A second sensory?motor?interneuron with neurosecretory granules inHydra
Abstract
Using serial-sectioning techniques for conventional transmission and high-voltage electron microscopy, we characterized the ultrastructural features and synaptic contacts of the sensory cell in tentacles of Hydra. The sensory cell has an apical specialization characterized by a recessed cilium surrounded by three rodlike stereocilia. This ciliary--stereociliary complex constitutes the receptive or dendritic pole of the sensory cell. The dense filamentous cores of the stereocilia project proximally into a narrow circumciliary cytoplasmic region connected by septate junctions to marginal processes of an enveloping epitheliomuscular cell. The central cilium has a characteristic marginal flare midway along its length and a dense filamentous substructure at its base. Pairs of branched, striated rootlets extend from the axial centriole into a mitochondria-rich region of the cell. Pigment-like granules are present in the cytoplasm around the circumciliary space. The perikaryon is characterized by an elongate nucleus surrounded by a narrow rim of cytoplasm containing prominent Golgi complexes, assorted vacuoles and dense-cored vesicles, free ribosomes, short segments of rough endoplasmic reticulum, microtubules, glycogen particles, and lipid droplets. Generally, one or two thin, naked axons extend laterally from the perikaryon into the nerve net region above the myonemes of the large epitheliomuscular cells. Within the axons are found occasional aggregates of dense-cored vesicles and en passant synapses characterized by the presence of clear or dense-cored vesicles in contact with paramembranous densities and associated intracleft cross filaments. Using these ultrastructural criteria, we demonstrated for the first time that the granule-containing sensory cells have synaptic contacts with other neurons, nematocytes, and epitheliomuscular cells hence, we considered these cells to be sensory--motor--interneurons with neurosecretory granules. We hypothesize that this unique, apparently multifunctional neuron may be a modern representative of a primitive stem cell that give rise evolutionarily to the sensory cells, motor neurons, interneurons, and neurosecretory cells of higher animals.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Direct sensory-motor neurons innervating muscles can still be observed in cnidarian nervous systems.
“In support of the neuro-myoepithelial cell scenario, direct sensory-motor neurons, innervating muscles, can still be observed in cnidarian nervous systems.”
From Origin and early evolution of neural circuits for the control of ciliary locomotion (2011) · cites this paper as [61]
These neurons trigger local muscle contractions.
“These neurons trigger local muscle contractions.”
From Origin and early evolution of neural circuits for the control of ciliary locomotion (2011) · cites this paper as [61]
Direct sensory-motor neurons innervating muscles were described in the tentacles of Hydra and the sea anemone Aiptasia.
“They were described in the tentacles of Hydra [60–63] and the sea anemone Aiptasia [64].”
From Origin and early evolution of neural circuits for the control of ciliary locomotion (2011) · cites this paper as [61]
Cites
A SIMPLIFIED LEAD CITRATE STAIN FOR USE IN ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Venable, J. H., & Coggeshall, R. E. (1965) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.25.2.407 · Cited by 4,555 · see citing works
A Modified Method for Lead Staining of Thin Sections
Sato, T. (1968) · Journal of Electron Microscopy · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a049610 · Cited by 820 · see citing works
Hudspeth, A. J., & Corey, D. P. (1977) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.74.6.2407 · Cited by 771 · see citing works
Cohen, B. (1977) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.27.12.1184 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Kandel, E. R. (1976) · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology
Dr, N. (1953) · Nature · doi:10.1038/171339a0 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Organization and synaptic physiology of crustacean neuromuscular systems
Atwood, H. L. (1976) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(76)90009-5 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
The Elementary Nervous System.
Parkhurst, H. H., & Parker, G. H. (1919) · The Journal of Philosophy Psychology and Scientific Methods · doi:10.2307/2940224 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
The elementary nervous system.
