citing works
Evolutionary Personality Psychology
Buss, D. M. (1991) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.42.020191.002331 · Cited by 930 · see citing works
Suls, J., & Bunde, J. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.2.260 · Cited by 878 · see citing works
PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Everson‐Rose, S. A., & Lewis, T. T. (2005) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144542 · Cited by 806 · see citing works
The Association of Anger and Hostility With Future Coronary Heart Disease
Chida, Y., & Steptoe, A. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.11.044 · Cited by 774 · see citing works
Hostility and health: Current status of a psychosomatic hypothesis.
Smith, T. W. (1992) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.11.3.139 · Cited by 721 · see citing works
Weiss, A., & Costa, P. T. (2005) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000181272.58103.18 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
“(5) failed to replicate the relationship between the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale and mortality.”
BackgroundResultA Prospective Study of Anger and Coronary Heart Disease
Kawachi, I. I., Sparrow, D., Spiro, A., Vokonas, P., & Weiss, S. T. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.9.2090 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Everson, S. A., Kauhanen, J., Kaplan, G. A., Goldberg, D. E., Julkunen, J., Tuomilehto, J., & Salonen, J. T. (1997) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009245 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Personality and Health: Advantages and Limitations of the Five‐Factor Model
Smith, T. W., & Williams, P. (1992) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00978.x · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Chapman, B. P., Roberts, B., & Duberstein, P. (2011) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.4061/2011/759170 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Neuroendocrine, Cardiovascular, and Emotional Responses of Hostile Men
Suarez, E. C., Kuhn, C. M., Schanberg, S. M., Williams, R. B., & Zimmermann, E. A. (1998) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199801000-00017 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Barefoot, J. C., Peterson, B. L., Dahlstrom, W. G., Siegler, I. C., Anderson, N. B., & Williams, R. B. (1991) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.10.1.18 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Scheier (1995) · doi:10.1097/00006842-199505000-00007 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Eaker, E. D., Sullivan, L. M., Kelly-Hayes, M., D’Agostino, R. B., & Benjamin, E. J. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000118535.15205.8f · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Cynical hostility: Developmental factors, psychosocial correlates, and health behaviors.
Houston, B. K., & Vavak, C. R. (1991) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.10.1.9 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Developments in the measurement of hostility.
Barefoot, J. C. (1992) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10105-001 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Jamner, L. D., Shapiro, D., Goldstein, I. B., & Hug, R. (1991) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199107000-00005 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Möller, J., Hallqvist, J., Diderichsen, F., Theorell, T., Reuterwall, C., & Ahlbom, A. (1999) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199911000-00019 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Anger in Young Men and Subsequent Premature Cardiovascular Disease
Chang, P. P., Ford, D. E., Meoni, L. A., Wang, N., & Klag, M. J. (2002) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.162.8.901
“Only 2 studies have prospectively assessed the risk of CHD associated with anger in young adults: a study of male medical students followed up for 25 years showed that higher levels of anger were associated with an increased incidence of CHD,(20) whereas another study of college men followed up for 33 years found no s…”
BackgroundThe Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
The Effects of Behavioral Inhibition: Integrating Internal Cues, Cognition, Behavior, and Affect
Polivy, J. (1998) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0903_1 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Hostility and the Metabolic Syndrome in Older Males: The Normative Aging Study
NIAURA, R. S., Banks, S. M., Ward, K. D., Stoney, C. M., Spiro, A., Aldwin, C. M., Landsberg, L., & Weiss, S. T. (2000) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200001000-00002 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Matthews, K. A., Gump, B. B., Harris, K. F., Haney, T. L., & Barefoot, J. C. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000105766.33142.13 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Blood-pressure responses during social interaction in high- and low-cynically hostile males
Smith, T. W., & Allred, K. D. (1989) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00846547 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
“Three failures to replicate this relationship have been reported (Leon et al., 1988; Hearn et al., 1989; McCranie et al., 1986), although some aspects of these negative results have been criticized on methodological grounds (Williams, 1987).”
BackgroundSmith, T. W., Sanders, J. D., & Alexander, J. F. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.58.4.699 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Neurobiology, cellular and molecular biology, and psychosomatic medicine.
