Serological detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Ehrlichia canis antibodies and Dirofilaria immitis antigen in a countrywide survey in dogs in Poland
Open accessAbstract
Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) have increasingly become a focus of attention in the past few years. Nevertheless, in many parts of Europe information on their occurrence is still scarce. In a large study in Poland 3,094 serum samples taken from dogs throughout all 16 Polish provinces were tested using a commercial kit for the detection of circulating antibodies against Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Ehrlichia canis and of Dirofilaria immitis antigen. A total of 12.31% (381/3,094; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.18-13.52%) and 3.75% (116/3,094; 95% CI: 3.11-4.48%) of the dogs were positive for A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi s.l. antibodies, respectively. Furthermore, 0.26% (8/3,094; 95% CI: 0.11-0.51%) were positive for E. canis antibodies and 0.16% (5/3,094; 95% CI: 0.05-0.38%) for D. immitis antigen. The highest percentages of A. phagocytophilum-positive dogs were noted in Lesser Poland, Silesia and Łódź Provinces. For B. burgdorferi s.l., the highest prevalence was recorded in Łódź Province. Co-infections with A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi s.l. were recorded in 1.71% of all examined dogs (53/3,094; 95% CI: 1.29-2.23%). One dog even had a triple infection, testing positive for E. canis too. Both A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi s.l. have previously been reported in Poland and were confirmed in the present study by positive samples from all 16 provinces. Concerning E. canis and D. immitis travel history or importation cannot be excluded as factors which may have determined the occurrence of these pathogens in the relevant animals. Practitioners in Poland should be aware of the above mentioned CVBDs and of prophylactic measures to protect dogs and their owners.
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In Poland, the first native case of canine heartworm is published, while a nationwide study reports a prevalence of 0.16%.
“In Poland, the first native case of canine heartworm in the country is published [60], while a nationwide study reports a prevalence of 0.16% in the country [61].”
From What has happened to heartworm disease in Europe in the last 10 years? (2022) · cites this paper as [61]
Results of three epidemiological studies revealed very low or zero prevalence of D. immitis in Poland; in the largest study in 2014, 3094 healthy dogs were tested by rapid diagnostic devices, and only 0.2% (n = 5) tested positive, with no information on clinical signs or origin.
“Results of three epidemiological studies revealed very low or zero prevalence: in the largest study in 2014, 3094 healthy dogs from the area of Poland were tested by rapid diagnostic devices. Only 0.2% of the samples tested positive (n = 5), with no information on clinical signs or origin (imported vs. autochthonous) of dogs”
From Dirofilaria spp. and Angiostrongylus vasorum: current risk of spreading in Central and Northern Europe. (2021) · cites this paper as [153]
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- Authors
- Krämer, F., Schaper, R., Schunack, B., Połozowski, A., Piekarska, J., Szwedko, A., Jodies, R., Kowalska, D., Schüpbach, D., & Pantchev, N.
- Affiliations
- Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
- Elanco Animal Health (Germany) (DE)
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences (PL)
- Paris Public Health (FR)
- IDEXX Laboratories (Germany) (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Schaper, Roland
- Venue
- Parasitology Research
- Published
- 2014-06-29
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3229-3239
- ISSN
- 0044-3255 (ISSN-L)
- 0932-0113
- 1432-1955
- PMC
- PMC4143602
- OpenAlex
- W1987461081
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Parasitology Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Bayer Animal Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Bartonella species infections research
- Keywords
- canine vector-borne diseases, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Ehrlichia canis, Dirofilaria immitis, seroprevalence, co-infection, triple infection, Poland, spatial distribution of infection, tick-borne diseases, heartworm infection, Lyme disease, canine ehrlichiosis, canine anaplasmosis, canine leishmaniasis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial, Antibodies, Helminth, Antigens, Helminth, Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilariasis, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Europe, Lyme Disease, Male, Poland, Prevalence, Ehrlichiosis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Coinfection
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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