Parker, G. H. (1919) · doi:10.1037/13832-000 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Estable-Puig, J. F., Bauer, W. C., & Blumberg, J. M. (1965) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/00005072-196507000-00012 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Ultrastructural evidence for a granule-containing sensory-motor-interneuron in Hydra littoralis
Westfall, J. A. (1973) · Journal of Ultrastructure Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-5320(73)90055-5 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citationStructure of Invertebrate Photoreceptors
Eakin, R. M. (1972) · Handbook of sensory physiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65066-6_16 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Schaller, H. (1973) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.29.1.27 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Horridge, G. A. (1968) · Nature · doi:10.1038/220623a0 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
ULTRASTRUCTURAL EVIDENCE OF POLARIZED SYNAPSES IN THE NERVE NET OF HYDRA
Westfall, J. A., Yamataka, S., & Enos, P. D. (1971) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.51.1.318 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationDavis, L. E., Burnett, A. L., Haynes, J. F., Osborne, D. G., & Spear, M. L. (1968) · Journal of Experimental Zoology · doi:10.1002/jez.1401670305 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
van Lennep, E. W. (1971) · Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0031-3025(16)39411-9 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Lentz, T. L. (1968) · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Schaller, H., & Gierer, A. (1973) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.29.1.39 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
FINE STRUCTURE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OFHYDRA
LFNTZ, T. L., & Rj, B. (1965) · American Zoologist · doi:10.1093/icb/5.3.341 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Action of the head activator as a growth hormone in hydra
Schaller, H. (1976) · Cell Differentiation · doi:10.1016/0045-6039(76)90009-9 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Histologie von Hydra fusca mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Nervensystems der Hydropolypen
Schneider, K. C. (1890) · Archiv für Mikroskopische Anatomie · doi:10.1007/bf02955882 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Excitability of nerve-free hydra
Campbell, R. D., Josephson, R. K., Schwab, W., & Rushforth, N. B. (1976) · Nature · doi:10.1038/262388a0 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Ultrastructural Evidence for Neuromuscular Systems in Coelenterates
Westfall, J. A. (1973) · American Zoologist · doi:10.1093/icb/13.2.237 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationHydra: Induction of Supernumerary Heads by Isolated Neurosecretory Granules
Lentz, T. L. (1965) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.150.3696.633 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Current Problems in Invertebrate Neurosecretion
Scharrer, B., & Weitzman, M. C. (1970) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-46207-8_1 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
A possible proprioceptor in Ceriantheopsis americanus (cnidaria, ceriantharia)
Peteya, D. J. (1973) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00306682 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
A Qualitative and Quantitative Inventory of Nervous Cells in Hydra Attenuata Pall
Tardent, P., & Weber, C. (1976) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9724-4_52 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Osmium tetroxide-zinc iodide staining of golgi elements and surface coats of hydras
Elias, P. M., Park, H. D., Patterson, A. E., Lutzner, M. A., & Wetzel, B. K. (1972) · Journal of Ultrastructure Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-5320(72)80024-8 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The Ultrastructural Basis for the Electrical Coordination Between Epithelia of Hydra
Hufnagel, L. A., & Kass‐Simon, G. (1976) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9724-4_71 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
THE EFFECT OF URETHAN ON HYDRA
Macklin, M. (1976) · Biological Bulletin · doi:10.2307/1540684 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
From nerve net to nerve ring, nerve cord and brain — evolution of the nervous system
Arendt, D., Tosches, M. A., & Marlow, H. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2015.15 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
The interstitial cell lineage of hydra: a stem cell system that arose early in evolution
Bode, H. R. (1996) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.109.6.1155 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
On the Independent Origins of Complex Brains and Neurons
Moroz, L. L. (2009) · Brain, Behavior and Evolution · doi:10.1159/000258665 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Cnidarians and the evolutionary origin of the nervous system
Watanabe, H., Fujisawa, T., & Holstein, T. W. (2009) · Development, Growth & Differentiation · doi:10.1111/j.1440-169x.2009.01103.x · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Peptides in the Nervous Systems of Cnidarians: Structure, Function, and Biosynthesis
Grimmelikhuijzen, C. J. P., Leviev, I., & Carstensen, K. (1996) · International review of cytology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61345-5 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Ultrastructure of mouse vallate taste buds. I. Taste cells and their associated synapses
Kinnamon, J. C., Taylor, B. J., Delay, R. J., & Roper, S. D. (1985) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902350105 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuropeptides regulate swimming depth of Platynereis larvae
Conzelmann, M., Offenburger, S.-L., Asadulina, A., Keller, T., Münch, T. A., & Jékely, G. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1109085108 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