Williams, R. B. (1994) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199407000-00006 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Smith, T. W., & Brown, P. C. (1991) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00867172 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“, 1983) and failing to find such an association (Hearn et al., 1989; Leon et al., 1988; McCranie et al., 1986) have appeared in recent years.”
BackgroundCardiovascular and emotional responses in women: The role of hostility and harassment.
Suarez, E. C., Harlan, E., Peoples, M. C., & Williams, R. B. (1993) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.12.6.459 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Siegler, I. C., Costa, P. T., Brummett, B. H., Helms, M. J., Barefoot, J. C., Williams, R. B., Dahlstrom, W. G., Kaplan, B. H., VITALIANO, P. P., Nichaman, M. Z., et al. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000088583.25140.9c · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Prospective Study of a Self-Report Type A Scale and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Kawachi, I. I., Sparrow, D., Kubzansky, L. D., Spiro, A., Vokonas, P., & Weiss, S. T. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.98.5.405 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
The development of personality across the lifespan
Donnellan, M. B., & Robins, R. W. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.015 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Hostility and Coronary Artery Disease
Helmer, D. C., Ragland, D. R., & Syme, S. L. (1991) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115850 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Do Negative Emotions Mediate the Association between Socioeconomic Status and Health?
Gallo, L. C., & Matthews, K. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08118.x · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Temperament and brain networks of attention
Posner, M. I., & Rothbart, M. K. (2018) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0254 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Reisenzein, R., & Weber, H. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.007 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Anger and Incident Heart Disease in the Caerphilly Study
Gallacher, J., YARNELL, J. W. G., Sweetnam, P. M., Elwood, P. C., & Stansfeld, S. A. (1999) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199907000-00007 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Cognitive, Behavioral, and Affective Correlates of the Cook and Medley Hostility Scale
Pope, M. K., Smith, T. W., & Rhodewalt, F. T. (1990) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.1990.9674015 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Dimensions of anger-hostility and cardiovascular reactivity in provoked and angered men
Siegman, A. W., Anderson, R., Herbst, J. H., Boyle, S., & Wilkinson, J. (1992) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00845355 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Helmers, K. F., Krantz, D. S., Merz, C. N. B., Klein, J., Kop, W. J., Gottdiener, J. S., & 叶桂香 (1995) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.14.3.202 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Depression
D, M. F. M., Abraham, M. E., Pava, J. A., Shuster, J. L., & Rosenbaum, J. F. (1996) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(96)71595-5 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Personality and Health: Progress and Problems in Psychosomatics
Wiebe, D., & Smith, T. W. (1997) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012134645-4/50035-4 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Hostility, health, and social contexts.
Smith, T. W., & Christensen, A. J. (1992) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10105-002 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Social cognition in cynical hostility
Allred, K. D., & Smith, T. W. (1991) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01173034 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“Hearn, Murray, & Luepker, 1989; Leon, Finn, Murray, & Bailey, 1988), several important prospective studies (Barefoot, Dahlstrom, & Williams, 1983; Barefoot, Dodge, Peterson, Dahlstrom, & Williams, 1989; Shekelle, Gale, Ostfeld, & Paul, 1983) have found that high scores on this measure are associated with increased ris…”
BackgroundThe interpersonally sensitive disposition and health: An integrative review.
Marin, T. J., & Miller, G. E. (2013) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0030800 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Condition
Goldstein, M. G., & NIAURA, R. S. (1992) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(92)71989-6 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The Five Stages of Executive Coaching: Better Process Makes Better Practice
Natale, S. M., & Diamante, T. (2005) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-005-0382-2 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-regulation and control in personality functioning
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.027 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Adams, S. H., & John, O. P. (1997) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6902_11 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Is Type A Behavior Really a Trigger for Coronary Heart Disease Events?
Gallacher, J., Sweetnam, P. M., YARNELL, J. W. G., Elwood, P. C., & Stansfeld, S. A. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000041608.55974.a8 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“The failure of long-term follow-up studies to confirm short-term associations potentially has an explanation that makes sense of the initial findings (20, 21).”
BackgroundBiobehavioral research on coronary heart disease: Where is the person?
Denollet, J. (1993) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00844889 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“Other follow-up studies, however, failed to replicate the hostility-CHD association (McCranie et al., 1986; Leon et al., 1988; Hearn et al., 1989).”
