Cited by 293Personality Traits and PsychologyMental Health Research TopicsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 79 of the 79 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Neuroticism: a non-informative marker of vulnerability to psychopathology

Ormel, Johan, Rosmalen, Judith, Farmer, Ann·2004·Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

DOI 10.1007/s00127-004-0873-y

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background Neuroticism measures are very popular in psychopathological research, but it is unclear how useful neuroticism is in studies of the aetiology of psychopathology.Method A conceptual examination was made of the literature on the association of neuroticism and psychopathology, the ontological status of neuroticism, the purport of neuroticism questionnaires, and causal issues.Results The research on which neuroticism is built has historically been based solely on the factor analyses of the common adjectives used to describe usual behaviours. An abundance of studies have shown that neuroticism scores predict life stress, psychological distress, emotional disorders, psychotic symptoms, substance abuse, physical tension-related symptoms, medically unexplained physical symptoms, and health care utilisation. This evidence suggests that neuroticism scales index vulnerability to many forms of negative affect and psychiatric disorder. However, the associations do not clarify the nature of this vulnerability nor the underlying psychobiological mechanisms. We present evidence that neuroticism scores reflect a person's characteristic (or mean) level of distress over a protracted period of time. In this perspective, even prospective associations of neuroticism with mental health outcomes are basically futile, and largely tautological since scores on any characteristic with substantial within-subject stability will predict, by definition, that characteristic and related variables at later points in time.Conclusion Neuroticism is not an explanatory concept in the aetiology of psychopathology, since it measures a person's characteristic level of distress over a protracted period of time. This situation will not change until knowledge becomes available about: (i) the mechanisms that produce high neuroticism scores (and, therefore, also psychopathology) and (ii) its neurobiological substrate. Only then will we understand why neuroticism appears to "predict" the outcomes it predicts.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s00127-004-0873-y

Cites

79 of 79 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Negative affectivity: the disposition to experience aversive emotional states
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1984) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.96.3.465 · Cited by 4,636
Personality trait structure as a human universal.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1997) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.52.5.509 · Cited by 4,234
Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: the NEO personality inventory
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.5 · Cited by 3,414
Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: Happy and unhappy people
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.38.4.668 · Cited by 2,652
Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: Happy and unhappy people.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.38.4.668 · Cited by 2,648
Serotonin transporter genetic variation and the response of the human amygdala.
Hariri, A. R., Mattay, V. S., Tessitore, A., Kolachana, B., Fera, F., Goldman, D., Egan, M. F., & Weinberger, D. R. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1071829 · Cited by 2,340
The temperament and character inventory (TCI) : a guide to its development and use
Cloninger, C. R. (1994) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,319
Temperament, personality, and the mood and anxiety disorders.
Clark, L. A., Watson, D., & Mineka, S. (1994) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.103.1.103 · Cited by 1,685
Untitled work
(1985) · Cited by 1,630
Salivary Cortisol in Psychobiological Research: An Overview
Kirschbaum, C., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000118611 · Cited by 1,532

Show all 74 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Eysenck HJ, Eysenck SBG (1968) Manual for the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Educational and Testing Service: San Diego
Kagan J, Reznick JS, Snidman N (1987) Temperamental variation in response to the unfamiliar. In: Krasnegor NA, Blass EM (eds) Perinatal development: A psychobiological perspective. Academic Press, San Diego. Behav Biol, pp 421?440

Sorted by citations

Personality and depression: explanatory models and review of the evidence
Klein, D. N., Kotov, R., & Bufferd, S. J. (2011) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104540 · Cited by 886
Neuroticism and common mental disorders: meaning and utility of a complex relationship.
Ormel, J., Jeronimus, B. F., Kotov, R., Riese, H., Bos, E. H., Hankin, B., Rosmalen, J. G. M., & Oldehinkel, A. J. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.04.003 · Cited by 703
Self-citation
Fear of the unknown: One fear to rule them all?
