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Aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG): harmonized evaluation strategy
Open accessAbstract
Pathological accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated tau protein in astrocytes is a frequent, but poorly characterized feature of the aging brain. Its etiology is uncertain, but its presence is sufficiently ubiquitous to merit further characterization and classification, which may stimulate clinicopathological studies and research into its pathobiology. This paper aims to harmonize evaluation and nomenclature of aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG), a term that refers to a morphological spectrum of astroglial pathology detected by tau immunohistochemistry, especially with phosphorylation-dependent and 4R isoform-specific antibodies. ARTAG occurs mainly, but not exclusively, in individuals over 60 years of age. Tau-immunoreactive astrocytes in ARTAG include thorn-shaped astrocytes at the glia limitans and in white matter, as well as solitary or clustered astrocytes with perinuclear cytoplasmic tau immunoreactivity that extends into the astroglial processes as fine fibrillar or granular immunopositivity, typically in gray matter. Various forms of ARTAG may coexist in the same brain and might reflect different pathogenic processes. Based on morphology and anatomical distribution, ARTAG can be distinguished from primary tauopathies, but may be concurrent with primary tauopathies or other disorders. We recommend four steps for evaluation of ARTAG: (1) identification of five types based on the location of either morphologies of tau astrogliopathy: subpial, subependymal, perivascular, white matter, gray matter; (2) documentation of the regional involvement: medial temporal lobe, lobar (frontal, parietal, occipital, lateral temporal), subcortical, brainstem; (3) documentation of the severity of tau astrogliopathy; and (4) description of subregional involvement. Some types of ARTAG may underlie neurological symptoms; however, the clinical significance of ARTAG is currently uncertain and awaits further studies. The goal of this proposal is to raise awareness of astroglial tau pathology in the aged brain, facilitating communication among neuropathologists and researchers, and informing interpretation of clinical biomarkers and imaging studies that focus on tau-related indicators.
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“Primary age-related tauopathy (PART) and aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) are independent tau pathologies commonly observed in patients over 80 years of age, and PART may account for a proportion of the misdiagnosed clinical AD cases in the elderly [130, 141, 142].”
From The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (2019) · cites this paper as [141]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Perivascular, subpial, and periventricular p-tau immunoreactive NFTs and astrocytic tangles in the neocortex have been reported to be characteristic of both primary age-related tauopathy (PART) [35] and age-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) [36].”
From The Need to Separate Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Neuropathology from Clinical Features (2017) · cites this paper as [36]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“PART refers to neuronal tau pathology and ARTAG is characterized by astrocytic tau pathology, although they are not mutually exclusive, and appear to be more a manifestation of age than a subtype of neurodegenerative disease.”
From The Need to Separate Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Neuropathology from Clinical Features (2017) · cites this paper as [36]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Another exemplary phenomenon is age-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG), in which p-tau accumulates in astrocytes of various brain regions [79].”
From DNA repair deficiency and senescence in concussed professional athletes involved in contact sports (2019) · cites this paper as [79]
In the citing paper
“The panel did not ultimately accept all of the a priori criteria for CTE; they did not include pathology known to be associated with aging (i.e.primary age-related tauopathy [PART] [16] and aging-related tau astrogliopathy [ARTAG] [17]).”
From Mild Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Neuropathology in People With No Known Participation in Contact Sports or History of Repetitive Neurotrauma (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
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Citations
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Items 201–300 of 532
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“However, current NINDS/NIBIB CTE consensus criteria19 consider subpial and subcortical astrocytic tau to be part of CTE-NC, despite being indistinguishable from ARTAG.”
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BackgroundPatterns of Mixed Pathologies in Down Syndrome
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“Age-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) is a common pathologic feature of brain aging (Di et al., 2023; Iida et al., 2021; Kovacs et al., 2016; Kovacs et al., 2017c; Resende et al., 2020; Yagita et al., 2022).”
