Cited by 379Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorStress Responses and CortisolAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 406 of the 406 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Sex differences in anxiety and emotional behavior

Open access
Donner, Nina C., Lowry, Christopher A.·2013·Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology

Abstract

Research has elucidated causal links between stress exposure and the development of anxiety disorders, but due to the limited use of female or sex-comparative animal models, little is known about the mechanisms underlying sex differences in those disorders. This is despite an overwhelming wealth of evidence from the clinical literature that the prevalence of anxiety disorders is about twice as high in women compared to men, in addition to gender differences in severity and treatment efficacy. We here review human gender differences in generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety-relevant biological functions, discuss the limitations of classic conflict anxiety tests to measure naturally occurring sex differences in anxiety-like behaviors, describe sex-dependent manifestation of anxiety states after gestational, neonatal, or adolescent stressors, and present animal models of chronic anxiety states induced by acute or chronic stressors during adulthood. Potential mechanisms underlying sex differences in stress-related anxiety states include emerging evidence supporting the existence of two anatomically and functionally distinct serotonergic circuits that are related to the modulation of conflict anxiety and panic-like anxiety, respectively. We discuss how these serotonergic circuits may be controlled by reproductive steroid hormone-dependent modulation of crfr1 and crfr2 expression in the midbrain dorsal raphe nucleus and by estrous stage-dependent alterations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) neurotransmission in the periaqueductal gray, ultimately leading to sex differences in emotional behavior.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s00424-013-1271-7

Cites

406 of 406 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Items 201–400 of 406

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 379

Metadata

Authors
Donner, N. C., & Lowry, C. A.
Affiliations
University of Colorado Boulder (US)
Corresponding author
Donner, Nina C.
Venue
Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology
Published
2013-04-16
Volume
465
Issue
5
Pages
601-626
ISSN
  • 0031-6768 (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-2013
OpenAlex
W2008301991
Cited by
379
References
404
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 3
FWCI
1.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001108)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (F32MH084463, R01MH086539, R01MH065702)
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
sex differences, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, dorsal raphe nucleus, CRF1 receptor, CRF receptor 2, estrous cycle, GABAergic neurotransmission, periaqueductal gray, stress exposure, animal models of anxiety, emotional behavior
MeSH terms
Animals, Anxiety, Female, Humans, Male, Rodentia, Sex Characteristics, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Panic Disorder

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review