Cited by 174Psychedelics and Drug StudiesParanormal Experiences and BeliefsPsychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Microdosing psychedelics: personality, mental health, and creativity differences in microdosers

Open access

Anderson, Thomas, Petranker, Rotem, Rosenbaum, Daniel, Weissman, Cory R., Dinh-Williams, Le-Anh, Hui, Katrina, Hapke, Emma, Farb, Norman A. S.·2019·Psychopharmacology

DOI 10.1007/s00213-018-5106-2

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Rationale Microdosing psychedelics-the regular consumption of small amounts of psychedelic substances such as LSD or psilocybin-is a growing trend in popular culture. Recent studies on full-dose psychedelic psychotherapy reveal promising benefits for mental well-being, especially for depression and end-of-life anxiety. While full-dose therapies include perception-distorting properties, microdosing mayprovide complementary clinical benefits using lower-risk, non-hallucinogenic doses.Objectives This pre-registered study aimed to investigate whether microdosing psychedelics is related to differences in personality, mental health, and creativity.Methods In this observational study, respondents recruited from online forums self-reported their microdosing behaviors and completed questionnaires concerning dysfunctional attitudes, wisdom, negative emotionality, open-mindedness, and mood. Respondents also performed the Unusual Uses Task to assess their creativity.Results Current and former microdosers scored lower on measures of dysfunctional attitudes (p < 0.001, r = - 0.92) and negative emotionality (p = 0.009, r = - 0.85) and higher on wisdom (p < 0.001, r = 0.88), openmindedness(p = 0.027, r = 0.67), and creativity (p < 0.001, r = 0.15) when compared to non-microdosing controls.Conclusions These findings provide promising initial evidence that warrants controlled experimental research to directly test safety and clinical efficacy. As microdoses are easier to administer than full-doses, this new paradigm has the exciting potential to shape future psychedelic research.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s00213-018-5106-2

Cites

40 of 40 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The broaden–and–build theory of positive emotions
Fredrickson, B. L. (2004) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2004.1512 · Cited by 4,214
Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized double-blind trial
Griffiths, R. R., Johnson, M. W., Carducci, M. A., Umbricht, A., Richards, W. A., Richards, B. D., Cosimano, M. P., & Klinedinst, M. A. (2016) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881116675513 · Cited by 2,201
The next Big Five Inventory (BFI-2): Developing and assessing a hierarchical model with 15 facets to enhance bandwidth, fidelity, and predictive power.
Soto, C. J., & John, O. P. (2017) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000096 · Cited by 2,075
Public health significance of neuroticism
Lahey, B. B. (2009) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0015309 · Cited by 1,901 · cited 1×
“Tendencies to experience negative emotionality (e.g., anxiety, depression, and emotional volatility) are a robust predictor of mental and physical health problems (Lahey 2009) thus reduced vulnerability is reflected in the lower scores seen in microdosers.”
Background
Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial.
Ross, S., Bossis, A., Guss, J., Agin-Liebes, G., Malone, T., Cohen, B., Mennenga, S. E., Belser, A., Kalliontzi, K., Babb, J., et al. (2016) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881116675512 · Cited by 1,698
Psilocybin-assisted treatment for alcohol dependence: A proof-of-concept study
Bogenschutz, M. P., Forcehimes, A. A., Pommy, J. A., Wilcox, C. E., Barbosa, P., & Strassman, R. J. (2015) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881114565144 · Cited by 1,151
Psilocybin occasioned mystical-type experiences: immediate and persisting dose-related effects
Griffiths, R. R., Johnson, M. W., Richards, W. A., Richards, B. D., McCann, U., & Jesse, R. (2011) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2358-5 · Cited by 932
Pilot study of the 5-HT 2A R agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction
Johnson, M. W., Garcia-Romeu, A., Cosimano, M. P., & Griffiths, R. R. (2014) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881114548296 · Cited by 914
Assessing creativity with divergent thinking tasks: Exploring the reliability and validity of new subjective scoring methods.