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Study of neuropathological changes and dementia in 100 centenarians in The 90+ Study
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“APOE ε4 present 26 (17) 25 (22) 4 (8) 10 (23)”
Frequency of Comorbid Pathologies and Their Clinical Impact in Multiple System Atrophy
Sekiya, H., Koga, S., Murakami, A., Deture, M. A., Ross, O. A., Uitti, R. J., Cheshire, W. P., Wszołek, Z. K., & Dickson, D. W. (2023) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.29670 · Cited by 21
“32 Lewy-related pathology, including Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, was evaluated with α -synuclein immunohistochemistry and staged according to Kosaka 33 and McKeith et al. 34 Lewy bodies were distinguished from neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions of MSA as well-circumscribed round inclusions in…”
MethodHoglund, Z. T., Ruiz‐Uribe, N. E., del Sastre, E., Woost, B., Bader, E., Bailey, J. J., Hyman, B. T., Zwang, T. J., & Bennett, R. E. (2024) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-024-02751-9 · Cited by 22
“Of note, none of the samples included in this study had CAA type 1 or age-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG)[24] in any brain region assessed by the ADRC, or evidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related changes (including infarcts) in the region of inferior temporal cortex selected for this…”
BackgroundSieben, A., Mossevelde, S. V., Wauters, E., Engelborghs, S., van der Zee, J., Langenhove, T. V., Santens, P., Praet, M. M., Boon, P., Miatton, M., et al. (2018) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-017-0334-y · Cited by 20
“ApoE Apolipoprotein E, CERAD Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Column 2: Montine classification [39, 83]; column 3: Thal stages for β-amyloid plaques [84]; column 4: Braak stages for neurofibrillary changes [85]; column 5: CERAD stages for senile plaques [86]: 0 = no pathology, 1 = sparse CERA…”
MethodNeurodegenerative Diseases and Ageing
Walker, L., McAleese, K. E., Erskine, D., & Attems, J. (2019) · Sub-cellular biochemistry/Subcellular biochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3681-2_4 · Cited by 21
Disease-modifying therapies for tauopathies: agents in the pipeline
Panza, F., Imbimbo, B. P., Lozupone, M., Greco, A., Seripa, D., Logroscino, G., Daniele, A., & Colosimo, C. (2019) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2019.1606715 · Cited by 20
“Three principal age-related tauopathies are currently under investigation: argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) [23,24], primary age-related tauopathy (PART) [25], and aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) [26].”
BackgroundInfluentialMixed Brain Pathology Is the Most Common Cause of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly
Alafuzoff, I. I., & Libard, S. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-200925 · Cited by 21
Evolving concepts of chronic traumatic encephalopathy as a neuropathological entity
Ling, H., Neal, J., & Révész, T. (2017) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/nan.12425 · Cited by 19
Fathy, Y. Y., Jonkman, L. E., Bol, J. G. J. M., Timmermans, E., Jonker, A. J., Rozemüller, A. J. M., & van de Berg, W. D. J. (2022) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-022-00325-x · Cited by 21
“Glial tauopathy such as age-related tauopathy of the astroglia (ARTAG) and primary age-related tauopathy were assessed primarily in the temporal cortex, olfactory cortex and amygdala by an experienced neuropathologist (AMR) [37, 38].”
BackgroundRobinson, A., Roncaroli, F., Davidson, Y. S., Minshull, J., Heal, C., Montaldi, D., Payton, A., Horan, M. A., Pendleton, N., & Mann, D. M. A. (2020) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5470 · Cited by 19
Genetic Insights into Alzheimer's Disease
Latimer, C. S., Lucot, K. L., Keene, C. D., Cholerton, B., & Montine, T. J. (2021) · Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032551 · Cited by 20
“Also, like diffuse plaques, NFTs and some glial tau pathology in a restricted distribution can be considered age-related processes that are not necessarily associated with cognitive decline (53, 54).”
BackgroundSchwab, N., & Hazrati, L.-N. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-180373 · Cited by 18
The Role of Tau in Neuronal Function and Neurodegeneration
Aranda-Abreu, G. E., Rojas-Durán, F., Hernández‐Aguilar, M. E., Herrera‐Covarrubias, D., García, L. I., Toledo‐Cárdenas, M. R., & Chi-Castañeda, D. (2025) · Neurology International · doi:10.3390/neurolint17050075 · Cited by 20
“In CBD, argyrophilic astrocytes with 4R-Tau are primarily found in the basal ganglia and parietal cortex [85].”
Richardson, T. E., Walker, J. M., Farrell, K. W., Oliveira, T. G., White, C. L., & Crary, J. F. (2025) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-025-02943-x · Cited by 25
Brezováková, V., Syková, E., & Jadhav, S. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11091429 · Cited by 19
“It is shown that astrocytes can uptake tau [17,18], and astroglial tau accumulation is observed in several tauopathies, broadly known as aging-related tau astrogliopathy [19,20].”
