Creatine Supplementation Enhances Isometric Strength and Body Composition Improvements Following Strength Exercise Training in Older Adults

Brose, A.; Parise, G.; Tarnopolsky, M. A.

doi:10.1093/gerona/58.1.b11

Cited by 274Muscle metabolism and nutritionNutrition and Health in AgingSports Performance and Training

Creatine Supplementation Enhances Isometric Strength and Body Composition Improvements Following Strength Exercise Training in Older Adults

Brose, A., Parise, G., Tarnopolsky, M. A.·2003·The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences

DOI 10.1093/gerona/58.1.b11

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Abstract

We sought to determine whether creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation would enhance the increases in strength and fat-free mass that develop during resistance exercise training in older adults. Twenty-eight healthy men and women over the age of 65 years participated in a whole-body resistance exercise program 3 days per week for 14 weeks. The study participants were randomly allocated, in a double-blind fashion, to receive either CrM (5 g/d + 2 g of dextrose; n = 14) or placebo (7 g of dextrose; n = 14). The primary outcome measurements included the following: total body mass, fat-free mass, one-repetition maximum strength for each body part, isometric knee extension, handgrip, and dorsiflexion strength, chair stand performance, 30-m walk test, 14-stair climb performance, muscle fiber type and area, and intramuscular total creatine. Fourteen weeks of resistance exercise training resulted in significant increases in all measurements of strength and functional tasks and muscle fiber area for both groups (p <.05). CrM supplementation resulted in significantly greater increases in fat-free mass and total body mass, as compared with placebo (p <.05). The CrM group also showed a greater increase in isometric knee extension strength in men and women, as compared with placebo (p <.05), and also greater gains in isometric dorsiflexion strength (p <.05), but in men only. There was a significant increase in intramuscular total creatine in the CrM group (p <.05). Finally, there were no significant side effects of treatment or exercise training. This study confirms that supervised heavy resistance exercise training can safely increase muscle strength and functional capacity in older adults. The addition of CrM supplementation to the exercise stimulus enhanced the increase in total and fat-free mass, and gains in several indices of isometric muscle strength.

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Some but not all studies show a muscle strength benefit with the use of creatine supplements in older people.
“Some 173,206 but not all 172,207 studies show a muscle strength benefit with the use of creatine supplements in older people.”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [173]
In general, creatine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate have positive effects on lean body mass and strength, but the effects tend to be small and are not consistent.
“In general, these agents have positive effects on lean body mass and strength, but the effects tend to be small and are not consistent.”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [173]

