Sex differences in autism
Abstract
Comparisons were made between male and female children with autism, 384 boys and 91 girls, aged 3 years to 8 years, on nonverbal measures of intelligence, adaptive functioning, receptive vocabulary, perception, and eye-hand integration, and on ratings of affect, play, and relating and human interest. Males showed more advanced performances on eye-hand integration and perception skills on the Psychoeducational Profile (PEP) and had higher nonverbal IQs social quotients, and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) IQs than females. When nonverbal IQ was controlled, the main effect of sex remained; however, sex differences on PPVT scores and on eye-hand integration and perception scale disappeared. Males showed more unusual visual responses and less appropriate, more stereotypic play than females. These results are discussed in terms of hypotheses concerning sex differences in genetic thresholds and in hemispheric lateralization.
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Females with ASD have historically presented with lower IQ than boys.
“Females with ASD have historically presented with lower IQ than boys [3, 12, 13].”
From Early sex differences are not autism-specific: A Baby Siblings Research Consortium (BSRC) study (2015) · cites this paper as [13]
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- Authors
- Lord, C., Schopler, E., & Revicki, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- East Carolina University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 1982-12
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 317-330
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W2022976804
- Cited by
- 303
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 9.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- sex differences, autism spectrum disorder, children, nonverbal intelligence, eye-hand coordination, perceptual skills, receptive vocabulary, adaptive behavior, affect, hemispheric lateralization
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Autistic Disorder, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Functional Laterality, Male, Psychomotor Performance, Sex Factors, Stereotyped Behavior, Vocabulary
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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