Personality in cross-cultural perspective
Dragūns, J. G. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.035 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Pollitt, R. A., Daniel, M., Kaufman, J. S., Lynch, J. W., Salonen, J. T., & Kaplan, G. A. (2005) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-005-2563-y · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Some, but not all, studies of these relationships in other populations have reported an association between hostility and an elevated risk of CVD (Barefoot et al., 1995; Hearn et al., 1989; Iribarren et al., 2000; Maruta et al., 1993; Matthews et al., 1998).”
BackgroundPersonality, emotional distress and coronary heart disease
Denollet, J. (1997) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0984(199712)11:5 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Psychometric Characteristics of the MMPI-2 Cook-Medley Hostility Scale
Han, K., Weed, N. C., Calhoun, R. F., & Butcher, J. N. (1995) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6503_15 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The Personality Deviance Scales: Their development, associations, factor structure and restructuring
Deary, I. J., Bedford, A., & Fowkes, F. G. R. (1995) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(95)00061-a · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Lee, C., Jamieson, L. F., & Earley, P. C. (1996) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1379(199603)17:2 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Pulkki, L. (2003) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwg204 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Personality dimensions and measures potentially relevant to health: A focus on hostility
Friedman, H. S., Tucker, J. S., & Reise, S. P. (1995) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02903919 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Defensive hostility, gender and cardiovascular levels and responses to stress
Helmers, K. F., & Krantz, D. S. (1996) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02895286 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Hostility, Sodium Consumption, and Cardiovascular Response to Interpersonal Stress
Miller, S. B., Friese, M., Dolgoy, L., Sita, A., Lavoie, K., & Campbell, T. S. (1998) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199801000-00016 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Anger/Hostility and Cardiovascular Disease
Williams, J. E. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-89676-2_25 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Despite some reported non-replications ( Hearn, Murray, & Luepker, 1989; McCranie, Watkins,”
Zeng, W., Stason, W. B., Fournier, S., Razavi, M., Ritter, G. A., Strickler, G. K., Bhalotra, S. M., & Shepard, D. S. (2013) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2013.01.018 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Stress, depression, and lack of social support have been associated with higher risks of complications from CHD in several studies.(18-22) MBMI emphasized practice of the relaxation response during formal sessions plus daily practice at home, while Ornish included regular yoga and stress reduction sessions while encou…”
BackgroundMaruta, T., Hamburgen, M. E., JENNINGS, C. A., Offord, K. P., Colligan, R. C., Frye, R. L., & Malinchoc, M. (1993) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(12)60156-6 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Using college alumni populations in epidemiologic research: The UNC alumni heart study
Siegler, I. C. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(92)90165-j · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Stress and personality as factors in women's cardiovascular reactivity
Fichera, V., & Andreassi, J. L. (1998) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(97)00092-5 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Razzini, C., Bianchi, F., Leo, R., Fortuna, E., Siracusano, A., & Romeo, F. (2008) · Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.2459/jcm.0b013e3282f39494 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“…Ho, SS McCranie et al., 1986 [47] 478 25 MMPI, Ho, SS Leon et al., 1988 [46] 280 30 MMPI, Ho, SS Barefoot et al., 1989 [48] 118 28 MMPI, Ho, SS Hearn et al., 1989 [21] 1399 33 MMPI, Ho, SS Maruta et al., 1993 [49] 620 20 MMPI, Ho, SS Koskenvuo et al., 1988 [50] 2885 3 Self-rating SS Everson…”
Cardiac Profile and Disruptive Behavior in Boys at Risk for Delinquency
Pine, D. S., Wasserman, G. A., Coplan, J. D., STAGHEZZA, B. M., Davies, M., Fried, J. E., Greenhill, L. L., & Shaffer, D. (1996) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199607000-00007 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
�hman, A., Burell, G. K., Ramund, B., & Fleischman, N. (1992) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/bf00960090 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Ben‐Eliyahu, A., & Zeidner, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.041 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Hostility, aggression and the risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction in postmenopausal women
Lahad, A., Heckbert, S. R., Koepsell, T. D., Psaty, B. M., & Patrick, D. L. (1997) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(96)00369-8 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Hemingway, H., & Marmot, M. G. (1999) · PubMed Central · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Applegate, K. L., Keefe, F. J., Siegler, I. C., Bradley, L. A., McKee, D. C., Cooper, K. S., & Riordan, P. A. (2005) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2004.11.001 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Cynical hostility in adult male twins.