Silvia, P. J., Winterstein, B. P., Willse, J. T., Barona, C. M., Cram, J. T., Hess, K. I., Martinez, J. L., & Richard, C. A. (2008) · Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts · doi:10.1037/1931-3896.2.2.68 · Cited by 912
Mystical experiences occasioned by the hallucinogen psilocybin lead to increases in the personality domain of openness
MacLean, K. A., Johnson, M. W., & Griffiths, R. R. (2011) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881111420188 · Cited by 895

Show all 39 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Fadiman J (2011) The psychedelic explorer’s guide. Park Street Press, Rochester
Waldman A (2017) A really good day: how microdosing made a mega difference in my mood, my marriage, and my life, 1st edn. Knopf, New York

Sorted by citations

The subjective effects of psychedelics may not be necessary for their enduring therapeutic effects
Olson, D. E. (2021) · ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science · doi:10.1021/acsptsci.0c00192 · Cited by 329
A systematic study of microdosing psychedelics
Polito, V., & Stevenson, R. J. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211023 · Cited by 235
Self-blinding citizen science to explore psychedelic microdosing
Szigeti, B., Kartner, L., Blemings, A., Rosas, F., Feilding, A., Nutt, D. J., Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Erritzoe, D. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.62878 · Cited by 192
Modulation of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor by a single dose of ayahuasca: observation from a randomized controlled trial
Almeida, R. N. D., Galvão, A. C. D. M., da Silva, F. S., Silva, E. A. D. S., Palhano-Fontes, F., Maia-de-Oliveira, J. P., de Araújo, L.-S. B., Lobão-Soares, B., & Galvão-Coelho, N. L. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01234 · Cited by 177
Acute Subjective and Behavioral Effects of Microdoses of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide in Healthy Human Volunteers
Bershad, A. K., Schepers, S. T., Bremmer, M. P., Lee, R., & de Wit, H. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.019 · Cited by 179
Chronic, Intermittent Microdoses of the Psychedelic N , N -Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) Produce Positive Effects on Mood and Anxiety in Rodents
Cameron, L. P., Benson, C. J., DeFelice, B. C., Fiehn, O., & Olson, D. E. (2019) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00692 · Cited by 168
Psychedelics and Other Psychoplastogens for Treating Mental Illness.
Vargas, M. V., Meyer, R., Avanes, A. A., Rus, M., & Olson, D. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.727117 · Cited by 166
Positive expectations predict improved mental-health outcomes linked to psychedelic microdosing
Kaertner, L. S., Steinborn, M. B., Kettner, H., Spriggs, M. J., Roseman, L., Buchborn, T., Balaet, M., Timmermann, C., Erritzoe, D., & Carhart-Harris, R. L. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81446-7 · Cited by 145
Microdosing with psilocybin mushrooms: a double-blind placebo-controlled study
Cavanna, F., Muller, S. L., de la Fuente, L. A., Zamberlán, F., Palmucci, M., Janeckova, L., Kuchař, M., Pallavicini, C., & Tagliazucchi, E. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02039-0 · Cited by 157
Psychedelic microdosing benefits and challenges: an empirical codebook
Anderson, T., Petranker, R., Christopher, A., Rosenbaum, D., Weissman, C. R., Dinh-Williams, L.-A., Hui, K., & Hapke, E. (2019) · Harm Reduction Journal · doi:10.1186/s12954-019-0308-4 · Cited by 133
Self-citation
Microdosing psychedelics: Motivations, subjective effects and harm reduction
Lea, T., Amada, N. M., Jungaberle, H., Schecke, H., & Klein, M. (2019) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.11.008 · Cited by 121
Psychedelic microdosing: a subreddit analysis
Lea, T., Amada, N., & Jungaberle, H. (2020) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2019.1683260 · Cited by 115
The emerging science of microdosing: A systematic review of research on low dose psychedelics (1955–2021) and recommendations for the field
Polito, V., & Liknaitzky, P. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104706 · Cited by 130
Psychedelic Microdosing: Prevalence and Subjective Effects
Cameron, L. P., Nazarian, A., & Olson, D. E. (2020) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2020.1718250 · Cited by 110
Investigation of the Structure–Activity Relationships of Psilocybin Analogues
Klein, A. K., Chatha, M., Laskowski, L. J., Anderson, E. I., Brandt, S. D., Chapman, S. J., McCorvy, J. D., & Halberstadt, A. L. (2020) · ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science · doi:10.1021/acsptsci.0c00176 · Cited by 103
