CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 46Muscle Physiology and DisordersMuscle metabolism and nutritionCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Improvements in skeletal muscle fiber size with resistance training are age-dependent in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Open access
Straight, Chad R., Fedewa, Michael V., Toth, Michael J., Miller, Mark S.·2020·Journal of Applied Physiology
DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00170.2020PMC PMC7473942
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

As studies examining the hypertrophic effects of resistance training (RT) at the cellular level have produced inconsistent results, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate muscle fiber size before and after a structured RT intervention in older adults. A random-effects model was used to calculate mean effect size (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Thirty-five studies were included (age range: 59.0–88.5 yr), and 44 and 30 effects were used to estimate RT impact on myosin heavy chain (MHC) I and II fiber size. RT produced moderate-to-large increases in MHC I (ES = +0.51, 95%CI +0.31 to +0.71; P < 0.001) and II (ES = +0.81, 95%CI +0.56 to +1.05; P < 0.001) fiber size, with men and women having a similar response. Age was negatively associated with change in muscle fiber size for both fiber types (MHC I: R 2 = 0.11, β = −0.33, P = 0.002; MHC II: R 2 = 0.10, β = −0.32, P = 0.04), indicating a less robust hypertrophic response as age increases in older adults. Unexpectedly, a higher training intensity (defined as percentage of one-repetition maximum) was associated with a smaller increase in MHC II fiber size ( R 2 = 15.09%, β = −0.39, P = 0.01). Notably, MHC II fiber subtypes (IIA, IIX, IIAX) were examined less frequently, but RT improved their size. Overall, our findings indicate that RT induces cellular hypertrophy in older adults, although the effect is attenuated with increasing age. In addition, hypertrophy of MHC II fibers was reduced with higher training intensity, which may suggest a failure of muscle fibers to hypertrophy in response to high loads in older adults.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1152/japplphysiol.00170.2020

Cites

24 of 24 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Light load training appears to be at least as effective as heavier load training, if not more so, for inducing hypertrophy in older individuals.

    “From an age-related standpoint, light load training appears to be at least as effective as heavier load training, if not more so, for inducing hypertrophy in older individuals.”

    From Loading recommendations for muscle strength, hypertrophy, and local endurance: a re-examination of the repetition continuum. (2021) · cites this paper as [45]

  • Straight et al. meta-analytic data found that older individuals responded to both higher and lower loading protocols, but muscle hypertrophy was attenuated in type II muscle fibers when training with heavier loads; the difference between loading strategies explained ~15% of the variance in change in fiber size.

    “Meta-analytic data from Straight et al. [45] found that while older individuals responded to both higher and lower loading protocols, muscle hypertrophy was attenuated in type II muscle fibers when training with heavier loads; the difference between loading strategies explained ~15% of the variance in change in fiber size.”

    From Loading recommendations for muscle strength, hypertrophy, and local endurance: a re-examination of the repetition continuum. (2021) · cites this paper as [45]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 72