Carleton, R. N. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.03.011 · Cited by 647
Interactions between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and early life stress predict brain and arousal pathways to syndromal depression and anxiety
Gatt, J. M., Nemeroff, C. B., Dobson-Stone, C., Paul, R. H., Bryant, R. A., Schofield, P. R., Gordon, E., Kemp, A. H., & Williams, L. M. (2009) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2008.143 · Cited by 525
The sources of co-morbidity between major depression and generalized anxiety disorder in a Swedish national twin sample
Kendler, K. S., Gardner, C. O., Gatz, M., & Pedersen, N. L. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706009135 · Cited by 333
Relationship between Cortisol Responses to Stress and Personality
Oswald, L. M., Zandi, P. P., Nestadt, G., Potash, J. B., Kalaydjian, A., & Wand, G. S. (2006) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301012 · Cited by 294
5‐HTTLPR genotype and anxiety‐related personality traits: A meta‐analysis and new data
Munafo, M. R., Freimer, N. B., Ng, W., Ophoff, R. A., Veijola, J., Miettunen, J., Järvelin, M., Taanila, A. M., & Flint, J. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30808 · Cited by 280
The biological and psychological basis of neuroticism: Current status and future directions
Ormel, J., Bastiaansen, J. A., Riese, H., Bos, E. H., Servaas, M. N., Ellenbogen, M. A., Rosmalen, J. G. M., & Aleman, A. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.09.004 · Cited by 288
Self-citation
Personality traits and the classification of mental disorders: Toward a more complete integration in DSM–5 and an empirical model of psychopathology.
Krueger, R. F., & Eaton, N. R. (2010) · Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment · doi:10.1037/a0018990 · Cited by 244
Linked Lives: Adult Children's Problems and Their Parents' Psychological and Relational Well-Being.
Greenfield, E. A., & Marks, N. (2006) · Journal of Marriage and Family · doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00263.x · Cited by 194
Neuroticism and the brain: A quantitative meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies investigating emotion processing
Servaas, M. N., van der Velde, J., Costafreda, S. G., Horton, P., Ormel, J., Riese, H., & Aleman, A. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.05.005 · Cited by 208
Self-citation
Positive and negative aspects of well-being: Common and specific predictors
Karademas, E. C. (2007) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.11.031 · Cited by 188
Clinical relevance of comorbidity in anxiety disorders: A report from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA)
Klein Hofmeijer-Sevink, M., Batelaan, N. M., van Megen, H. J. G. M., Penninx, B. W., Cath, D. C., van den Hout, M. A., & van Balkom, A. J. L. M. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.008 · Cited by 176
Personality and Psychopathology: A Stagnant Field in Need of Development
Durbin, C. E., & Hicks, B. M. (2014) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1962 · Cited by 173
Neuroticism and avoidance of ambiguous stimuli: Better safe than sorry?
Lommen, M. J. J., Engelhard, I. M., & van den Hout, M. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.08.012 · Cited by 183
Negative and positive life events are associated with small but lasting change in neuroticism
Jeronimus, B. F., Ormel, J., Aleman, A., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & Riese, H. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713000159 · Cited by 171
Self-citation
Is aversive learning a marker of risk for anxiety disorders in children?
Craske, M. G., Waters, A. M., Lindsey Bergman, R., Naliboff, B., Lipp, O. V., Negoro, H., & Ornitz, E. M. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.04.011 · Cited by 146
Temperamental emotionality in preschool-aged children and depressive disorders in parents: Associations in a large community sample.