Adolescent and adult time trends in US hallucinogen use, 2002–19: any use, and use of ecstasy, LSD and PCP
Livne, O., Shmulewitz, D., Walsh, C. A., & Hasin, D. S. (2022) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15987 · Cited by 92
The therapeutic potential of microdosing psychedelics in depression
Kuypers, K. P. C. (2020) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/2045125320950567 · Cited by 94
Psychedelic perceptions: mental health service user attitudes to psilocybin therapy
Corrigan, K., Haran, M., McCandliss, C., McManus, R., Cleary, S., Trant, R., Kelly, Y., Ledden, K., Rush, G., O’Keane, V., et al. (2022) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/s11845-021-02668-2 · Cited by 84
Adults who microdose psychedelics report health related motivations and lower levels of anxiety and depression compared to non-microdosers
Rootman, J. M., Kryskow, P., Harvey, K., Stamets, P. E., Santos-Brault, E., Kuypers, K. P. C., Polito, V., Bourzat, F., & Walsh, Z. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-01811-4 · Cited by 90
Perceived outcomes of psychedelic microdosing as self-managed therapies for mental and substance use disorders
Lea, T., Amada, N. M., Jungaberle, H., Schecke, H., Scherbaum, N., & Klein, M. (2020) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05477-0 · Cited by 76
Microdosing psychedelics: Demographics, practices, and psychiatric comorbidities
Rosenbaum, D., Weissman, C., Anderson, T., Petranker, R., Dinh-Williams, L.-A., Hui, K., & Hapke, E. (2020) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881120908004 · Cited by 76
Self-citation
Rapid-acting antidepressants
Witkin, J. M., Martin, A. E., Golani, L. K., Xu, N. Z., & Smith, J. L. (2019) · Advances in pharmacology · doi:10.1016/bs.apha.2019.03.002 · Cited by 80
Narrative identity, rationality, and microdosing classic psychedelics
Webb, M. E., Copes, H., & Hendricks, P. S. (2019) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.04.013 · Cited by 75
Psilocybin microdosing does not affect emotion-related symptoms and processing: A preregistered field and lab-based study
Marschall, J., Fejer, G., Lempe, P., Prochazkova, L., Kuchar, M., Hajkova, K., & van Elk, M. (2022) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811211050556 · Cited by 72
Psychedelic Research and the Need for Transparency: Polishing Alice’s Looking Glass
Petranker, R., Anderson, T., & Farb, N. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01681 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
Acute Mood-Elevating Properties of Microdosed Lysergic Acid Diethylamide in Healthy Volunteers: A Home-Administered Randomized Controlled Trial
Murphy, R. J., Sumner, R. L., Evans, W., Ponton, R., Ram, S., Godfrey, K., Forsyth, A., Cavadino, A., Naga, V. K., Smith, T., et al. (2023) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.03.013 · Cited by 71
Psilocybin and LSD have no long-lasting effects in an animal model of alcohol relapse
Meinhardt, M. W., Güngör, C., Skorodumov, I., Mertens, L. J., & Spanagel, R. (2020) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-020-0694-z · Cited by 65
Potential safety, benefits, and influence of the placebo effect in microdosing psychedelic drugs: A systematic review
Oña, G., & Bouso, J. C. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.035 · Cited by 60
Microdosing psychedelics: Subjective benefits and challenges, substance testing behavior, and the relevance of intention
Petranker, R., Anderson, T., Maier, L. J., Barratt, M. J., Ferris, J., & WINSTOCK, A. R. (2020) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881120953994 · Cited by 66
Self-citation
Psilocybin microdosers demonstrate greater observed improvements in mood and mental health at one month relative to non-microdosing controls
Rootman, J. M., Kiraga, M. K., Kryskow, P., Harvey, K., Stamets, P. E., Santos-Brault, E., Kuypers, K. P. C., & Walsh, Z. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-14512-3 · Cited by 57
Effects of psilocybin microdosing on awe and aesthetic experiences: a preregistered field and lab-based study
van Elk, M., Fejer, G., Lempe, P., Prochazkova, L., Kuchař, M., Hájková, K., & Marschall, J. (2021) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-021-05857-0 · Cited by 50
Repeated low doses of psilocybin increase resilience to stress, lower compulsive actions, and strengthen cortical connections to the paraventricular thalamic nucleus in rats
Kiilerich, K. F., Lorenz, J., Scharff, M. B., Speth, N., Brandt, T. G., Czurylo, J., Xiong, M., Jessen, N. S., Casado-Sainz, A., Shalgunov, V., et al. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02280-z · Cited by 48
Acute and long-term effects of psilocybin on energy balance and feeding behavior in mice