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CURRENT NUTRITIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS AND NOVEL DIETARY STRATEGIES TO MANAGE SARCOPENIA
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Global and targeted gene expression and protein content in skeletal muscle of young men following short-term creatine monohydrate supplementation
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Creatine Monohydrate and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Improve Strength and Body Composition Following Resistance Exercise in Older Adults
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Effects of creatine, ginseng, and astragalus supplementation on strength, body composition, mood, and blood lipids during strength-training in older adults.
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Resistance Training With Creatine Monohydrate Improves Upper-Body Strength in Patients With Parkinson Disease: A Randomized Trial
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Creatine Supplementation and Upper Limb Strength Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Treatment Strategies for Sarcopenia and Frailty
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Sarcopenia in Nursing Home Residents
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Creatine supplementation and aging musculoskeletal health
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Creatine supplementation improves muscular performance in older women
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Effect of Creatine Supplementation and Resistance-Exercise Training on Muscle Insulin-Like Growth Factor in Young Adults
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A Five-Ingredient Nutritional Supplement and Home-Based Resistance Exercise Improve Lean Mass and Strength in Free-Living Elderly
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Effects of creatine supplementation and exercise training on fitness in men 55–75 yr old
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Randomized Controlled Trial of Dietary Creatine as an Adjunct Therapy to Physical Training in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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Meta-Analysis Examining the Importance of Creatine Ingestion Strategies on Lean Tissue Mass and Strength in Older Adults
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Is the neutrophil the key effector cell in severe asthma?
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A Creatine-Protein-Carbohydrate Supplement Enhances Responses to Resistance Training
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Cachexia and aging: An update based on the fourth international cachexia meeting
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Creatine monohydrate supplementation does not increase muscle strength, lean body mass, or muscle phosphocreatine in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1
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The Top 10 Hot Topics in Aging
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The therapeutic role of creatine in Huntington's disease
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Clinical Use of Creatine in Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Disorders
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Histological assessment of intermediate- and long-term creatine monohydrate supplementation in mice and rats
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Carla Task Force on Sarcopenia: Propositions for clinical trials
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Effects of age on muscle as measured by electrical impedance myography
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Creatine and Creatine Kinase in Health and Disease
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Creatine has no beneficial effect on skeletal muscle energy metabolism in patients with single mitochondrial DNA deletions: a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind <sup>31</sup>P‐MRS crossover study
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Timing of creatine or protein supplementation and resistance training in the elderly
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Resistance training exercise and creatine in patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
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Efficacy of creatine supplementation combined with resistance training on muscle strength and muscle mass in older females: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Effect of creatine supplementation and drop-set resistance training in untrained aging adults
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Mitochondrial DNA shifting in older adults following resistance exercise trainingThis paper article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled 14th International Biochemistry of Exercise Conference – Muscles as Molecular and Metabolic Machines, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process.
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Current Evidence and Possible Future Applications of Creatine Supplementation for Older Adults
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Lifestyle Interventions with a Focus on Nutritional Strategies to Increase Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Heart Failure, Obesity, Sarcopenia, and Frailty
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Creatine supplementation post-exercise does not enhance training-induced adaptations in middle to older aged males
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Comparison of Creatine Supplementation Before Versus After Supervised Resistance Training in Healthy Older Adults
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Sexual dimorphism in skeletal muscle protein turnover
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Periodized resistance training with and without supplementation improve body composition and performance in older men
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Optimizing the Benefits of Exercise on Physical Function in Older Adults
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Influence of age, sex, and type of exercise on the efficacy of creatine supplementation on lean body mass: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
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Can Creatine Supplementation Improve Body Composition and Objective Physical Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients? A Randomized Controlled Trial
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The Additive Effects of Creatine Supplementation and Exercise Training in an Aging Population: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
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Effects of arachidonic acid supplementation on training adaptations in resistance-trained males
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The effects of six weeks of supplementation with multi-ingredient performance supplements and resistance training on anabolic hormones, body composition, strength, and power in resistance-trained men
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Making muscles "stronger": exercise, nutrition, drugs.
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Sarcopenia: current theories and the potential beneficial effect of creatine application strategies
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Creatine as a therapeutic strategy for myopathies
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Creatine monohydrate increases bone mineral density in young Sprague-Dawley rats.
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Dietary protein and exercise training in ageing
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The potential benefits of creatine and conjugated linoleic acid as adjuncts to resistance training in older adults
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Sarcopenia – A Potential Target for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition?
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Creatine supplementation and resistance training in older adults
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Strategic creatine supplementation and resistance training in healthy older adults
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The effects of dietary creatine monohydrate supplementation and resistance training in older men
Lavender, A. P. (2003) · Australasian Journal of Paramedicine
Effects of Creatine Supplementation and Resistance Training on Body Composition and Strength in Older Individuals
Brabham, B., Buford, T. W., Shelmadine, B., Hudson, G. M., McPheeters, M. J., Moreillon, J., Greenwood, M., Kreider, R. B., Willoughby, D. S., & Cooke, M. B. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000384999.80146.27
Creatine supplementation combined with resistance training in older men: body composition, muscular performance, and reported side effects
Chrusch, M. J. (2001) · HARVEST (University of Saskatchewan)

Authors: Brose, A., Parise, G., & Tarnopolsky, M. A.
Affiliations: McMaster University (CA)
ORCID: Parise, G.
Tarnopolsky, M. A.
Venue: The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2003-01-01
Volume: 58
Issue: 1
Pages: B11-B19
ISSN: 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
1758-535X
DOI: 10.1093/gerona/58.1.b11
OpenAlex: W2168090573
Cited by: 274
References: 65
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 4.38
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Hamilton Health Sciences
McMaster University
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords: creatine monohydrate supplementation, resistance training, older adults, isometric strength, fat-free mass, body composition, functional capacity, muscle fiber area, grip strength, quadriceps strength, dextrose placebo
MeSH terms: Age Factors, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Body Composition, Creatine, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Isometric Contraction, Male, Middle Aged, Physical Education and Training, Physical Endurance, Probability, Reference Values, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sex Factors, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fatigue, Dietary Supplements

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Creatine Supplementation Enhances Isometric Strength and Body Composition Improvements Following Strength Exercise Training in Older Adults

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