Olino, T. M., Klein, D. N., Dyson, M. W., Rose, S. A., & Durbin, C. E. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020112 · Cited by 153
Adaptive and maladaptive rumination after loss: A three‐wave longitudinal study
Eisma, M. C., Schut, H. A. W., Stroebe, M. S., Boelen, P. A., van den Bout, J., & Stroebe, W. (2014) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12067 · Cited by 150
Psychopathology and thought suppression: A quantitative review
Magee, J. C., Harden, K. P., & Teachman, B. A. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.01.001 · Cited by 128
The Effect of Personality on Daily Life Emotional Processes
Komulainen, E., Meskanen, K., Lipsanen, J. O., Lahti, J. M. T., Jylhä, P. J., Melartin, T. K., Wichers, M., Isometsä, E. T., & Ekelund, J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110907 · Cited by 131
Determinants of mental health and well-being within rural and remote communities
Kelly, B. J., Lewin, T. J., Stain, H. J., Coleman, C., Fitzgerald, M., Perkins, D. A., Carr, V. J., Fragar, L., Fuller, J. D., Lyle, D. M., et al. (2010) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-010-0305-0 · Cited by 121
Validation of the Long-term Difficulties Inventory (LDI) and the List of Threatening Experiences (LTE) as measures of stress in epidemiological population-based cohort studies
Rosmalen, J. G. M., Bos, E. H., & de Jonge, P. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712000608 · Cited by 116
Self-citation
Neuroticism, negative affect, and negative affect instability: Establishing convergent and discriminant validity using ecological momentary assessment
Miller, D. J., Vachon, D. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2009) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.07.007 · Cited by 118
Cognitive reactivity mediates the relationship between neuroticism and depression
Barnhofer, T., & Chittka, T. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.12.005 · Cited by 113
Sleep disturbance, personality and the onset of depression and anxiety: Prospective cohort study
Batterham, P. J., Glozier, N., & Christensen, H. (2012) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867412457997 · Cited by 108
Neuroticism developmental courses - implications for depression, anxiety and everyday emotional experience; a prospective study from adolescence to young adulthood
Aldinger, M., Stopsack, M., Ulrich, I., Appel, K., Reinelt, E., Wolff, S., Grabe, H. J., Lang, S., & Barnow, S. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-014-0210-2 · Cited by 117
Positive and negative life events and personality traits in predicting course of depression and anxiety
Spinhoven, P., Elzinga, B. M., Hovens, J. G. F. M., Roelofs, K., van Oppen, P., Zitman, F. G., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2011) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01753.x · Cited by 112
Screening for depressive disorders using the Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire Anhedonic Depression Scale: A receiver-operating characteristic analysis.
Bredemeier, K., Spielberg, J. M., Silton, R. L., Berenbaum, H., Heller, W., & Miller, G. A. (2010) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0019915 · Cited by 102
Unique and interactive effects of neuroticism and effortful control on psychopathological symptoms in non-clinical adolescents
Muris, P. (2006) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.12.001 · Cited by 101
Psychopathological features of a patient population of targets of workplace bullying
Brousse, G., Fontana, L., Ouchchane, L., Boisson, C., Gerbaud, L., Bourguet, D., Perrier, A., Schmitt, A., Llorca, P., & Chamoux, A. (2008) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqm148 · Cited by 99
The neural correlates of worry in association with individual differences in neuroticism
Servaas, M. N., Riese, H., Ormel, J., & Aleman, A. (2014) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22476 · Cited by 96
Self-citation
The association between neuroticism and self-reported common somatic symptoms in a population cohort
Rosmalen, J. G. M., Neeleman, J., Gans, R. O. B., & de Jonge, P. (2007) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.10.014 · Cited by 102
Self-citation
Interpreting neuroticism scores across the adult life course: immutable or experience-dependent set points of negative affect?
Ormel, J., Riese, H., & Rosmalen, J. G. M. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.10.004 · Cited by 108
Self-citation
Chronic cancer-related fatigue in long-term survivors of testicular cancer
Orre, I. J., Fosså, S. D., Murison, R. C. C., Bremnes, R. M., Dahl, O., Klepp, O., Loge, J. H., Wist, E., & Dahl, A. A. (2008) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.01.002 · Cited by 92
Case and Care Complexity in the Medically Ill
de Jonge, P., Huyse, F. J., & Stiefel, F. (2006) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2006.04.005 · Cited by 97
Improving quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease: influence of acceptance and personality.