Fadahunsi, N., Lund, J. T., Breum, A. W., Mathiesen, C. V., Larsen, I. B., Knudsen, G. M., Klein, A. B., & Clemmensen, C. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02103-9 · Cited by 47
Psychedelics and potential benefits in “healthy normals”: A review of the literature
Gandy, S. (2019) · Journal of Psychedelic Studies · doi:10.1556/2054.2019.029 · Cited by 52
The costs and benefits of psychedelics on cognition and mood
Sayalı, C., & Barrett, F. S. (2023) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.12.031 · Cited by 47
Rapid-Acting Antidepressants
Witkin, J. M., Knutson, D. E., Rodriguez, G. J., & Shi, S. X.-Y. (2018) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612824666180730104707 · Cited by 45
Microdosing psychedelics and the risk of cardiac fibrosis and valvulopathy: Comparison to known cardiotoxins
Rouaud, A., Calder, A. E., & Hasler, G. (2024) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811231225609 · Cited by 44
Psychotherapy with Psilocybin for Depression: Systematic Review
Dawood-Hristova, J. J., & Pérez‐Jover, V. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13040297 · Cited by 49
Clinical specificity profile for novel rapid acting antidepressant drugs
Scala, M., Fanelli, G., De Ronchi, D., Serretti, A., & Fabbri, C. (2023) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/yic.0000000000000488 · Cited by 41
The risk of chronic psychedelic and MDMA microdosing for valvular heart disease
Tagen, M., Mantuani, D., van Heerden, L., Holstein, A., Klumpers, L. E., & Knowles, R. G. (2023) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811231190865 · Cited by 46
Twenty percent better with 20 micrograms? A qualitative study of psychedelic microdosing self-rapports and discussions on YouTube
Andersson, M., & Kjellgren, A. (2019) · Harm Reduction Journal · doi:10.1186/s12954-019-0333-3 · Cited by 39
The difference between ‘placebo group’ and ‘placebo control’: a case study in psychedelic microdosing
Szigeti, B., Nutt, D., Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Erritzøe, D. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-34938-7 · Cited by 38
Trends in the Top-Cited Articles on Classic Psychedelics
Lawrence, D. W., Sharma, B., Griffiths, R. R., & Carhart-Harris, R. (2021) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2021.1874573 · Cited by 35
Neural complexity is increased after low doses of LSD, but not moderate to high doses of oral THC or methamphetamine
Murray, C. H., Frohlich, J., Haggarty, C. J., Tare, I., Lee, R., & de Wit, H. (2024) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-024-01809-2 · Cited by 36
Dosing Psychedelics and MDMA
Liechti, M. E., & Holze, F. (2021) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2021_270 · Cited by 37
Entheogens and psychedelics in Canada: Proposal for a new paradigm.
Rochester, J., Vallely, A., Grof, P., Williams, M. T., Chang, H., & Caldwell, K. (2021) · Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/cap0000285 · Cited by 40
Psilocybin for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Zheng, S., Ma, R., Yang, Y., & Li, G. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1420601 · Cited by 27
The Viability of Microdosing Psychedelics as a Strategy to Enhance Cognition and Well-being - An Early Review
Bornemann, J. (2020) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2020.1761573 · Cited by 24
Acid liberalism: Silicon Valley's enlightened technocrats, and the legalization of psychedelics
Tvorun‐Dunn, M. (2022) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103890 · Cited by 26
MDLSD: study protocol for a randomised, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial of repeated microdoses of LSD in healthy volunteers
Murphy, R. J., Sumner, R. L., Evans, W., Menkes, D. B., Lambrecht, I., Ponton, R., Sundram, F., Hoeh, N. R., Ram, S., Reynolds, L., et al. (2021) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05243-3 · Cited by 25
Microdosing as a Response to the Meaning Crisis: A Qualitative Analysis
Petranker, R., Kim, J. J., & Anderson, T. (2022) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/00221678221075076 · Cited by 32
Self-citation
Set and setting in microdosing: an oft-overlooked principle
Hartogsohn, I., & Petranker, R. (2022) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-022-06249-8 · Cited by 26
Self-citation
Natural language signatures of psilocybin microdosing
Sanz, C., Cavanna, F., Muller, S. L., de la Fuente, L., Zamberlán, F., Palmucci, M., Janeckova, L., Kuchař, M., Carrillo, F., García, A. M., et al. (2022) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-022-06170-0 · Cited by 19
Macrodosing to microdosing with psychedelics: Clinical, social, and cultural perspectives
