Residual effects of muscle strength and muscle power training and detraining on physical function in community-dwelling prefrail older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Zech, Astrid; Drey, Michael; Freiberger, Ellen; Hentschke, Christian; Bauer, Juergen M; Sieber, Cornel C; Pfeifer, Klaus

doi:10.1186/1471-2318-12-68

Cited by 141Nutrition and Health in AgingFrailty in Older AdultsBalance, Gait, and Falls Prevention

Residual effects of muscle strength and muscle power training and detraining on physical function in community-dwelling prefrail older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

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Zech, Astrid, Drey, Michael, Freiberger, Ellen, Hentschke, Christian, Bauer, Juergen M, Sieber, Cornel C, Pfeifer, Klaus·2012·BMC Geriatrics

DOI 10.1186/1471-2318-12-68PMC PMC3538686

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although resistance exercise interventions have been shown to be beneficial in prefrail or frail older adults it remains unclear whether there are residual effects when the training is followed by a period of detraining. The aim of this study was to establish the sustainability of a muscle power or muscle strength training effect in prefrail older adults following training and detraining. METHODS: 69 prefrail community-dwelling older adults, aged 65-94 years were randomly assigned into three groups: muscle strength training (ST), muscle power training (PT) or controls. The exercise interventions were performed for 60 minutes, twice a week over 12 weeks. Physical function (Short Physical Performance Battery=SPPB), muscle power (sit-to-stand transfer=STS), self-reported function (SF-LLFDI) and appendicular lean mass (aLM) were measured at baseline and at 12, 24 and 36 weeks after the start of the intervention. RESULTS: For the SPPB, significant intervention effects were found at 12 weeks in both exercise groups (ST: p = 0.0047; PT: p = 0.0043). There were no statistically significant effects at 24 and 36 weeks. In the ST group, the SPPB declined continuously after stop of exercising whereas the PT group and controls remained unchanged. No effects were found for muscle power, SF-LLFDI and aLM. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that both intervention types are equally effective at 12 weeks but did not result in statistically significant residual effects when the training is followed by a period of detraining. The unchanged SPPB score at 24 and 36 weeks in the PT group indicates that muscle power training might be more beneficial than muscle strength training. However, more research is needed on the residual effects of both interventions. Taken the drop-out rates (PT: 33%, ST: 21%) into account, muscle power training should also be used more carefully in prefrail older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial has been registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00783159)

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Six RCTs recruited older adults with low to moderate functioning.
“Most of the studies (14 of 20 [70%]) enrolled community-living older adults who were well functioning, and 6 RCTs recruited older adults with low to moderate functioning.30,33,39,50,51”
From Comparison of Power Training vs Traditional Strength Training on Physical Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [39]
Most studies (14 of 20 [70%]) enrolled community-living older adults who were well functioning.
“Most of the studies (14 of 20 [70%]) enrolled community-living older adults who were well functioning, and 6 RCTs recruited older adults with low to moderate functioning.30,33,39,50,51”
From Comparison of Power Training vs Traditional Strength Training on Physical Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [39]
The Methods describe one trial of 69 prefrail, community-dwelling older adults, not a set of 20 studies. A search for the 14-of-20 figure and well-functioning participants found no passage in our copy that verifies the quoted majority claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Five included studies had good internal validity, eight were classified as poor to fair, and one was classified as having poor internal validity.
“Five studies were considered to have ‘good’ internal validity [3, 30, 33, 35, 38], 8 studies were classified as ‘poor’ to ‘fair’ [4, 5, 9, 29, 31, 32, 37, 39], and 1 study was classified as having ‘poor’ interal validity [7].”
From Effectiveness of power training compared to strength training in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [38]
The citation to Zech’s trial [7] is attached to the classification of one study as having poor internal validity, not to the counts for the other studies. The Methods describe random allocation and a blinded assessor, and the Results report attrition, but our copy does not classify the trial’s internal validity as poor. Searched for internal validity, quality ratings, and risk of bias; no passage establishes that classification. (LLM, conf=0.73)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Self-citation
RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access
Zech, A., Drey, M., Freiberger, E., Hentschke, C., Bauer, J. M., Sieber, C. C., & Pfeifer, K. (2016)
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Detraining and retraining in older adults following long-term muscle power or muscle strength specific training
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Comparison of High-Intensity Resistance and Power Training Programs in Pre-Frail and Frail Older Adults
Mierzwicki, J. T., Fox, M. A., Griffith, K. R., Harrison, K. M., Holstay, D. K., & Singley, N. M. (2020) · Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics · doi:10.1080/02703181.2020.1748161 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Authors: Zech, A., Drey, M., Freiberger, E., Hentschke, C., Bauer, J. M., Sieber, C. C., & Pfeifer, K.
Affiliations: Universität Hamburg (DE)
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
Corresponding author: Zech, Astrid
ORCID: Zech, Astrid
Drey, Michael
Freiberger, Ellen
Sieber, Cornel C
Pfeifer, Klaus
Venue: BMC Geriatrics
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2012-11-07
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Pages: 68-68
ISSN: 1471-2318 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-12-68
PMC: PMC3538686
OpenAlex: W2128918644
Cited by: 141
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3
FWCI: 4.07
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
www.springer.com/tdm (unspecified)
Locations: BMC Geriatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
OPUS FAU (Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (KOBV), on behalf of the Universitätsbibliothek Erlangen-Nürnberg) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Robert Bosch Stiftung
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
Keywords: pre-frailty, older adults, resistance training, muscle power training, detraining, residual effects, physical function, Short Physical Performance Battery, sit-to-stand, appendicular lean mass, community-dwelling older adults
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Exercise Therapy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Physical Fitness, Residence Characteristics, Frail Elderly, Treatment Outcome, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training

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Residual effects of muscle strength and muscle power training and detraining on physical function in community-dwelling prefrail older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

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