Poppe, C., Crombez, G., Hanoulle, I., Vogelaers, D., & Petrovic, M. (2013) · Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfs151 · Cited by 81
The relationship between early personality and midlife psychological well-being: evidence from a UK birth cohort study
Abbott, R., Croudace, T. J., Ploubidis, G. B., Kuh, D. J., Richards, M., & Huppert, F. A. (2008) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-008-0355-8 · Cited by 100
A hierarchical model for the relationships between general and specific vulnerability factors and symptom levels of generalized anxiety disorder
van der Heiden, C., Melchior, K., Muris, P., Bouwmeester, S., Bos, A. E. R., & van der Molen, H. T. (2009) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.12.005 · Cited by 92
An examination of content overlap and disorder-specific predictions in the associations of neuroticism with anxiety and depression
Uliaszek, A. A., Hauner, K. K. Y., Zinbarg, R. E., Craske, M. G., Mineka, S., Griffith, J. W., & Rose, R. D. (2009) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2009.05.009 · Cited by 84
Childhood Adversity and Adult Personality
Rosenman, S. J., & Rodgers, B. (2006) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01826.x · Cited by 82
Preexisting Neuroticism, Subjective Stressor Severity, and Posttraumatic Stress in Soldiers Deployed to Iraq
Engelhard, I. M., & van den Hout, M. (2007) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370705200808 · Cited by 81
Structure of internalising symptoms in early adulthood
Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., & Boden, J. M. (2006) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.022384 · Cited by 78
Clarifying domains of internalizing psychopathology using neurophysiology
Vaidyanathan, U., Nelson, L. D., & Patrick, C. J. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291711001528 · Cited by 76
The contribution of copy number variants to psychiatric symptoms and cognitive ability
Mollon, J., Almasy, L. A., Jacquemont, S., & Glahn, D. C. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-01978-4 · Cited by 78
Self–Compassion is Best Measured as a Global Construct and is Overlapping with but Distinct from Neuroticism: A Response to Pfattheicher, Geiger, Hartung, Weiss, and Schindler (2017)
Neff, K. D., Tóth‐Király, I., & Colosimo, K. (2018) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2148 · Cited by 91
Investigating the association between tinnitus severity and symptoms of depression and anxiety, while controlling for neuroticism, in a large middle-aged UK population
McCormack, A., Edmondson‐Jones, M., Fortnum, H. M., Dawes, P., Middleton, H. C., Munro, K. J., & Moore, D. R. (2015) · International Journal of Audiology · doi:10.3109/14992027.2015.1014577 · Cited by 71
Negative emotionality and its facets moderate the effects of exposure to Hurricane Sandy on children’s postdisaster depression and anxiety symptoms.
Kopala‐Sibley, D. C., Danzig, A. P., Kotov, R., Bromet, E. J., Carlson, G. A., Olino, T. M., Bhatia, V., Black, S. R., & Klein, D. N. (2016) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000152 · Cited by 74
Perceived ethnic discrimination, acculturation, and psychological distress in women of Turkish origin in Germany
Aichberger, M. C., Bromand, Z., Rapp, M. A., Yesil, R., Montesinos, A. H., Temur-Erman, S., Heinz, A., & Schouler‐Ocak, M. (2015) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-015-1105-3 · Cited by 71
Chronic idiopathic urticaria and anxiety symptoms
Barbosa, F., Freitas, J., & Barbosa, A. (2011) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105311398682 · Cited by 70
Social anxiety disorder: a critical overview of neurocognitive research
Cremers, H. R., & Roelofs, K. (2016) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.1390 · Cited by 77
An improved human anxiety process biomarker: Characterization of frequency band, personality and pharmacology
Shadli, S. M., Glue, P., McIntosh, J., & McNaughton, N. (2015) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2015.188 · Cited by 68
Neuroticism explained? From a non‐informative vulnerability marker to informative person–context interactions in the realm of daily life
Jacobs, N., van Os, J., Derom, C. A., Thiery, E. W., Delespaul, P., & Wichers, M. (2010) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466510x491397 · Cited by 68
Are Worry and Rumination Specific Pathways Linking Neuroticism and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder and Mixed Anxiety-Depressive Disorder?