Kaypak, A. C., & Raz, A. (2022) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/13634615221119386 · Cited by 22
Who are you after psychedelics? A systematic review and a meta-analysis of the magnitude of long-term effects of serotonergic psychedelics on cognition/creativity, emotional processing and personality
Solaja, I., Haldane, K., Mason, N. L., Weiss, B., Xu, X., Xu, M., Nikolin, S., Jayasena, T., Millard, M., Brett, J., et al. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105570 · Cited by 22
LSD increases sleep duration the night after microdosing
Allen, N. T., Jeremiah, A., Murphy, R. J., Sumner, R. L., Forsyth, A., Hoeh, N. R., Menkes, D. B., Evans, W., Muthukumaraswamy, S. D., Sundram, F., et al. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-02900-4 · Cited by 19
Sociological investigations of human enhancement drugs: The case of microdosing psychedelics
Liokaftos, D. (2021) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.103099 · Cited by 17
Psychedelic Experiences and Mindfulness are Associated with Improved Wellbeing
Qiu, T. T., & Minda, J. P. (2022) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2022.2060773 · Cited by 15
A quantitative exploration of the relationships between regular yoga practice, microdosing psychedelics, wellbeing and personality variables
Bright, S., Gringart, E., Blatchford, E., & Bettinson, S. (2021) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00049530.2021.1882266 · Cited by 16
“Anderson et al. (2019) completed a cross-sectional study comparing 315 non-microdosers with 594 self-reported microdosers.”
Influential
A Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)-Guided Dashboard to Review Psilocybin Target Domains: A Systematic Review
Pouyan, N., Khankahdani, Z. H., Sisi, F. Y., Lee, Y. L., Rosenblat, J. D., Teopiz, K. M., Lui, L. M. W., Subramaniapillai, M., Lin, K., Nasri, F., et al. (2022) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-022-00944-y · Cited by 18
Keeping the promise: a critique of the current state of microdosing research
Petranker, R., Anderson, T., Fewster, E. C., Aberman, Y., Hazan, M., Gaffrey, M. S., & Seli, P. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1217102 · Cited by 19
Self-citation
A dangerous method? Psychedelic therapy at Modum Bad, Norway, 1961–76
Johnstad, P. G. (2020) · History of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0957154x19894537 · Cited by 15
Exploring the relationship between microdosing, personality and emotional insight: a prospective study
Dressler, H. M., Bright, S. J., & Polito, V. (2021) · Journal of Psychedelic Studies · doi:10.1556/2054.2021.00157 · Cited by 14
Global Drug SurveyPreprint
Petranker, R., Anderson, T., Maier, L. J., Barratt, M. J., Ferris, J., & WINSTOCK, A. R. (2020) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/xb8ve · Cited by 14
Self-citation
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine: An Ego-Dissolving Endogenous Neurochemical Catalyst of Creativity
Germann, C. B. (2019) · Activitas Nervosa Superior · doi:10.1007/s41470-019-00063-y · Cited by 14
Accounting for Microdosing Classic Psychedelics
Beaton, B., Copes, H., Webb, M. E., Hochstetler, A., & Hendricks, P. S. (2019) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/0022042619871008 · Cited by 13
Psychedelic Microdosing, Mindfulness, and Anxiety: A Cross-Sectional Mediation Study
Hartong, V., & van Emmerik, A. (2023) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2022.2080616 · Cited by 11
“Findings have been inconclusive, with some studies observing that microdosing is associated with improved mental health (Anderson et al. 2019) and others observing increased anxiety in microdosers compared to controls (Bright et al. 2021; Hutten et al. 2020).”
Experiences of microdosing psychedelics in an attempt to support wellbeing and mental health
Ryan, R. S., Copello, A. G., & Fox, A. P. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04628-9 · Cited by 12
Repeated microdoses of LSD do not alter anxiety or boldness in zebrafish
Hagen, E. V., Schalomon, M., Zhang, Y., & Hamilton, T. J. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-54676-8 · Cited by 12
Multimodal creativity assessments following acute and sustained microdosing of lysergic acid diethylamide
Murphy, R. J., Sumner, R. L., Godfrey, K., Mabidikama, A., Roberts, R. P., Sundram, F., & Muthukumaraswamy, S. D. (2024) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-024-06680-z · Cited by 14
Less is more? A review of psilocybin microdosing
Savides, I. A., & Outhoff, K. (2024) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811241278769 · Cited by 14
Microdosing psychedelics as cognitive and emotional enhancers.