  1. Andersen JL, Terzis G, Kryger A. Increase in the degree of coexpres- sion of myosin heavy chain isoforms in skeletal muscle fibers of the very old. Muscle Nerve 22: 449 -454, 1999. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097- 4598(199904)22:4Ͻ449:AID-MUS4Ͼ3.0.CO;2-2. · DOI
  2. Balage M, Averous J, Rémond D, Bos C, Pujos-Guillot E, Papet I, Mosoni L, Combaret L, Dardevet D. Presence of low-grade inflam- mation impaired postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in old rats. J Nutr Biochem 21: 325-331, 2010. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009. 01.005. · DOI
  3. Bamman MM, Hill VJ, Adams GR, Haddad F, Wetzstein CJ, Gower BA, Ahmed A, Hunter GR. Gender differences in resistance-training- induced myofiber hypertrophy among older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 58: 108 -116, 2003. doi:10.1093/gerona/58.2.B108. · DOI
  4. Bottinelli R, Reggiani C. Human skeletal muscle fibres: molecular and functional diversity. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 73: 195-262, 2000. doi:10. 1016/S0079-6107(00)00006-7. · DOI
  5. Breen L, Phillips SM. Skeletal muscle protein metabolism in the elderly: Interventions to counteract the 'anabolic resistance' of ageing. Nutr Metab (Lond) 8: 68, 2011. doi:10.1186/1743-7075-8-68. · DOI · Paper page
  6. Burd NA, Gorissen SH, van Loon LJ. Anabolic resistance of muscle protein synthesis with aging. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 41: 169 -173, 2013. doi:10.1097/JES.0b013e318292f3d5. · DOI · Paper page
  7. Campos GE, Luecke TJ, Wendeln HK, Toma K, Hagerman FC, Murray TF, Ragg KE, Ratamess NA, Kraemer WJ, Staron RS. Muscular adaptations in response to three different resistance-training regimens: specificity of repetition maximum training zones. Eur J Appl Physiol 88: 50 -60, 2002. doi:10.1007/s00421-002-0681-6. · DOI · Paper page
  8. Charette SL, McEvoy L, Pyka G, Snow-Harter C, Guido D, Wiswell RA, Marcus R. Muscle hypertrophy response to resistance training in older women. J Appl Physiol (1985) 70: 1912-1916, 1991. doi:10.1152/ jappl.1991.70.5.1912. · DOI
  9. Cheema BS, Chan D, Fahey P, Atlantis E. Effect of progressive resistance training on measures of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, muscular strength and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med 44: 1125- 1138, 2014. doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0176-8. · DOI
  10. Chilibeck PD, Kaviani M, Candow DG, Zello GA. Effect of creatine supplementation during resistance training on lean tissue mass and muscular strength in older adults: a meta-analysis. Open Access J Sports Med 8: 213-226, 2017. doi:10.2147/OAJSM.S123529. · DOI · Paper page
  11. Claflin DR, Larkin LM, Cederna PS, Horowitz JF, Alexander NB, Cole NM, Galecki AT, Chen S, Nyquist LV, Carlson BM, Faulkner JA, Ashton-Miller JA. Effects of high-and low-velocity resistance training on the contractile properties of skeletal muscle fibers from young and older humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 111: 1021-1030, 2011. doi:10. 1152/japplphysiol.01119.2010. · DOI · Paper page
  12. Cohen J. A power primer. Psychol Bull 112: 155-159, 1992. doi:10. 1037/0033-2909.112.1.155. · DOI · Paper page
  13. Craig BW, Brown R, Everhart J. Effects of progressive resistance training on growth hormone and testosterone levels in young and elderly subjects. Mech Ageing Dev 49: 159 -169, 1989. doi:10.1016/0047- 6374(89)90099-7. · DOI · Paper page
  14. Csapo R, Alegre LM. Effects of resistance training with moderate vs heavy loads on muscle mass and strength in the elderly: A meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 26: 995-1006, 2016. doi:10.1111/sms.12536. · DOI · Paper page
  15. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta- analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 315: 629 -634, 1997. doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629. · DOI · Paper page
  16. Fedewa MV, Gist NH, Evans EM, Dishman RK. Exercise and insulin resistance in youth: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 133: e163-e174, 2014. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-2718. · DOI
  17. Fedewa MV, Hathaway ED, Ward-Ritacco CL. Effect of exercise training on C reactive protein: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med 51: 670 -676, 2017. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-095999. · DOI · Paper page
  18. Fedewa MV, Hathaway ED, Williams TD, Schmidt MD. Effect of exercise training on non-exercise physical activity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sports Med 47: 1171- 1182, 2017. doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0649-z. · DOI
  19. Fedewa MV, MacDonald HV, Hathaway ED, Williams TD, Schmidt MD. Author's reply to Paravidino et al.: Comment on: "Effect of exercise training on non-exercise physical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Sports Med 47: 2131- 2134, 2017. doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0756-5. · DOI
  20. Ferketich AK, Kirby TE, Alway SE. Cardiovascular and muscular adaptations to combined endurance and strength training in elderly women. Acta Physiol Scand 164: 259 -267, 1998. doi:10.1046/j.1365- 201X.1998.00428.x. · DOI
  21. Flück M, Hoppeler H. Molecular basis of skeletal muscle plasticity- from gene to form and function. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 146: 159 -216, 2003. doi:10.1007/s10254-002-0004-7. · DOI
  22. Frontera WR, Hughes VA, Krivickas LS, Kim SK, Foldvari M, Roubenoff R. Strength training in older women: early and late changes in whole muscle and single cells. Muscle Nerve 28: 601-608, 2003. doi:10.1002/mus.10480. · DOI
  23. Frontera WR, Meredith CN, O'Reilly KP, Knuttgen HG, Evans WJ. Strength conditioning in older men: skeletal muscle hypertrophy and improved function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 64: 1038 -1044, 1988. doi:10. 1152/jappl.1988.64.3.1038. · DOI
  24. Grgic J, Schoenfeld BJ. Are the hypertrophic adaptations to high and low-load resistance training muscle fiber type specific? Front Physiol 9: 402, 2018. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00402. · DOI
  25. Grimby G, Aniansson A, Hedberg M, Henning GB, Grangård U, Kvist H. Training can improve muscle strength and endurance in 78-to 84-yr-old men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 73: 2517-2523, 1992. doi:10.1152/ jappl.1992.73.6.2517. · DOI
  26. Hagerman FC, Walsh SJ, Staron RS, Hikida RS, Gilders RM, Murray TF, Toma K, Ragg KE. Effects of high-intensity resistance training on untrained older men. I. Strength, cardiovascular, and meta- bolic responses. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 55: B336 -B346, 2000. doi:10.1093/gerona/55.7.B336. · DOI
  27. Häkkinen K, Kallinen M, Izquierdo M, Jokelainen K, Lassila H, Mälkiä E, Kraemer WJ, Newton RU, Alen M. Changes in agonist- antagonist EMG, muscle CSA, and force during strength training in middle-aged and older people. J Appl Physiol (1985) 84: 1341-1349, 1998. doi:10.1152/jappl.1998.84.4.1341. · DOI · Paper page
  28. Häkkinen K, Kraemer WJ, Newton RU, Alen M. Changes in electro- myographic activity, muscle fibre and force production characteristics during heavy resistance/power strength training in middle-aged and older men and women. Acta Physiol Scand 171: 51-62, 2001. doi:10.1046/j. 1365-201x.2001.171001051.x. · DOI
  29. Häkkinen K, Pakarinen A, Kraemer WJ, Häkkinen A, Valkeinen H, Alen M. Selective muscle hypertrophy, changes in EMG and force, and serum hormones during strength training in older women. J Appl Physiol (1985) 91: 569 -580, 2001. doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.91.2.569. · DOI
