Cited by 560Redox biology and oxidative stressNitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsNeutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms

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Peroxynitrite reactivity with amino acids and proteins

Alvarez, B., Radi, R.·2003·Amino Acids

DOI 10.1007/s00726-003-0018-8

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Abstract

Peroxynitrite, the product of the fast reaction between nitric oxide ((*)NO) and superoxide O(2)(*-) radicals, is an oxidizing and nitrating agent which is able to traverse biological membranes. The reaction of peroxynitrite with proteins occurs through three possible pathways. First, peroxynitrite reacts directly with cysteine, methionine and tryptophan residues. Second, peroxynitrite reacts fast with transition metal centers and selenium-containing amino acids. Third, secondary free radicals arising from peroxynitrite homolysis such as hydroxyl and nitrogen dioxide, and the carbonate radical formed in the presence of carbon dioxide, react with protein moieties too. Nitration of tyrosine residues is being recognized as a marker of the contribution of nitric oxide to oxidative damage. Peroxynitrite-dependent tyrosine nitration is likely to occur through the initial reaction of peroxynitrite with carbon dioxide or metal centers leading to secondary nitrating species. The preferential protein targets of peroxynitrite and the role of proteins in peroxynitrite detoxifying pathways are discussed.

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Authors: Alvarez, B., & Radi, R.
Venue: Amino Acids
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2003-09-26
Volume: 25
Issue: 3-4
Pages: 295-311
ISSN: 0939-4451 (ISSN-L)
1438-2199
DOI: 10.1007/s00726-003-0018-8
OpenAlex: W2141352921
Cited by: 560
References: 147
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 7.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Amino Acids (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
Keywords: peroxynitrite, nitric oxide, superoxide, protein oxidation, protein nitration, tyrosine nitration, cysteine, methionine, tryptophan, transition metal centers, selenium-containing amino acids, hydroxyl radicals, nitrogen dioxide, carbonate radical, oxidative damage
MeSH terms: Amino Acids, Animals, Antioxidants, Cytosol, Free Radicals, Humans, Models, Chemical, Nitric Oxide, Oxidation-Reduction, Proteins, Superoxides, Molecular Structure, Peroxynitrous Acid

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Peroxynitrite reactivity with amino acids and proteins

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