The neural correlates of worry in association with individual differences in neuroticism
Open accessAbstract
The tendency to worry is a facet of neuroticism that has been shown to mediate the relationship between neuroticism and symptoms of depression and anxiety. The aim of the current study was to investigate the neural correlates of state worry in association with neuroticism. One‐hundred twenty participants were selected from an initially recruited sample of 240 women based on their neuroticism score. First, participants completed a questionnaire to assess the excessiveness and uncontrollability of pathological worry. Second, we measured brain activation with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while participants were randomly presented with 12 worry‐inducing sentences and 12 neutral sentences in a mood induction paradigm. Individuals scoring higher on neuroticism reported to worry more in daily life and to have generated more worry‐related thoughts after the presentation of a worry‐inducing sentence. Furthermore, imaging results showed the involvement of default mode and emotional brain areas during worry, previously associated with self‐related processing and emotion regulation. Specifically, cortical midline structures and the anterior insula showed more activation during worry, when individuals indicated to have generated more worry‐related thoughts. Activation in the retrosplenial and visual cortex was decreased in individuals scoring higher on neuroticism during worry, possibly suggesting reduced autobiographical specificity and visual mental imagery. In the literature, both these processes have been related to the cognitive avoidance of emotional distress. Excessive worry features in a number of emotional disorders and results from studies that elucidate its neural basis may help explain how and why neuroticism contributes to vulnerability for psychopathology. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4303–4315, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Worry activates brain networks associated with self-referential processing, such as the default-mode network.
“Worry has been shown to activate brain networks associated with self-referential processing, such as the default-mode network, suggesting that the more one is caught up in perseveration about uncertain events, the more this network is activated [32,33];”
From Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Servaas, M. N., Riese, H., Ormel, J., & Aleman, A.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Venue
- Human Brain Mapping
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-02-14
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 4303-4315
- ISSN
- 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0193
- PMC
- PMC6869152
- OpenAlex
- W2127145783
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 15.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education, Culture and Science of the Netherlands (609022.)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- pathological worry, neuroticism, neural correlates, default mode network, anterior insula, retrosplenial cortex, visual cortex, visual imagery, cognitive avoidance, emotion regulation, individual differences, women
- MeSH terms
- Neuroticism, Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Individuality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neural Pathways, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Personality Tests, Photic Stimulation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reading, Young Adult
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