Madrid, H. M., Senra, C., & Ferreiro, F. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156169 · Cited by 74
What Lies Beneath Trait-Anxiety? Testing the Self-Regulatory Executive Function Model of Vulnerability
Nordahl, H., Hjemdal, O., Hagen, R., Nordahl, H. M., & Adrian Wells, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00122 · Cited by 71
Trait and facet-level predictors of first-onset depressive and anxiety disorders in a community sample of adolescent girls
Goldstein, B. L., Kotov, R., Perlman, G., Watson, D., & Klein, D. N. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717002719 · Cited by 72
Serotonin transporter gene, childhood emotional abuse and cognitive vulnerability to depression
Antypa, N., & van der Does, W. A. J. (2010) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2010.00593.x · Cited by 70
Differences in neuroticism and extraversion between patients with bipolar I or II and general population subjects or major depressive disorder patients
Jylhä, P. J., Mantere, O., Melartin, T. K., Suominen, K. H., Vuorilehto, M. S., Arvilommi, P., Leppämäki, S., Valtonen, H., Rytsälä, H. J., & Isometsä, E. T. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.01.068 · Cited by 67
Personality and changes in comorbidity patterns among anxiety and depressive disorders.
Spinhoven, P., de Rooij, M., Heiser, W. J., Smit, J. H., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2012) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0028234 · Cited by 66
Predictors of incident major depression in diabetic outpatients with subthreshold depression
Bot, M., Pouwer, F., Ormel, J., Slaets, J. P. J., & de Jonge, P. (2010) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03119.x · Cited by 61
Self-citation
Consensually Defined Facets of Personality as Prospective Predictors of Change in Depression Symptoms
Naragon‐Gainey, K., & Watson, D. (2014) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191114528030 · Cited by 64
Locating eating pathology within an empirical diagnostic taxonomy: Evidence from a community-based sample.
Forbush, K. T., South, S. C., Krueger, R. F., Iacono, W. G., Clark, L. A., Keel, P. K., Legrand, L. N., & Watson, D. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019189 · Cited by 65
Anorexia nervosa trios: behavioral profiles of individuals with anorexia nervosa and their parents
Jacobs, M. J., Roesch, S., Wonderlich, S. A., Crosby, R. D., Thornton, L. M., Wilfley, D. E., Berrettini, W. H., Brandt, H., Crawford, S. F., Fichter, M. M., et al. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708003826 · Cited by 56
Are we witnessing the decline effect in the Type D personality literature? What can be learned?
Coyne, J. C., & de Voogd, J. N. (2012) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.09.016 · Cited by 61
Trait neuroticism and emotion neurocircuitry: Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence for a failure in emotion regulation
Silverman, M. H., Wilson, S., Ramsay, I. S., Hunt, R. H., Thomas, K. M., Krueger, R. F., & Iacono, W. G. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579419000610 · Cited by 64
Neuroticism and Depression in Children: The Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies
Andrés, M. L., Richaud, M. C., Castañeiras, C. E., Juric, L. C., & Rodríguez‐Carvajal, R. (2016) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.2016.1148659 · Cited by 62
Three cases of narcissistic personality disorder through the lens of the DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorders.
Pincus, A. L., Dowgwillo, E. A., & Greenberg, L. S. (2016) · Practice Innovations · doi:10.1037/pri0000025 · Cited by 60
Narrative centrality and negative affectivity: Independent and interactive contributors to stress reactions.
Rubin, D. C., Boals, A., & Hoyle, R. H. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/a0035140 · Cited by 61
Big Five personality traits and medically unexplained symptoms in later life
van Dijk, S. D. M., Hanssen, D., Naarding, P., Lucassen, P., Comijs, H., & Voshaar, R. O. (2016) · European psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.05.002 · Cited by 52
The Prediction of Worry in Non-Clinical Individuals: The Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty, Meta-Worry, and Neuroticism
de Bruin, G. O., Rassin, E., & Muris, P. (2006) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-006-9029-6 · Cited by 57
Neuroticism and stress: the role of displacement behavior
Mohiyeddini, C., Bauer, S., & Semple, S. (2015) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2014.1000878 · Cited by 63
Using derivative estimates to describe intraindividual variability at multiple time scales.