BackgroundLozupone, M., Dibello, V., Sardone, R., Castellana, F., Zupo, R., Lampignano, L., Bortone, I., Stallone, R., Altamura, M., Bellomo, A., et al. (2023) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2023.2200245 · Cited by 21
“At present, three principal age-related tauopathies have been identified: aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) [21], primary agerelated tauopathy (PART) [22], and argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) [23].”
BackgroundInfluentialTauopathy with hippocampal 4‐repeat tau immunoreactive spherical inclusions: a report of three cases
Kovács, G. G., Kwong, L. K., Grossman, M., Irwin, D. J., Lee, E. B., Robinson, J. L., Suh, E. R., Deerlin, V. M. V., Lee, V. M., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2016) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12482 · Cited by 18
“Furthermore, thorn-shaped astrocytes were noted in the white matter of the amygdala (Figure 2I), parietal lobe and midline of the medulla oblongata as well as subpial in several locations as described in ARTAG (19).”
BackgroundInfluentialLlibre‐Guerra, J. J., Lee, S. E., Suemoto, C. K., Ehrenberg, A. J., Kovács, G. G., Karydas, A., Staffaroni, A. M., Resende, E. D. P. F., Kim, E., Hwang, J., et al. (2020) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12924 · Cited by 18
“Furthermore, other findings support the interpretation that this neuro-astroglial tauopathy is different from ARTAG and/or AGD.”
BackgroundInfluentialCorpora amylacea are associated with tau burden and cognitive status in Alzheimer’s disease
Wander, C. M., Tsujimoto, T. H. M., Ervin, J. F., Wang, C., Maranto, S. M., Bhat, V., Dallmeier, J., Wang, S. J., Lin, F., Scott, W. K., et al. (2022) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-022-01409-5 · Cited by 18
Liu, A., Chang, J. E., Naasan, G., Boxer, A. L., Miller, B. L., & Spina, S. (2020) · Neurocase · doi:10.1080/13554794.2020.1732427 · Cited by 18
Nelson, P. T., Dickson, D. W., Trojanowski, J. Q., Jack, C. R., Boyle, P. A., Arfanakis, K., Rademakers, R., Alafuzoff, I. I., Attems, J., Brayne, C., et al. (2019) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awz226 · Cited by 18
“, 1996); the term ‘age-related’ is included in ageing-related tau astrogliopathy (Kovacs et al., 2016) and primary age-related tauopathy (Crary et al.”
van Amerongen, S., Kamps, S., Kaijser, K. K. M., Pijnenburg, Y. A. L., Scheltens, P., Teunissen, C. E., Barkhof, F., Ossenkoppele, R., Rozemüller, A. J. M., Stern, R. A., et al. (2023) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-023-01572-3 · Cited by 21
Passive tau-based immunotherapy for tauopathies
Panza, F., Solfrizzi, V., Daniele, A., & Lozupone, M. (2023) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-98817-9.00029-6 · Cited by 18
Gawor, K., Tomé, S. O., Vandenberghe, R. R., Damme, P. V., Vandenbulcke, M., Otto, M., Arnim, C. A. F. V., Ghebremedhin, E., Ronisz, A., Ospitalieri, S., et al. (2024) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcae442 · Cited by 22
Effect of tau-pathology on charged multivesicular body protein 2b (CHMP2B)
Midani-Kurçak, J. S., Dinekov, M., Puladi, B., Arzberger, T., & Köhler, C. N. (2018) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.11.008 · Cited by 17
Untangling the tauopathies: Current concepts of tau pathology and neurodegeneration
Ling, H. (2017) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.07.031 · Cited by 18
Cho, H., Seo, S. W., Choi, J. Y., Lee, H. S., Ryu, Y. H., Lee, M. S., Na, D. L., Kim, H. J., & Lyoo, C. H. (2018) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.02.015 · Cited by 19
Gawor, K., Verrept, S., Arekatla, G., Wouters, D., Ronisz, A., Hecht, M., Laureyssen, C., Donck, H. V., Lahaije, B., Ospitalieri, S., et al. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70483 · Cited by 18
“44,45 LATE-NC was diagnosed and staged based on recently published consensus guidelines.”
Emerging Role of Oligodendrocytes Malfunction in the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease
Tylek, K., & Basta‐Kaim, A. (2025) · Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s11481-025-10236-z · Cited by 19
“…as aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG), characterized by thorn-shaped astrocytes, may represent an early response to neuronal injury, barrier disruption, or mechanical stress, and in some cases may precede neuronal tau pathology in neurodegenerative diseases (Kovacs et al. 2016; Kovacs 2018).”