Smith, T. W., McGonigle, M. M., Turner, C. W., Ford, M. H., & Slattery, M. L. (1991) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199111000-00008 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Räikkönen, K., & Keltikangas‐Järvinen, L. (1991) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(91)90233-3 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Hostility and myocardial infraction in men
Meesters, C. M. G., & Smulders, J. (1994) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(94)90025-6 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
DeYoung, C. G., & Blain, S. D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.026 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Olson, M. B., Kelsey, S. F., Matthews, K. A., Merz, C. N. B., Eteiba, W., McGorray, S. P., Cornell, C. E., Vido, D. A., & Muldoon, M. F. (2008) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2007.0379 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“25,26 Although there have been failures to replicate the prospective association between Ho scores and health outcomes, 27–29 a meta-analysis 30 concluded that the Ho scale is most predictive of all-cause mortality and, to a lesser extent, CHD (after controlling for other CHD risk factors) relative…”
Gidron, Y., & Davidson, K. W. (1996) · Journal of behavioral medicine · doi:10.1007/bf01857766 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Psychological symptom profiles in patients with chest pain
Tennant, C., Mihailidou, A. S., Scott, A. M., Smith, R. C., Kellow, J. E., Jones, M., Hunyor, S. N., Lorang, M., & Hoschl, R. (1994) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(94)90041-8 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Empirical basis for cardiac psychology.
Allan, R., & Scheidt, S. S. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10210-002 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Feisten, G. (1995) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/0167-8760(95)00013-i · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Depression, anxiety, hostility, and physical health
Vandervoort, D. J. (1995) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf02686875 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Coronary-prone behavior. Type A behavior revisited.
Lachar, B. L. (1993) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Wong, J. M., Sin, N. L., & Whooley, M. A. (2014) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000059 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Although some prior investigators have found positive associations between CMHS subscales and CVoutcomes (6,7,13Y15,22), others have found no association (19,23,24).”
Defensive Hostility and Coronary Heart Disease: A Preliminary Investigation of Male Veterans
Jorgensen, R. S., Frankowski, J. J., Lantinga, L. J., Phadke, K., Sprafkin, R. P., & Abdul-Karim, K. (2001) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200105000-00016 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Anger and cardiovascular health.
Siegel, J. M. (1992) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10105-003 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Reisenzein, R., Hildebrandt, A., & Weber, H. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.009 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Psychiatry and Cardiovascular Disease
Schulman, J. K., Muskin, P. R., & Shapiro, P. A. (2005) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/foc.3.2.208 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Dimensions of hostility and cardiovascular response to interpersonal stress
Miller, S. B., Dolgoy, L., Friese, M., & Sita, A. (1996) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(96)00090-6 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Marušič†, A., Gudjonsson, G. H., Eysenck, H. J., & Starc, R. (1998) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00132-9 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Assessing a multidimensional type A behaviour scale
Burns, W., & Bluen, S. D. (1992) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(92)90131-8 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Stress levels, alexithymia, type A and type C personality patterns in undergraduate students.
Lală, A., Bobirnac, G., & Tipa, R. (2010) · PubMed Central · Cited by 20 · see citing works
An Exploration of the Relation Between Hostility and Disease
Ranchor, A. V., Sanderman, R., Bauma, J., Buunk, B. P., & van den Heuvel, W. J. (1997) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1023/a:1025538926879 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Felsten, G., & Leitten, C. L. (1993) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(93)90093-i · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Davidson, K. W. (1993) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb00786.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hearn, M. D., Murray, D. M., & Luepker, R. V.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Behavioral Medicine
- Published
- 1989-04
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 105-121
- ISSN
- 0160-7715 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3521
- OpenAlex
- W2010803175
- Cited by
- 196
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 10.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Behavioral Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5t32hl007328-25, 2s07rr005448-30)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2T32 HL07328)
- National Center for Research Resources (2-S07-RR 05448)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Keywords
- hostility, coronary artery disease, all-cause mortality, MMPI, personality risk factors, university students, long-term follow-up, personality stability
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Angina Pectoris, Coronary Artery Bypass, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Coronary Disease, Follow-Up Studies, Hostility, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Minnesota, MMPI, Myocardial Infarction, Psychometrics, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