  30. Hedges L, Olkin I. Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1985.
  31. Hikida RS, Staron RS, Hagerman FC, Walsh S, Kaiser E, Shell S, Hervey S. Effects of high-intensity resistance training on untrained older men. II. Muscle fiber characteristics and nucleo-cytoplasmic relation- ships. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 55: B347-B354, 2000. doi:10.1093/ gerona/55.7.B347. · DOI · Paper page
  32. Holwerda AM, Overkamp M, Paulussen KJM, Smeets JSJ, van Kranenburg J, Backx EMP, Gijsen AP, Goessens JPB, Verdijk LB, van Loon LJC. Protein supplementation after exercise and before sleep does not further augment muscle mass and strength gains during resis- tance exercise training in active older men. J Nutr 148: 1723-1732, 2018. doi:10.1093/jn/nxy169. · DOI
  33. Kadi F, Charifi N, Denis C, Lexell J. Satellite cells and myonuclei in young and elderly women and men. Muscle Nerve 29: 120 -127, 2004. doi:10.1002/mus.10510. · DOI
  34. Klitgaard H, Zhou M, Schiaffino S, Betto R, Salviati G, Saltin B. Ageing alters the myosin heavy chain composition of single fibres from human skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol Scand 140: 55-62, 1990. doi:10. 1111/j.1748-1716.1990.tb08975.x. · DOI
  35. Kosek DJ, Kim JS, Petrella JK, Cross JM, Bamman MM. Efficacy of 3 days/wk resistance training on myofiber hypertrophy and myogenic mechanisms in young vs. older adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 101: 531-544, 2006. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01474.2005. · DOI · Paper page
  36. Kraemer WJ, Häkkinen K, Newton RU, Nindl BC, Volek JS, Mc- Cormick M, Gotshalk LA, Gordon SE, Fleck SJ, Campbell WW, Putukian M, Evans WJ. Effects of heavy-resistance training on hor- monal response patterns in younger vs. older men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 87: 982-992, 1999. doi:10.1152/jappl.1999.87.3.982. · DOI
  37. Lange KH, Andersen JL, Beyer N, Isaksson F, Larsson B, Rasmus- sen MH, Juul A, Bülow J, Kjaer M. GH administration changes myosin heavy chain isoforms in skeletal muscle but does not augment muscle strength or hypertrophy, either alone or combined with resistance exer- cise training in healthy elderly men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 513-523, 2002. doi:10.1210/jcem.87.2.8206. · DOI
  38. Larsson L. Histochemical characteristics of human skeletal muscle during aging. Acta Physiol Scand 117: 469 -471, 1983. doi:10.1111/j. 1748-1716.1983.tb00024.x. · DOI · Paper page
  39. Larsson L. Physical training effects on muscle morphology in sedentary males at different ages. Med Sci Sports Exerc 14: 203-206, 1982. doi:10.1249/00005768-198203000-00009. · DOI
  40. Larsson L, Degens H, Li M, Salviati L, Lee YI, Thompson W, Kirkland JL, Sandri M. Sarcopenia: aging-related loss of muscle mass and function. Physiol Rev 99: 427-511, 2019. doi:10.1152/physrev. 00061.2017. · DOI · Paper page
  41. Leenders M, Verdijk LB, van der Hoeven L, van Kranenburg J, Nilwik R, van Loon LJ. Elderly men and women benefit equally from prolonged resistance-type exercise training. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 68: 769 -779, 2013. doi:10.1093/gerona/gls241. · DOI · Paper page
  42. Leenders M, Verdijk LB, Van der Hoeven L, Van Kranenburg J, Nilwik R, Wodzig WK, Senden JM, Keizer HA, Van Loon LJ. Protein supplementation during resistance-type exercise training in the elderly. Med Sci Sports Exerc 45: 542-552, 2013. doi:10.1249/ MSS.0b013e318272fcdb. · DOI
  43. Léger B, Cartoni R, Praz M, Lamon S, Dériaz O, Crettenand A, Gobelet C, Rohmer P, Konzelmann M, Luthi F, Russell AP. Akt signalling through GSK-3beta, mTOR and Foxo1 is involved in human skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy. J Physiol 576: 923-933, 2006. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.116715. · DOI
  44. Lexell J, Downham DY, Larsson Y, Bruhn E, Morsing B. Heavy- resistance training in older Scandinavian men and women: short-and long-term effects on arm and leg muscles. Scand J Med Sci Sports 5: 329 -341, 1995. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.1995.tb00055.x. · DOI