Rifkin, B. D., Maraver, M. J., & Colzato, L. S. (2020) · Psychology of Consciousness Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/cns0000213 · Cited by 15
A Systematic Study of Microdosing PsychedelicsPreprint
Polito, V., & Stevenson, R. J. (2018) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/cw9qs · Cited by 13
Microdosing with classical psychedelics: Research trajectories and practical considerations
Wong, A., & Raz, A. (2022) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/13634615221129115 · Cited by 10
Australian psychologists' attitudes towards psychedelic‐assisted therapy and training following a world‐first drug down‐scheduling
Negrine, J. J., Puljević, C., Ferris, J., Liknaitzky, P., Perlman, C. M., & Piatkowski, T. M. (2024) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.13973 · Cited by 11
Global Trends in Psychedelic Microdosing: Demographics, Substance Testing Behavior, and Patterns of Use
Syed, O. A., Petranker, R., Fewster, E. C., Sobolenko, V., Beidas, Z., Husain, M. I., Lake, S., & Lucas, P. (2024) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2024.2424284 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
PAM trial protocol: a randomised feasibility study of psychedelic microdosing–assisted meaning-centred psychotherapy in advanced stage cancer patients
Wells, A., Muthukumaraswamy, A. P. S., Morunga, E., Evans, W., Cavadino, A., Bansal, M., Lawrence, N. J., Ashley, A., Hoeh, N. R., Sundram, F., et al. (2024) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-024-01449-9 · Cited by 10
Side effects of microdosing lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin: A systematic review of potential physiological and psychiatric outcomes
Modzelewski, S., Stankiewicz, A., Waszkiewicz, N., & Łukasiewicz, K. (2025) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110402 · Cited by 9
Neuroenhancement
Heinrichs, J.-H., Rüther, M., Stake, M., & Ihde, J. (2022) · Verlag Karl Alber eBooks · doi:10.5771/9783495999615 · Cited by 8
Who takes the trip? Personality and hallucinogen use among college students and adolescents
Parnes, J. E., Kentopp, S. D., Conner, B. T., & Rebecca, R. (2020) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108263 · Cited by 9
Regulatory Challenges of Integrating Psychedelics into Mental Health Sector
Soylemez, K. K., de Boo, E. M., & Lusher, J. M. (2025) · Psychoactives · doi:10.3390/psychoactives4020011 · Cited by 10
Mapping Psilocybin-Assisted Therapies: A Scoping ReviewPreprint
Shore, R., Ioudovski, P., Goldie, C. E., McKeown, S., & Dumont, É. C. (2019) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2019.12.04.19013896 · Cited by 8
Safety and tolerability of multiple sublingual microdoses of 5-MeO-DMT in adults with moderate symptoms of depression and/or anxiety: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Millón, M. B. B., Noguera, L., Bruno, D., Vita, L., Zanino, M., Kassuha, D., Ortiz, J. E., Feresin, G. E., Díaz-Dellavalle, P., Orosco, L. L., et al. (2025) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-025-02167-3 · Cited by 7
The confluence of the creativity components in the ELT textbooks of inner, outer, and expanding circle countries: An investment theory of creativity
Tajabadi, H., Meihami, H., & Zarei, A. A. (2024) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2024.101463 · Cited by 7
Psychedelic Microdosing among Young Adults from Southern California
Harlow, A. F., Hendricks, P. S., Leventhal, A. M., & Barrington‐Trimis, J. L. (2024) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2024.2313684 · Cited by 9
Ayahuasca for the treatment of alcohol use disorder
Marinho, E. A. V., Serra, Y. A., Oliveira-Lima, A. J., Marcourakis, T., & Berro, L. F. (2024) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2024.07.007 · Cited by 10
A Dose of Creativity: An Integrative Review of the Effects of Serotonergic Psychedelics on Creativity
Costa, M. Â. (2022) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2022.2106805 · Cited by 7
A perspective on psychedelic teratogenicity: the utility of zebrafish models
Syed, O. A., Tsang, B., Petranker, R., & Gerlai, R. T. (2023) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2023.08.001 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
The zebrafish for preclinical psilocybin research
Syed, O. A., Tsang, B., & Gerlai, R. T. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105381 · Cited by 7
Microevidence for microdosing with psilocybin mushrooms: a double-blind placebo-controlled study of subjective effects, behavior, creativity, perception, cognition, and brain activityPreprint
Cavanna, F., Muller, S. L., de la Fuente, L. A., Zamberlán, F., Palmucci, M., Janeckova, L., Kuchař, M., Pallavicini, C., & Tagliazucchi, E. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.11.30.470657 · Cited by 7
Trait mindfulness and personality characteristics in a microdosing ADHD sample: a naturalistic prospective survey study
Haijen, E. C. H. M., Hurks, P. P. M., & Kuypers, K. P. C. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1233585 · Cited by 7
“Interestingly, openmindesness (i.e., openness) was higher and negative emotionality (i.e., neuroticism) was lower in current and former microdosers compared to MD-naïve controls (27).”
Result
Quantifying the Pollan Effect: Investigating the Impact of Emerging Psychiatric Interventions on Online Mental Health Discourse
Pendse, S. R., Kumar, N., & Choudhury, M. D. (2024) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3642477 · Cited by 8
Between enhancement and risk: A critical review of psychedelic microdosing
Totomanova, I., Haijen, E. C. H. M., Hurks, P. P. M., Ramaekers, J. G., & Kuypers, K. P. C. (2025) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2025.102129 · Cited by 6
Low, non-psychedelic doses of psilocybin as a novel treatment for MASLD, obesity and type 2 diabetes via 5-HT2B receptor-dependent mechanisms
Colognesi, M., Gabbia, D., Signor, A., Sarill, M., Centofanti, L., Rinaldi, A., Cascione, L., Nunziata, S., Banzato, M., Mattarei, A., et al. (2025) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2025.108080 · Cited by 8
The effect of psychedelic microdosing on animal behavior: A review with recommendations for the field
Syed, O. A., Petranker, R., & Tsang, B. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106204 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
A Chemical Love Story: Considering Microdosing as Somatechnic Individuation Vis-à-Vis the Philosophy of Simondon
Gray, C. (2020) · Somatechnics · doi:10.3366/soma.2020.0303 · Cited by 6
Imagining a Role for Psychedelics in Dementia Care
George, D. R., & Hanson, R. (2019) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2019.03.008 · Cited by 6
Asking questions of psychedelic microdosing
Cameron, L. P. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.66920 · Cited by 6
Can the gut-brain axis provide insight into psilocybin's therapeutic value in reducing stress?
Kit, A., Conway, K., Makarowski, S., O'Regan, G., Allen, J., Shultz, S. R., Bodnar, T. S., & Christie, B. R. (2025) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2025.100732 · Cited by 5
Psychedelic Drug Microdosing Practices: A Qualitative Online Exploration
Miller, E., Bojovic, V., Maddren, O., Rao, P., Adesina, D., Petrenko, A., & Ponton, R. (2024) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2024.2304554 · Cited by 5

Authors: Anderson, T., Petranker, R., Rosenbaum, D., Weissman, C. R., Dinh-Williams, L.-A., Hui, K., Hapke, E., & Farb, N. A. S.
Affiliations: University of Toronto (CA)
York University (CA)
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
Corresponding author: Anderson, Thomas
Petranker, Rotem
ORCID: Anderson, Thomas
Petranker, Rotem
Rosenbaum, Daniel
Weissman, Cory R.
Hui, Katrina
Farb, Norman A. S.
Venue: Psychopharmacology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2019-01-02
Volume: 236
Issue: 2
Pages: 731-740
ISSN: 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
1432-2072
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5106-2
OpenAlex: W2907379922
Cited by: 174
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 18
FWCI: 26.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Keywords: microdosing, psychedelics, LSD, psilocybin, personality, mental health, creativity, dysfunctional attitudes, negative affectivity, wisdom, open-mindedness, mood
MeSH terms: Adult, Anxiety, Creativity, Depression, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Emotions, Female, Hallucinogens, Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Male, Mental Health, Perception, Personality, Psilocybin, Surveys and Questionnaires

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Microdosing psychedelics: personality, mental health, and creativity differences in microdosers

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks