On the Independent Origins of Complex Brains and Neurons
Open accessAbstract
Analysis of the origin and evolution of neurons is crucial for revealing principles of organization of neural circuits with unexpected implications for genomic sciences, biomedical applications and regenerative medicine. This article presents an overview of some controversial ideas about the origin and evolution of neurons and nervous systems, focusing on the independent origin of complex brains and possible independent origins of neurons. First, earlier hypotheses related to the origin of neurons are summarized. Second, the diversity of nervous systems and convergent evolution of complex brains in relation to current views about animal phylogeny is discussed. Third, the lineages of molluscs and basal metazoans are used as illustrated examples of multiple origins of complex brains and neurons. Finally, a hypothesis about the independent origin of complex brains, centralized nervous systems and neurons is outlined. Injury-associated mechanisms leading to secretion of signal peptides (and related molecules) can be considered as evolutionary predecessors of inter-neuronal signaling and the major factors in the appearance of neurons in the first place.
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The first nervous systems are suggested to be primarily peptidergic in nature.
“The first nervous systems are suggested to be primarily peptidergic in nature 7 .”
From The ctenophore genome and the evolutionary origins of neural systems (2014) · cites this paper as [7]
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Evolution of glutamatergic signaling and synapses
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Where is my mind? How sponges and placozoans may have lost neural cell types
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Multiple Origins of Neurons From Secretory Cells
Moroz, L. L. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.669087 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationTowards the Idea of Molecular Brains
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Moroz, L. L. (2010) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/neuro.24.006.2010 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationComplex Homology and the Evolution of Nervous Systems
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A new perspective on the organization of an invertebrate brain
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On the Origin and Evolution of the Tripartite Brain
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Yoshida, M., Ogura, A., Ikeo, K., Shigeno, S., Moritaki, T., Winters-Bostwick, G. C., Kohn, A. B., & Moroz, L. L. (2015) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/icv049 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopmental and architectural principles of the lateral-line neural map
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The genealogy of genealogy of neurons
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Complex neural architecture in the diploblastic larva of Clava multicornis (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria)
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The Evolutionary History of Brains for Numbers
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Predation and the Origin of Neurones
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Cephalopods and the evolution of the mind.
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Reconciling the deep homology of neuromodulation with the evolution of behavior
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Recent Advances and Unanswered Questions in Deep Molluscan Phylogenetics*
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Moroz, L. L. (2018) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00100 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationAn RNA-Based Theory of Natural Universal Computation.
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Vertebrate Cranial Placodes as Evolutionary Innovations—The Ancestor's Tale
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Neural system and receptor diversity in the ctenophore Beroe abyssicola
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Self-citationNeuroethology of number sense across the animal kingdom
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Conditions for minimal intelligence across eukaryota: a cognitive science perspective
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Alternative neural systems: What is a neuron? (Ctenophores, sponges and placozoans)
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Phylogenomics meets neuroscience: How many times might complex brains have evolved?
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Evo-devo of non-bilaterian animals
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Evolution of the first nervous systems – what can we surmise?
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Nervous-Like Circuits in the Ribosome Facts, Hypotheses and Perspectives
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Development of neuromuscular organization in the ctenophore Pleurobrachia bachei
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Self-citationIntegration, lateralization, and animal experience
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Phylostratigraphic Profiles in Zebrafish Uncover Chordate Origins of the Vertebrate Brain
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Amino acids integrate behaviors in nerveless placozoans
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- Authors
- Moroz, L. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida (US)
- Corresponding author
- Moroz, Leonid L.
- ORCID
- Moroz, Leonid L.
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior and Evolution
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 177-190
- ISSN
- 0006-8977 (ISSN-L)
- 1421-9743
- PMC
- PMC2855278
- OpenAlex
- W2073642997
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 0.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Evolution (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0744649)
- Brain Research Foundation
- McKnight Foundation
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Research Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (1R01NS06076)
- National Center for Research Resources (R21RR025699)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Keywords
- nervous system evolution, Mollusca, basal metazoans, animal phylogeny, neural circuit organization
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Biological Evolution, Models, Biological, Mollusca, Neurons
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