Taghdiri, F., Khodadadi, M., Sadia, N., Mushtaque, A., Scott, O. F. T., Hirsch‐Reinshagen, V., Tator, C. H., Wennberg, R. A., Kovács, G. G., & Tartaglia, M. C. (2024) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.16259 · Cited by 16
“…for CTE [15, 16 ], AD [ 24], LBD [25], corticobasal degeneration (CBD) [26], PSP [27 ], argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) [28], ageing-related tau astrogliopathy [29 ], primary age-related tauopathy (PART) [ 30], limbic age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) [ 31 ], and FTLD subtypes [32, 33].”
BackgroundClinicoradiological and neuropathological evaluation of primary progressive aphasia
Shir, D., Corriveau‐Lecavalier, N., Bermudez, C. L., Barnard, L. R., Pham, N. T. T., Botha, H., Duffy, J. R., Clark, H. M., Utianski, R. L., Knopman, D. S., et al. (2024) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2023-332862 · Cited by 23
Villareal, J. A. B., Bathe, T., Hery, G. P., Phillips, J. L., Tsering, W., & Prokop, S. (2024) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-024-03196-3 · Cited by 17
“Samples were stored in RNAse-free tubes at -20 C for long-term storage.”
MethodAlafuzoff, I. I. (2018) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63639-3.00010-4 · Cited by 15
Waller, R., Narramore, R., Simpson, J. E., Heath, P. R., Verma, N., Tinsley, M., Barnes, J. R., Haris, H. T., Henderson, F. E., Matthews, F. E., et al. (2020) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12928 · Cited by 17
“We examined the relationship of PARWM astroglial changes to another important and recently defined age-related pathology of astrocytes, ARTAG, which may involve white matter (53,54).”
BackgroundTripathy, A., Shade, A., Erskine, B., Bailey, K., Grande, A. J., deLong, J. J., Perry, G. L., & Castellani, R. J. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-181039 · Cited by 16
Serrano‐Pozo, A., Escott‐Price, V., Grinberg, L. T., Pascoal, T. A., Suárez‐Calvet, M., Dubois, B., & Sperling, R. A. (2026) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00198-4 · Cited by 20
Gutierrez-Quiceno, L., Dammer, E. B., Johnson, A. G., Webster, J. A., Shah, R., Duong, D. M., Yin, L., Seyfried, N. T., Alvarez, V. E., Stein, T. D., et al. (2021) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-021-00462-3 · Cited by 14
A novel histological staging of hippocampal sclerosis that is evident in gray matter loss in vivo
Ortega‐Cruz, D., Uceda‐Heras, A., Iglesias, J. E., Zea‐Sevilla, M. A., Strange, B. A., & Rábano, A. (2023) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12942 · Cited by 16
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Iacono, D., Shively, S. B., Edlow, B. L., & Perl, D. P. (2017) · Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2016.12.007 · Cited by 16
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Pathology After Shotgun Injury to the Brain
Tribett, T., Erskine, B., Bailey, K., Brown, T. T., & Castellani, R. J. (2019) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/1556-4029.14001 · Cited by 14
“Two major subtypes (that may occur together) are primary age-related tauopathy (PART) and agingrelated tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) (21,22).”
BackgroundInfluentialNeuropathology and cholinesterase expression in the brains of octogenarians and older
Maxwell, S. P., Cash, M. K., & Darvesh, S. (2022) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110065 · Cited by 15
Burgueño‐García, I., López-Martínez, M. J., Uceda‐Heras, A., García‐Carracedo, L., Zea‐Sevilla, M. A., Rodrigo-Lara, H., Rego-García, I., Saiz-Aúz, L., Ruiz-Valderrey, P., López‐González, F. J., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13226755 · Cited by 13
“• Aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG): A rather complex classification scheme has been proposed, as a research tool, for the registration of all possible types of regional involvement by ARTAG [33].”
HMGCS2-Induced Autophagic Degradation of Tau Involves Ketone Body and ANKRD24
Hu, L.-T., Xie, X.-Y., Zhou, G.-F., Wen, Q.-X., Song, L., Luo, B., Deng, X.-J., Pan, Q.-L., & Chen, G.-J. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-220640 · Cited by 14
“Impor-tantly, abnormally phosphorylated Tau is frequently found in astrocytes, in addition to neurons [33].”