The nervous systems of Cnidarians
Grimmelikhuijzen, C. J. P., & Westfall, J. A. (1995) · Experientia Supplementum · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-9219-3_2 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationSchmid, V. J., & Alder, H. (1984) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(84)90275-7 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Ultrastructure of mouse vallate taste buds: III. Patterns of synaptic connectivity
Kinnamon, J. C., Sherman, T. A., & Roper, S. D. (1988) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902700102 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationGastric pouches and the mucociliary sole: setting the stage for nervous system evolution
Arendt, D., Benito-Gutierrez, E., Brunet, T., & Marlow, H. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0286 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of hydra
Grimmelikhuijzen, C. J. P., Dockray, G. J., & Schot, L. P. C. (1982) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/bf00493364 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Origin and early evolution of neural circuits for the control of ciliary locomotion
Jékely, G. (2011) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.2027 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Cnidocyte discharge is regulated by light and opsin-mediated phototransduction
Plachetzki, D. C., Fong, C. R., & Oakley, T. H. (2012) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/1741-7007-10-17 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Current views on the paraneurone concept
Fujita, T., & Kobayashi, S. (1979) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(79)90013-4 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Nerve ring of the hypostome in Hydra. I. Its structure, development, and maintenance
Koizumi, O., Itazawa, M., Mizumoto, H., Minobe, S., Javois, L. C., Grimmelikhuijzen, C. J. P., & Bode, H. R. (1992) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903260103 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Gastrin/CCK-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of coelenterates
Grimmelikhuijzen, C. J. P., Sundler, F., & Rehfeld, J. F. (1980) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/bf00508367 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Grimmelikhuijzen, C. J. P., Williamson, M. P., & Hansen, G. N. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0998-9_5 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Oxytocin/vasopressin-like immunoreactivity is present in the nervous system of hydra
Grimmelikhuijzen, C. J. P., Dierickx, K., & Boer, G. J. (1982) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(82)90241-x · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Westfall, J. A., Elliott, C. F., & Carlin, R. W. (2002) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/jmor.1075 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationPlasticity in the nervous system of adult hydra
Koizumi, O., & Bode, H. R. (1986) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/0012-1606(86)90142-9 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Ultrastructure of synapses in the first-evolved nervous systems
Westfall, J. A. (1996) · Journal of Neurocytology · doi:10.1007/bf02284838 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationA two‐step process in the emergence of neurogenesis
Galliot, B., & Quiquand, M. (2011) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07829.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Dunne, J. F., Javois, L. C., Huang, L. W., & Bode, H. R. (1985) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/0012-1606(85)90344-6 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Substance P-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of hydra
Grimmelikhuijzen, C. J. P., Balfe, A., Emson, P. C., Powell, D., & Sundler, F. (1981) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/bf00495879 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Koizumi, O., Wilson, J. D., Grimmelikhuijzen, C. J. P., & Westfall, J. A. (1989) · Journal of Experimental Zoology · doi:10.1002/jez.1402490105 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationRecent advances and model systems in coelenterate neurobiology
Anderson, P. A. V., & Schwab, W. E. (1982) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(82)90007-7 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Types of neurons and synaptic connections at hypostome‐tentacle junctions in Hydra
Kinnamon, J. C., & Westfall, J. A. (1982) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/jmor.1051730110 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationA three dimensional serial reconstruction of neuronal distributions in the hypostome of a Hydra
Kinnamon, J. C., & Westfall, J. A. (1981) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/jmor.1051680308 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctional organization of battery cell complexes in tentacles of Hydra attenuata
Hufnagel, L. A., Kass‐Simon, G., & Lyon, M. K. (1985) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/jmor.1051840307 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The genealogy of genealogy of neurons
Moroz, L. L. (2014) · Communicative & Integrative Biology · doi:10.4161/19420889.2014.993269 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Plasticity in the nervous system of adult hydra
Koizumi, O., Heimfeld, S., & Bode, H. R. (1988) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/0012-1606(88)90383-1 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Coexistence of neuropeptides in hydra
Grimmelikhuijzen, C. J. P. (1983) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(83)90272-5 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Serotonin‐immunoreactive neurons in the cnidarian Renilla koellikeri
Umbriaco, D., Anctil, M., & Descarries, L. (1990) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902910202 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Present status of paraneuron concept.