Deboeck, P. R., Montpetit, M. A., Bergeman, C. S., & Boker, S. M. (2009) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/a0016622 · Cited by 52
Associations between the Five-Factor Model personality traits and psychotic experiences in patients with psychotic disorders, their siblings and controls
Boyette, L., Korver‐Nieberg, N., Verweij, K. H. W., Meijer, C. J., Dingemans, P. M. A. J., Cahn, W., & de Haan, L. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.06.040 · Cited by 51
A Review of the Direct and Interactive Effects of Life Stressors and Dispositional Traits on Youth Psychopathology
Kushner, S. C. (2014) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-014-0523-x · Cited by 61
Anger: Cause or Consequence of Posttraumatic Stress? A Prospective Study of Dutch Soldiers
Lommen, M. J. J., Engelhard, I. M., van de Schoot, R., & van den Hout, M. (2014) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21904 · Cited by 55
Fear Inhibition in High Trait Anxiety
Kindt, M., & Soeter, M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086462 · Cited by 55
Evidence for an association of the big five personality factors with recurrence of depressive symptoms in later life
Steunenberg, B., Braam, A. W., Beekman, A. T. F., Deeg, D. J. H., & Kerkhof, A. J. F. M. (2009) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2291 · Cited by 49
Long-term effectiveness and prediction of treatment outcome in cognitive behavioral therapy and sertraline for late-life anxiety disorders
Schuurmans, J., Comijs, H., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Weijnen, I. J. C., van den Hout, M., & van Dyck, R. (2009) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610209990536 · Cited by 48
Links between neuroticism, emotional distress, and disengaging attention: Evidence from a single-target RSVP task
Bredemeier, K., Berenbaum, H., Most, S. B., & Simons, D. J. (2011) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2010.549460 · Cited by 52
Individuals high in neuroticism are not more reactive to adverse events
Engelhard, I. M., van den Hout, M., & Lommen, M. J. J. (2009) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.05.031 · Cited by 48
Adolescent Personality: Associations With Basal, Awakening, and Stress‐Induced Cortisol Responses
Laceulle, O. M., Nederhof, E., van Aken, M. A. G., & Ormel, J. (2014) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12101 · Cited by 51
Self-citation
Lower-order anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty dimensions operate as specific vulnerabilities for social anxiety and depression within a hierarchical model
Allan, N. P., Cooper, D., Oglesby, M. E., Short, N. A., Saulnier, K. G., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.08.002 · Cited by 48
Discrepancies confer vulnerability to depressive symptoms: A three-wave longitudinal study.
Sherry, S., Mackinnon, S. P., Macneil, M. A., & Fitzpatrick, S. (2012) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0030439 · Cited by 52
Self-compassion and Adolescents’ Positive and Negative Cognitive Reactions to Daily Life Problems
Muris, P., Otgaar, H., Meesters, C. M. G., Heutz, A., & van den Hombergh, M. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01353-4 · Cited by 47
The contributions of affective traits and emotion regulation to internalizing disorders: Current state of the literature and measurement challenges.
Naragon-Gainey, K., McMahon, T. P., & Park, J. (2018) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000371 · Cited by 42
“This overlap has led some researchers to question the utility of affectivity and related traits as risk factors for internalizing symptoms, suggesting that if associations primarily reflect shared content, they are tautological and noninformative (e.g., Ormel et al., 2004).”
