Formation of reactive nitrogen species during peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of nitrite
Open accessAbstract
Involvement of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in inflammatory diseases has been implicated by detection of 3-nitrotyrosine, an allegedly characteristic protein oxidation product, in various inflamed tissues. We show here that nitrite (NO2-), the primary metabolic end product of nitric oxide (NO.), can be oxidized by the heme peroxidases horseradish peroxidase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and lactoperoxidase (LPO), in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), to most likely form NO.2, which can also contribute to tyrosine nitration during inflammatory processes. Phenolic nitration by MPO-catalyzed NO2- oxidation is only partially inhibited by chloride (Cl-), the presumed major physiological substrate for MPO. In fact, low concentrations of NO2- (2-10 microM) catalyze MPO-mediated oxidation of Cl-, indicated by increased chlorination of monochlorodimedon or 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, most likely via reduction of MPO compound II. Peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of NO2-, as indicated by phenolic nitration, was also observed in the presence of thiocyanate (SCN-), an alternative physiological substrate for mammalian peroxidases. Collectively, our results suggest that NO2-, at physiological or pathological levels, is a substrate for the mammalian peroxidases MPO and lactoperoxidase and that formation of NO2. via peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of NO2- may provide an additional pathway contributing to cytotoxicity or host defense associated with increased NO. production.
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Generation of nitrogen dioxide and subsequent protein nitration from nitrite oxidation by peroxidases and other heme proteins was appreciated many years before the biologic potential for nitrite reduction to NO was realized.
“Generation of nitrogen dioxide and subsequent protein nitration from nitrite oxidation by peroxidases such as myeloperoxidase[108], eosinophil peroxidase [109] and also other heme proteins such as cytochrome c [110], hemoglobin [111, 112] and myoglobin [112, 113] was appreciated many years before the biologic potential for nitrite-reduction to NO was realized.”
From Current perspectives and challenges in understanding the role of nitrite as an integral player in nitric oxide biology and therapy (2011) · cites this paper as [108]
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- Authors
- van der Vliet, A., Eiserich, J. P., Halliwell, B., & Cross, C. E.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- University of London (GB)
- ORCID
- Halliwell, Barry
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-03
- Volume
- 272
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 7617-7625
- ISSN
- 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2032092394
- Cited by
- 780
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 20.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hl047628-06)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 47628)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- nitrite oxidation, peroxynitrite, reactive nitrogen species, myeloperoxidase, lactoperoxidase, horseradish peroxidase, heme peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide, nitrotyrosine, tyrosine nitration, compound II, thiocyanate, chloride, inflammatory diseases, nitric oxide
- MeSH terms
- Catalysis, Free Radicals, Peroxidase, Nitrates, Nitric Oxide, Nitrites, Oxidation-Reduction
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