  45. Lipsey MW, Wilson DB. Practice Meta-Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2001, vol. 49.
  46. Martel GF, Roth SM, Ivey FM, Lemmer JT, Tracy BL, Hurlbut DE, Metter EJ, Hurley BF, Rogers MA. Age and sex affect human muscle fibre adaptations to heavy-resistance strength training. Exp Physiol 91: 457-464, 2006. doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2005.032771. · DOI · Paper page
  47. Mayhew DL, Kim JS, Cross JM, Ferrando AA, Bamman MM. Translational signaling responses preceding resistance training-mediated myofiber hypertrophy in young and old humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 107: 1655-1662, 2009. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91234.2008. · DOI · Paper page
  48. Mero AA, Hulmi JJ, Salmijärvi H, Katajavuori M, Haverinen M, Holviala J, Ridanpää T, Häkkinen K, Kovanen V, Ahtiainen JP, Selänne H. Resistance training induced increase in muscle fiber size in young and older men. Eur J Appl Physiol 113: 641-650, 2013. doi:10. 1007/s00421-012-2466-x. · DOI
  49. Miller MS, Bedrin NG, Ades PA, Palmer BM, Toth MJ. Molecular determinants of force production in human skeletal muscle fibers: effects of myosin isoform expression and cross-sectional area. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 308: C473-C484, 2015. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00158.2014. · DOI
  50. Miller MS, Bedrin NG, Callahan DM, Previs MJ, Jennings ME II, Ades PA, Maughan DW, Palmer BM, Toth MJ. Age-related slowing of myosin actin cross-bridge kinetics is sex specific and predicts decre- ments in whole skeletal muscle performance in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 115: 1004 -1014, 2013. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00563.2013. · DOI
  51. Miller MS, Callahan DM, Tourville TW, Slauterbeck JR, Kaplan A, Fiske BR, Savage PD, Ades PA, Beynnon BD, Toth MJ. Moderate- intensity resistance exercise alters skeletal muscle molecular and cellular structure and function in inactive older adults with knee osteoarthritis. J Appl Physiol (1985) 122: 775-787, 2017. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol. 00830.2016. · DOI
  52. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group P; PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta- analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 6: e1000097, 2009. doi:10. 1371/journal.pmed.1000097. · DOI · Paper page
  53. Moro T, Brightwell CR, Phalen DE, McKenna CF, Lane SJ, Porter C, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB, Fry CS. Low skeletal muscle capillariza- tion limits muscle adaptation to resistance exercise training in older adults. Exp Gerontol 127: 110723, 2019. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2019. 110723. · DOI · Paper page
  54. Morton RW, Traylor DA, Weijs PJM, Phillips SM. Defining anabolic resistance: implications for delivery of clinical care nutrition. Curr Opin Crit Care 24: 124 -130, 2018. doi:10.1097/MCC.0000000000000488. · DOI
  55. Murach KA, Dungan CM, Kosmac K, Voigt TB, Tourville TW, Miller MS, Bamman MM, Peterson CA, Toth MJ. Fiber typing human skeletal muscle with fluorescent immunohistochemistry. J Appl Physiol (1985) 127: 1632-1639, 2019. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00624.2019. · DOI
  56. Parente V, D'Antona G, Adami R, Miotti D, Capodaglio P, De Vito G, Bottinelli R. Long-term resistance training improves force and unloaded shortening velocity of single muscle fibres of elderly women. Eur J Appl Physiol 104: 885-893, 2008. doi:10.1007/s00421-008- 0845-0. · DOI
  57. Pyka G, Lindenberger E, Charette S, Marcus R. Muscle strength and fiber adaptations to a year-long resistance training program in elderly men and women. J Gerontol 49: M22-M27, 1994. doi:10.1093/geronj/ 49.1.M22. · DOI
  58. Rieu I, Magne H, Savary-Auzeloux I, Averous J, Bos C, Peyron MA, Combaret L, Dardevet D. Reduction of low grade inflammation restores blunting of postprandial muscle anabolism and limits sarcopenia in old rats. J Physiol 587: 5483-5492, 2009. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2009. 178319. · DOI
  59. Rosenthal R. Meta-Analytic Procedures for Social Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 1991.
  60. Slivka D, Raue U, Hollon C, Minchev K, Trappe S. Single muscle fiber adaptations to resistance training in old (Ͼ80 yr) men: evidence for limited skeletal muscle plasticity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 295: R273-R280, 2008. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00093.2008. · DOI
  61. Smith GI, Villareal DT, Sinacore DR, Shah K, Mittendorfer B. Muscle protein synthesis response to exercise training in obese, older men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 44: 1259 -1266, 2012. doi:10. 1249/MSS.0b013e3182496a41. · DOI
  62. Snijders T, Nederveen JP, Joanisse S, Leenders M, Verdijk LB, van Loon LJ, Parise G. Muscle fibre capillarization is a critical factor in muscle fibre hypertrophy during resistance exercise training in older men. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 8: 267-276, 2017. doi:10.1002/ jcsm.12137. · DOI
  63. Staron RS, Herman JR, Schuenke MD. Misclassification of hybrid fast fibers in resistance-trained human skeletal muscle using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. J Strength Cond Res 26: 2616 - 2622, 2012. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182667095. · DOI
  64. Sterne JA, Egger M. Funnel plots for detecting bias in meta-analysis: guidelines on choice of axis. J Clin Epidemiol 54: 1046 -1055, 2001. doi:10.1016/S0895-4356(01)00377-8. · DOI · Paper page
  65. Sterne JA, Sutton AJ, Ioannidis JP, Terrin N, Jones DR, Lau J, Carpenter J, Rücker G, Harbord RM, Schmid CH, Tetzlaff J, Deeks JJ, Peters J, Macaskill P, Schwarzer G, Duval S, Altman DG, Moher D, Higgins JP. Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 343: d4002, 2011. doi:10.1136/bmj.d4002. · DOI · Paper page
  66. Stewart LA, Tierney JF. To IPD or not to IPD? Advantages and disadvantages of systematic reviews using individual patient data. Eval Health Prof 25: 76 -97, 2002. doi:10.1177/0163278702025001006. · DOI
  67. Taaffe DR, Pruitt L, Pyka G, Guido D, Marcus R. Comparative effects of high-and low-intensity resistance training on thigh muscle strength, fiber area, and tissue composition in elderly women. Clin Physiol 16: 381-392, 1996. doi:10.1111/j.1475-097X.1996.tb00727.x. · DOI
  68. Toth MJ, Matthews DE, Tracy RP, Previs MJ. Age-related differences in skeletal muscle protein synthesis: relation to markers of immune activation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 288: E883-E891, 2005. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00353.2004. · DOI
  69. Trappe S, Godard M, Gallagher P, Carroll C, Rowden G, Porter D. Resistance training improves single muscle fiber contractile function in older women. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 281: C398 -C406, 2001. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.2001.281.2.C398. · DOI
  70. Trappe S, Williamson D, Godard M, Porter D, Rowden G, Costill D. Effect of resistance training on single muscle fiber contractile function in older men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 89: 143-152, 2000. doi:10.1152/jappl. 2000.89.1.143. · DOI
  71. Trappe TA, Ratchford SM, Brower BE, Liu SZ, Lavin KM, Carroll CC, Jemiolo B, Trappe SW. COX inhibitor influence on skeletal muscle fiber size and metabolic adaptations to resistance exercise in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 71: 1289 -1294, 2016. doi:10.1093/gerona/ glv231. · DOI
  72. Verdijk LB, Gleeson BG, Jonkers RA, Meijer K, Savelberg HH, Dendale P, van Loon LJ. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy following resis- tance training is accompanied by a fiber type-specific increase in satellite cell content in elderly men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 64: 332-339, 2009. doi:10.1093/gerona/gln050. · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Straight, C. R., Fedewa, M. V., Toth, M. J., & Miller, M. S.
Affiliations
  • University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
  • University of Alabama (US)
  • University of Vermont (US)
Corresponding author
Miller, Mark S.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
2020-08-01
Volume
129
Issue
2
Pages
392-403
ISSN
  • 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
  • 8750-7587
  • 1522-1601
DOI
10.1152/japplphysiol.00170.2020
PMC
PMC7473942
OpenAlex
W3045393412
Cited by
46
References
24
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7
FWCI
0.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
other-oa
Locations
  • Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
HHS | National Institutes of Health (AG047245, AG050305)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
resistance training, muscle fiber size, skeletal muscle hypertrophy, older adults, myosin heavy chain, exercise intensity, age-related decline, sex differences
MeSH terms
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Hypertrophy, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Myosin Heavy Chains, Resistance Training

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review