Leiby, A. C., Scambray, K. A., Nguyen, H. L., Basith, F., Fakhraee, S., Melikyan, Z. A., Bukhari, S. A., Montine, T. J., Corrada, M. M., Kawas, C. H., et al. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-230238 · Cited by 14
“This finding is consistent with previous literature which indicates LATE-NC is associated with prolonged cognitive decline in comparison to ADNC [26, 27].”
Cortical-sparing chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CSCTE): a distinct subtype of CTE
Alexander, A. L., Alvarez, V. E., Huber, B. R., Alosco, M. L., Mez, J., Tripodis, Y., Nicks, R., Katz, D. I., Dwyer, B. C., Daneshvar, D. H., et al. (2024) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-024-02690-5 · Cited by 14
Very old onset parkinsonism: A clinical-pathological study
Jellinger, K. A. (2018) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.07.015 · Cited by 14
Yoshida, K., Hata, Y., Ichimata, S., & Nishida, N. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-190196 · Cited by 14
Zádori, D., Szalárdy, L., Reisz, Z., Kovács, G. G., Maszlag-Török, R., Ajeawung, N. F., Vécsei, L., Campeau, P. M., & Klivènyi, P. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00767 · Cited by 14
Zebrafish Models to Study New Pathways in Tauopathies
Barbereau, C., Cubedo, N., Maurice, T., & Rossel, M. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22094626 · Cited by 14
“Thus, the age-related tau astrogliopathy, ARTAG group has been characterized by Tau deposits in glial cells, as described for some PSP [4].”
BackgroundInfluentialAging-Related Tau Astrogliopathy in Aging and Neurodegeneration
McCann, H., Durand, B., & Shepherd, C. E. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11070927 · Cited by 15
Libard, S., Laurell, K., Cesarini, K. G., & Alafuzoff, I. I. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-170446 · Cited by 16
Astrocytic tau pathologies in aged human brain
Okamoto, K., Amari, M., Fukuda, T., Suzuki, K., & Takatama, M. (2019) · Neuropathology · doi:10.1111/neup.12544 · Cited by 15
“Recently, argyrophilic and taupositive abnormal structures in astrocytes were frequently noted in aged brains, with the new nomenclature of ARTAG proposed.(11) Reports on tau astrogliopathies are increasing.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Kovacs, G. G., Ferrer, I., Grinberg, L. T., Alafuzoff, I., Attems, J., Budka, H., Cairns, N. J., Crary, J. F., Duyckaerts, C., Ghetti, B., Halliday, G. M., Ironside, J. W., Love, S., Mackenzie, I. R., Munoz, D. G., Murray, M. E., Nelson, P. T., Takahashi, H., Trojanowski, J. Q., Ansorge, O., Arzberger, T., Baborie, A., Beach, T. G., Bieniek, K. F., Bigio, E. H., Bodi, I., Dugger, B. N., Feany, M., Gelpi, E., Gentleman, S. M., Giaccone, G., Hatanpaa, K. J., Heale, R., Hof, P. R., Hofer, M., Hortobágyi, T., Jellinger, K., Jicha, G. A., Ince, P., Kofler, J., Kövari, E., Kril, J. J., Mann, D. M., Matej, R., McKee, A. C., McLean, C., Milenkovic, I., Montine, T. J., Murayama, S., Lee, E. B., Rahimi, J., Rodriguez, R. D., Rozemüller, A., Schneider, J. A., Schultz, C., Seeley, W., Seilhean, D., Smith, C., Tagliavini, F., Takao, M., Thal, D. R., Toledo, J. B., Tolnay, M., Troncoso, J. C., Vinters, H. V., Weis, S., Wharton, S. B., White, C. L., Wisniewski, T., Woulfe, J. M., Yamada, M., & Dickson, D. W.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Newcastle University (GB)
- University Hospital Zurich (CH)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Sorbonne Université (FR)
- Indiana University School of Medicine (US)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Southmead Hospital (GB)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- University of Kentucky (US)
- Brain Research Institute, Niigata University (JP)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
- Institut für Neuropathologie (DE)
- Walton Centre (GB)
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (IT)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- University of Debrecen (HU)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Boston University (US)
- The Alfred Hospital (AU)
- University of Washington (US)
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (JP)
- Vienna General Hospital (AT)
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Saitama International Medical Center (JP)
- Universität Ulm (DE)
- University Hospital of Basel (CH)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Johannes Kepler University of Linz (AT)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Kanazawa University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Dickson, Dennis W.