Background
Familial risk for depressive and anxiety disorders: associations with genetic, clinical, and psychosocial vulnerabilities
van Sprang, E. D., Maciejewski, D. F., Milaneschi, Y., Elzinga, B. M., Beekman, A. T. F., Hartman, C. A., van Hemert, A. M., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720002299 · Cited by 50
Does Personality Matter in Diabetes Adherence? Exploring the Pathways between Neuroticism and Patient Adherence in Couples with Type 2 Diabetes
Novak, J. R., Anderson, J. R., Johnson, M. D., Hardy, N., Walker, A., Wilcox, A., Lewis, V. L., & Robbins, D. C. (2017) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12087 · Cited by 48
Searching for Specificity Between Cognitive Vulnerabilities and Mood and Anxiety Symptoms
Fergus, T. A., & Wu, K. D. (2011) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-011-9245-6 · Cited by 43
Predictors of recurrence of major depressive disorder
Lye, M.-S., Tey, Y.-Y., Tor, Y.-S., Shahabudin, A. F., Ibrahim, N., Ling, K.-H., Stanslas, J., Loh, S.-P., Rosli, R., Lokman, K. A., et al. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0230363 · Cited by 43
Does Metacognition Make a Unique Contribution to Health Anxiety When Controlling for Neuroticism, Illness Cognition, and Somatosensory Amplification?
Bailey, R., & Adrian Wells, A. (2013) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.27.4.327 · Cited by 48
Associations between dimensions of anorexia nervosa and obsessive–compulsive disorder: An examination of personality and psychological factors in patients with anorexia nervosa
Levinson, C. A., Zerwas, S. C., Brosof, L. C., Thornton, L. M., Strober, M. A., Pivarunas, B., Crowley, J. J., Yılmaz, Z., Berrettini, W. H., Brandt, H., et al. (2018) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2635 · Cited by 44
Cognitive, physiological, and personality correlates of recurrence of depression
Bos, E. H., Bouhuys, A. L., Geerts, E., Os, T. W. D. P. V., der Spoel, I. D. V., Brouwer, W., & Ormel, J. (2005) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2005.04.001 · Cited by 43
Self-citation
From dispositional traits to psychopathological symptoms: Social-cognitive vulnerabilities as intervening mechanisms
Hong, R. Y. (2013) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-013-9350-9 · Cited by 42
Group arts interventions for depression and anxiety among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Quinn, E. A., Millard, E., & Jones, J. M. (2025) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-024-00368-1 · Cited by 52
Mental disorders and personality traits as determinants of impaired work functioning
Michon, H. W. C., ten Have, M., Kroon, H., van Weeghel, J., de Graaf, R., & Schene, A. H. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707002449 · Cited by 42
Genome-wide gene-environment interactions in neuroticism: an exploratory study across 25 environments
Werme, J., van der Sluis, S., Posthuma, D., & de Leeuw, C. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01288-9 · Cited by 45
Neural Mechanisms of Attentional Control Differentiate Trait and State Negative Affect
Crocker, L. D., Heller, W., Spielberg, J. M., Warren, S. L., Bredemeier, K., Sutton, B. P., Banich, M. T., & Miller, G. A. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00298 · Cited by 43
The Role of Repetitive Negative Thoughts in the Vulnerability for Emotional Problems in Non-Clinical Children
Broeren, S., Muris, P., Bouwmeester, S., van der Heijden, K. B., & Abee, A. (2010) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-010-9380-9 · Cited by 46
The genetic relationship between neuroticism and autonomic function in female twins
Riese, H., Rosmalen, J. G. M., Ormel, J., van Roon, A. M., Oldehinkel, A. J., & Rijsdijk, F. V. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706009160 · Cited by 40
Self-citation
The role of intolerance of uncertainty in current and remitted internalizing and externalizing psychopathology
Correa, K. A., Liu, H., & Shankman, S. A. (2019) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.01.001 · Cited by 37

Authors: Ormel, J., Rosmalen, J., & Farmer, A.
Affiliations: University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
Corresponding author: Ormel, Johan
ORCID: Ormel, Johan
Rosmalen, Judith
Venue: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2004-11
Volume: 39
Issue: 11
Pages: 906-912
ISSN: 0933-7954 (ISSN-L)
1433-9285
DOI: 10.1007/s00127-004-0873-y
OpenAlex: W2025431651
Cited by: 292
References: 74
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 10.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: neuroticism, psychopathology, psychological distress, negative affect, psychobiological mechanisms
MeSH terms: Humans, Mental Health Services, Neurotic Disorders, Physical Fitness, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Neuroticism: a non-informative marker of vulnerability to psychopathology

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks