Cited by 128Heavy Metal Exposure and ToxicityEnvironmental Toxicology and EcotoxicologyTrace Elements in Health

Blood, Urine, and Sweat (BUS) Study: Monitoring and Elimination of Bioaccumulated Toxic Elements

Genuis, Stephen J., Birkholz, Detlef, Rodushkin, Ilia, Beesoon, Sanjay·2011·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

Abstract

There is limited understanding of the toxicokinetics of bioaccumulated toxic elements and their methods of excretion from the human body. This study was designed to assess the concentration of various toxic elements in three body fluids: blood, urine and sweat. Blood, urine, and sweat were collected from 20 individuals (10 healthy participants and 10 participants with various health problems) and analyzed for approximately 120 various compounds, including toxic elements. Toxic elements were found to differing degrees in each of blood, urine, and sweat. Serum levels for most metals and metalloids were comparable with those found in other studies in the scientific literature. Many toxic elements appeared to be preferentially excreted through sweat. Presumably stored in tissues, some toxic elements readily identified in the perspiration of some participants were not found in their serum. Induced sweating appears to be a potential method for elimination of many toxic elements from the human body. Biomonitoring for toxic elements through blood and/or urine testing may underestimate the total body burden of such toxicants. Sweat analysis should be considered as an additional method for monitoring bioaccumulation of toxic elements in humans.

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Crossref · 10.1007/s00244-010-9611-5

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  • In healthcare settings, PFAS-coated devices such as catheters, guidewires, and implantable materials may represent a significant but under-recognized route of exposure, particularly among neonates, children, and critically ill patients.

    “In healthcare settings, PFAS-coated devices such as catheters, guidewires, and implantable materials may represent a significant but under-recognized route of exposure, particularly among vulnerable populations such as neonates, children, and critically ill patients [10].”

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Authors
Genuis, S. J., Birkholz, D., Rodushkin, I., & Beesoon, S.
Affiliations
  • University of Alberta (CA)
  • Luleå University of Technology (SE)
Corresponding author
Genuis, Stephen J.
Venue
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Published
2010-11-06
Volume
61
Issue
2
Pages
344-357
ISSN
  • 0090-4341 (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-0703
OpenAlex
W2144786108
Cited by
128
References
73
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 10
FWCI
5.62
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
Keywords
toxic elements, bioaccumulation, toxicokinetics, sweat analysis, urine, blood, biomonitoring, metalloids, excretion pathways, body burden, heavy metals
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Blood Chemical Analysis, Body Fluids, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Monitoring, Female, Humans, Male, Metals, Middle Aged, Sweat, Young Adult

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