- ORCID
- Grinberg, Lea T.
- Alafuzoff, Irina
- Attems, Johannes
- Budka, Herbert
- Cairns, Nigel J.
- Crary, John F.
- Duyckaerts, Charles
- Ghetti, Bernardino
- Halliday, Glenda M.
- Ironside, James W.
- Love, Seth
- Mackenzie, Ian R.
- Murray, Melissa E.
- Nelson, Peter T.
- Takahashi, Hitoshi
- Trojanowski, John Q.
- Ansorge, Olaf
- Arzberger, Thomas
- Beach, Thomas G.
- Bieniek, Kevin F.
- Bigio, Eileen H.
- Dugger, Brittany N.
- Feany, Mel
- Giaccone, Giorgio
- Hatanpaa, Kimmo J.
- Heale, Richard
- Hof, Patrick R.
- Hofer, Monika
- Hortobágyi, Tibor
- Jellinger, Kurt
- Jicha, Gregory A.
- Ince, Paul
- Kofler, Julia
- Kril, Jillian J.
- Mann, David M.
- McKee, Ann C.
- McLean, Catriona
- Montine, Thomas J.
- Murayama, Shigeo
- Lee, Edward B.
- Rodriguez, Roberta D.
- Rozemüller, Annemieke
- Schneider, Julie A.
- Schultz, Christian
- Seeley, William
- Seilhean, Danielle
- Smith, Colin
- Tagliavini, Fabrizio
- Takao, Masaki
- Thal, Dietmar Rudolf
- Toledo, Jon B.
- Tolnay, Markus
- Troncoso, Juan C.
- Vinters, Harry V.
- Weis, Serge
- Wharton, Stephen B.
- White, Charles L.
- Woulfe, John M.
- Yamada, Masahito
- Dickson, Dennis W.
- Venue
- Acta Neuropathologica
- Published
- 2015-12-10
- Volume
- 131
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 87-102
- ISSN
- 0001-6322 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0533
- PMC
- PMC4879001
- OpenAlex
- W2195527239
- Cited by
- 532
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 27.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.amsterdamumc.nl
- Licence
- Locations
- Acta Neuropathologica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Explore Bristol Research (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Debrecen Electronic Archive (University of Debrecen) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Debrecen Electronic Archive (University of Debrecen) (submittedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- Purdue University Indianapolis (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Funders
- FP7 EU Project (Develage No. 278486)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH P30 AG10133, R01 AG040311, P01 AG019724-03, P50 AG023501, AG010124, AG017586, P50 AG005138, AG028383, P50AG05146, grants P50 AG05136 and P50 NS062684, P50 AG016574 and P50 NS072187)
- NIA Grant (P50 AG05681, P01 AG03991)
- Nelson Family Foundation
- Alzheimer’s Research UK
- Alzheimer's Society, National Institute for Health Research
- Medical Research Council (G0400074, MR/L016400/1, MR/L016400/1 Edinburgh Brain Bank)
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (Senior Principal Research Fellow (#630434))
- Grant Agency of Ministry of Health of Czech Republic (IGA NT12094-5)
- NIA P50 (P50 AG005133)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (1U01NS086659-01)
- National Institute of Aging Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center (P30AG13846; supplement 0572063345–5)
- MRC (MC-PC-13044)
- National Brain Research Program, Hungary (KTIA_13_NAP-A-II/7)
- Grant-in-Aid (KAKEN 26250017)
- NIH (P30AG12300)
- DFG Grant (SFB 1134/A03)
- Alzheimer's Disease Core Center (P30AG008051-26)
- Grant (AG13854)
- JSPS KAKENHI (26430060)
- Italian Ministry of Health
- Vienna KIN-Neurobiobank and VITA–study
- France Alzheimer, France Parkinson, Fondacion ARSEP and CSC (GIE NeuroCEB)
- Neuroscience Research Australia and the University of New South Wales (Sydney Brain Bank)
- Sheffield and Cambridge Brain Banks (Brain Banks)
- Parkinson's UK (Parkinson's UK Tissue Bank at Imperial College)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- tau phosphorylation, astrocytes, glia limitans, white matter, gray matter, primary tauopathies, nomenclature, brain aging, clinical biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Astrocytes, Brain, Humans, Neuroglia, tau Proteins, Tauopathies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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