Serological and molecular investigation of Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp. in ticks and blood of dogs, in the Thrace Region of Turkey
Abstract
In recent years, tick-borne diseases like ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis became widespread worldwide threatening the health of both human and companion animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the presence of Anaplasma spp., and Ehrlichia spp. in dogs and ticks in the Thrace Region of Turkey. A total of 400 blood samples and 912 ticks were collected from dogs living in shelters that are located in four cities (Istanbul, Edirne, Tekirdag and Kirklareli) of the Thrace Region. Blood and buffy coat smears were prepared for microscopic examination. Hematologic and serologic analyses were performed using cell counter and commercial Snap3Dx test kit, respectively. Eight hundred fifty of collected ticks were classified as Rhipicephalus sanguineus, 33 as Rhipicephalus turanicus and 29 as Ixodes ricinus. After DNA extraction from blood samples and pooled ticks (127 tick pools, in total), nested PCR was performed to detect the DNA of Anaplasma spp., and Ehrlichia spp. The seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis was 27.25% (109) by Snap3Dx test and the total molecular positivity was 11.75% (47) in dog blood samples and 21.25% (27) in tick pools by nested PCR. The frequencies of the infected blood samples with E. canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma platys were detected as 6%, 4% and 6%, respectively. E. canis and A. platys were detected in R. sanguineus pools with a ratio of 15.75% and 0.7%, respectively. In addition, A. platys was also detected in R. turanicus pools (0.7%). A. phagocytophilum was found only in I. ricinus pools (3.93%). Morulae of three species were detected in buffy coat and blood smears. While anemia was observed in dogs infected with E. canis and co-infected (with one or more species), thrombocytopenia was observed only in co-infected dogs. This is the first study providing evidence for the presence of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. in dogs and ticks in the Thrace Region of Turkey. Based on the results of the tests used in this study, we recommend the combined use of serologic, molecular, cytologic, hematologic analyses and physical examination of tick exposure for an accurate diagnosis of ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis.
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In the Thrace Region of Turkey, serologic and molecular assays determined D. immitis prevalence of 6.7 and 2.7%, respectively, and in different western Turkish cities an overall prevalence of 2.28% was reported.
“In the Thrace Region of Turkey, the serologic and molecular assays determined a prevalence of D. immitis of 6.7 and 2.7%, respectively [99]. Finally, in different cities in the western country, such us İzmir, Aydin, Denizli, Mugla, and Manisa, an overall prevalence of 2.28% was reported [100].”
From What has happened to heartworm disease in Europe in the last 10 years? (2022) · cites this paper as [100]
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What has happened to heartworm disease in Europe in the last 10 years?
Morchón, R., Montoya-Alonso, J. A., Rodríguez-Escolar, I., & Carretón, E. (2022) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens11091042 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Vector-Borne Pathogens in Stray Dogs in Northeastern Turkey
Guven, E., Avcioglu, H., Cengiz, S., & Hayirli, A. (2017) · Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases · doi:10.1089/vbz.2017.2128 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Athanasiou, L. V., Kontos, V. I., Kritsepi Konstantinou, M., Polizopoulou, Z. S., Rousou, X. A., & Christodoulopoulos, G. (2019) · Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases · doi:10.1089/vbz.2019.2471 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Çetinkaya, H., Matur, E., Akyazi, İ., Ekiz, E. E., Aydin, L., & Toparlak, M.
- Affiliations
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa (TR)
- Corresponding author
- Çetinkaya, Handan
- Venue
- Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-07
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 706-714
- ISSN
- 1877-959X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2292489791
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 7.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bursa Uludag University - AVESIS (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Istanbul University (625/28062007)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Keywords
- Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma platys, canine ehrlichiosis, canine anaplasmosis, tick-borne diseases, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Ixodes ricinus, seroprevalence, co-infection, thrombocytopenia, anemia, dogs, ticks, buffy coat smear
- MeSH terms
- Anaplasma, Anaplasmosis, Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial, Blood, Cities, DNA, Bacterial, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Ehrlichia, Immunoassay, Ticks, Turkey, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Ehrlichiosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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