Fujita, T. (1989) · Archivum histologicum japonicum · doi:10.1679/aohc.52.suppl_1 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
BIOLOGY OF HYDRACTINIID HYDROIDS. 4. ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE PLANULA OFHYDRACTINIA ECHINATA
Weis, V. M., Keene, D. R., & Buss, L. W. (1985) · Biological Bulletin · doi:10.2307/1541521 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Chapter 18 Transdifferentiation Occurs Continuously in Adult Hydra
Bode, H. R., Dunne, J. F., Heimfeld, S., Huang, L. W., Javois, L. C., Koizumi, O., Westerfield, J., & Yaross, M. S. (1986) · Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/s0070-2153(08)60668-7 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Hobmayer, E., Holstein, T. W., & David, C. N. (1990) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.109.4.897 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Mackie, G. O., Marx, R. M., & Meech, R. W. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.00450 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Neuro-epitheliomuscular cell and neuro-neuronal gap junctions inHydra
Westfall, J. A., Kinnamon, J. C., & Sims, D. (1980) · Journal of Neurocytology · doi:10.1007/bf01205015 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationNeurotensin-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of hydra
Grimmelikhuijzen, C. J. P., Carraway, R. E., R�kaeus, �., & Sundler, F. (1981) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/bf00517133 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Bombesin-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of hydra
Grimmelikhuijzen, C. J. P., Dockray, G. J., & Yanaihara, N. (1981) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/bf00493017 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Hansen, G. N., Williamson, M. P., & Grimmelikhuijzen, C. J. P. (2000) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s004410000240 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Neurones and neuropeptides in coelenterates.
Grimmelikhuijzen, C. J. P., Graff, D., & MCFARLANE, I. D. (1989) · Archivum histologicum japonicum · doi:10.1679/aohc.52.suppl_265 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Perioral synaptic connections and their possible role in the feeding behavior of Hydra
Westfall, J. A., & Kinnamon, J. C. (1984) · Tissue and Cell · doi:10.1016/0040-8166(84)90055-7 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationHoltmann, M., & Thurm, U. (2001) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.1118 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The fine structure of the hypostome and mouth of hydra
Wood, R. L. (1979) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00236142 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Peptide neuroregulators in invertebrates
HAYNES, L. (1980) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(80)90023-4 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The presence and distribution of Antho-RFamide-like material in scyphomedusae
Anderson, P. A. V., Moosler, A., & Grimmelikhuijzen, C. J. P. (1992) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00318692 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Ultrastructure of Invertebrate Synapses
Westfall, J. A. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1955-9_2 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Evolution of Invertebrate Photopigments and Photoreceptors
Cronin, T. W., & Porter, M. L. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4355-1_4 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Chemical anatomy of hydra nervous system using antibodies against hydra neuropeptides: a review
Koizumi, O., Sato, N., & Goto, C. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-2762-8_5 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Neuropeptides in coelenterates: a review
Grimmelikhuijzen, C. J. P., Graff, D., Koizumi, O., Westfall, J. A., & McFarlane, I. D. (1991) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/bf00026513 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopmental neurobiology of hydra, a model animal of cnidarians
Koizumi, O. (2002) · Canadian Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1139/z02-134 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Glutamatergic and GABAnergic control in the tentacle effector systems of Hydra vulgaris
Kass‐Simon, G., & Scappaticci, A. A. (2004) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-004-2647-7 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Westfall, J. A., Sayyar, K. L., & Elliott, C. F. (1998) · Invertebrate Biology · doi:10.2307/3226984 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationYaross, M. S., Westerfield, J., Javois, L. C., & Bode, H. R. (1986) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/0012-1606(86)90398-2 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Glutamatergic and GABAnergic control in the tentacle effector systems of Hydra vulgaris
Kass‐Simon, G., & Scappaticci, A. A. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-2762-8_8 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Variations of concentric hair cells in a Cnidarian sensory epithelium (Coryne tubulosa)
Holtmann, M., & Thurm, U. (2001) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.1119.abs · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Chapter 9 The Potential for Transdifferentiation of Differentiated Medusa Tissues in Vitro
Schmid, V. J., & Alder, H. (1986) · Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/s0070-2153(08)60659-6 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Nieuwenhuys, R. (2000) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(00)25006-1 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Chemical anatomy of hydra nervous system using antibodies against hydra neuropeptides: a review
Koizumi, O., Sato, N., & Goto, C. (2004) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-004-2636-x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Regionalized nervous system in Hydra and the mechanism of its development
Noro, Y., Yum, S., Nishimiya‐Fujisawa, C., Busse, C., Shimizu, H., Mineta, K., Zhang, X., Holstein, T. W., David, C. N., Gojobori, T., et al. (2019) · Gene Expression Patterns · doi:10.1016/j.gep.2019.01.003 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Ev, R., & Raikova, O. I. (2015) · Zoology · doi:10.1016/j.zool.2015.11.004 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Suspected chemoreceptors in coelenterates and ctenophores
Kass‐Simon, G., & Hufnagel, L. A. (1992) · Microscopy Research and Technique · doi:10.1002/jemt.1070220305 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Golz, R., & Thurm, U. (1993) · PROTOPLASMA · doi:10.1007/bf01378858 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Neural pathways and innervation of cnidocytes in tentacles of sea anemones
Westfall, J. A. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-2762-8_14 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationTHE CNIDOCIL APPARATUS OF HYDROZOANS: A PROGENITOR OF HIGHER METAZOAN MECHANORECEPTORS?
Holstein, T. W., & Hausmann, K. (1988) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-345320-4.50009-2 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Giez, C., Pinkle, D., Giencke, Y., Wittlieb, J., Herbst, E., Spratte, T., Lachnit, T., Klimovich, A. V., Selhuber‐Unkel, C., & Bosch, T. C. G. (2023) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.038 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Epithelial sensory structures of trochids
Crisp, M. (1981) · Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom · doi:10.1017/s0025315400045938 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Mechanism of Nematocyst Discharge and Its Cellular Control
Hidaka, M. (1993) · Advances in comparative and environmental physiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-77528-4_2 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Westfall, J. A., Landers, D. D., & McCallum, J. D. (1998) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4687(199810)238:1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationOrigin and Evolution of the First Nervous System
Lichtneckert, R., & Reichert, H. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-12-370878-8/00157-9 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF NEMATOCYTE INNERVATION IN BATTERY CELL COMPLEXES OF THE HYDRA TENTACLE
Hufnagel, L. A., & Kass‐Simon, G. (1988) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-345320-4.50032-8 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Structure, development, and maintenance of the nerve net of the body column in hydra
Sakaguchi, M., Mizusina, A., & Kobayakawa, Y. (1996) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19960909)373:1 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Development of Nerve Cells in Hydrozoan Planulae: I. Differentiation of Ganglionic Cells
Martin, V. J. (1988) · Biological Bulletin · doi:10.2307/1541957 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Reuter, M., & Palmberg, I. (1987) · Acta Zoologica · doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.1987.tb00886.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Neuropeptides in coelenterates: a review
Grimmelikhuijzen, C. J. P., Graff, D., Koizumi, O., Westfall, J. A., & McFarlane, I. D. (1991) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-3240-4_78 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationHibberd, T. J., Travis, L., Wiklendt, L., Costa, M., Brookes, S. J., Hu, H., Keating, D. J., & Spencer, N. J. (2017) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00234.2017 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Westfall, J. A. (1988) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-345320-4.50008-0 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationYu, S., Westfall, J. A., & Dunne, J. F. (1985) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/jmor.1051840208 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationImmunocytochemical evidence for an NMDA1 receptor subunit in dissociated cells of Hydra vulgaris
Scappaticci, A. A., Jacques, R. O., Carroll, J. E., Hufnagel, L. A., & Kass‐Simon, G. (2004) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-004-0879-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
TOWARDS A NEUROETHOLOGY OF NEMATOCYST DISCHARGE IN THE TENTACLES OF HYDRA
Kass‐Simon, G. (1988) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-345320-4.50033-x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Neuropeptides in Invertebrates
Grimmelikhuijzen, C. J. P., Graff, D., Groeger, A., & McFarlane, I. D. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1955-9_6 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Neural pathways and innervation of cnidocytes in tentacles of sea anemones
Westfall, J. A. (2004) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-004-2678-0 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationNeurons and Their Peptide Transmitters in Coelenterates
Grimmelikhuijzen, C. J. P., Graff, D., Koizumi, O., Westfall, J. A., & McFarlane, I. D. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0921-3_7 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationFine structure of touch-plates in the scyphomedusan Aurelia aurita
Hündgen, M., & Biela, C. (1982) · Journal of Ultrastructure Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-5320(82)90016-8 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Multifunctional features of a gastrodermal sensory cell inHydra: three-dimensional study
Westfall, J. A., Wilson, J. D., Rogers, R. A., & Kinnamon, J. C. (1991) · Journal of Neurocytology · doi:10.1007/bf01235543 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationTension sensitivity of the heart pacemaker neurons in the isopod crustaceanLigia pallasii
Sakurai, A., & Wilkens, J. L. (2002) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.00050 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Matsuno, T., & Kageyama, T. (1984) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/jmor.1051820204 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Bode, H. R., & Steele, R. E. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.243.4890.549 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Scanning electron microscopy of neurons isolated from the pedal disk and body column of Hydra
Westfall, J. A., & EPP, L. G. (1985) · Tissue and Cell · doi:10.1016/0040-8166(85)90085-0 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationThe photobiology of Hydra’s periodic activity
Taddei-Ferretti, C., Musio, C., Santillo, S., & Cotugno, A. (2004) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-004-2680-6 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Westfall, J. A., & Sayyar, K. L. (1997) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4687(199705)232:2 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationNielsen, S. K. D., Koch, T. L., Wiisbye, S. H., Grimmelikhuijzen, C. J. P., & Garm, A. L. (2021) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.25133 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Nerve net formation in the primitive nervous system of Hydra — an overview
Koizumi, O., Mizumoto, H., Sugiyama, T., & Bode, H. R. (1990) · Neuroscience Research Supplements · doi:10.1016/0921-8696(90)90046-6 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Westfall, J. A., Argast, D. R., & Kinnamon, J. C. (1983) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/jmor.1051780202 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationA single layer of microtubules is part of a complex cytoskeleton in mature nematocytes of hydra
Stidwill, R. P., & Honegger, T. G. (1989) · Tissue and Cell · doi:10.1016/0040-8166(89)90062-1 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The Discovery, Proof and Reproof of Neurosecretion: (Speidel, 1917; Scharrer and Scharrer, 1934)
Sarnat, H. B. (1983) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/s0317167100044954 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Origin and Evolution of the Nervous System Considered from the Diffuse Nervous System of Cnidarians
Koizumi, O. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31305-4_6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Westfall, J. A., & Kinnamon, J. C.
- Affiliations
- Kansas State University (US)
- ORCID
- Kinnamon, John C.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurocytology
- Published
- 1978-06
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 365-379
- ISSN
- 0300-4864 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7381
- OpenAlex
- W2355562841
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 7.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Neurocytology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
- Keywords
- Hydra, neurosecretory granules, stereocilia, synaptic connectivity, nematocytes, epitheliomuscular cells, nerve net, dense core vesicles, cnidarian nervous system
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Axons, Cilia, Cytoplasmic Granules, Biological Evolution, Hydra, Interneurons, Microscopy, Electron, Synaptic Transmission, Neurosecretion, Synapses
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
