Nitrogen dioxide and carbonate radical anion: two emerging radicals in biology

Augusto, Ohara; Bonini, Marcelo G.; Amanso, Angélica M.; Linares, Edlaine; Santos, Célio C.X.; De Menezes, Sı́lvia L.

doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(02)00786-4

Cited by 555Nitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsRedox biology and oxidative stressAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress

Nitrogen dioxide and carbonate radical anion: two emerging radicals in biology

Augusto, Ohara, Bonini, Marcelo G., Amanso, Angélica M., Linares, Edlaine, Santos, Célio C.X., De Menezes, Sı́lvia L.·2002·Free Radical Biology and Medicine

DOI 10.1016/s0891-5849(02)00786-4

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Abstract

Nitrogen dioxide and carbonate radical anion have received sporadic attention thus far from biological investigators. However, accumulating data on the biochemical reactions of nitric oxide and its derived oxidants suggest that these radicals may play a role in various pathophysiological processes. These potential roles are also indicated by recent studies on the high efficiency of urate and nitroxides in protecting cells and whole animals against the injury associated with conditions of excessive nitric oxide production. The high protective effects of these antioxidants are incompletely defined at the mechanistic level but some of them can be explained by their efficiency in scavenging peroxynitrite-derived radicals, particularly nitrogen dioxide and carbonate radical anion. In this review, we provide a framework for this hypothesis and discuss the potential sources and properties of these radicals that are likely to become increasingly recognized as important mediators of biological processes.

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Other formation routes of NO2· include the reactions of nitrite with oxygenated Hb and peroxynitrite decomposition.
“Other formation routes include the reactions of nitrite with oxygenated Hb (501) and peroxynitrite decomposition (46).”
From Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [46]
Several examples of biological oxidations mediated by the bicarbonate anion, in particular through interactions with peroxynitrite, have been reported.
“Several examples of biological oxidations mediated by the bicarbonate anion, in particular through interactions with peroxynitrite, have been reported in the literature [e.g., (46, 635, 918, 1056)].”
From Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [46]

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Nitrogen dioxide radical generated by the myeloperoxidase‐hydrogen peroxide‐nitrite system promotes lipid peroxidation of low density lipoprotein
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Peroxynitrous Acid Homolyzes into •OH and •NO2 Radicals
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Temperature dependence of the rate constants for reactions of the carbonate radical with organic and inorganic reductants
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Effects of tempol, a membrane-permeable radical scavenger, in a rodent model of carrageenan-induced pleurisy
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Electron spin resonance studies of inorganic radicals in irradiated aqueous solutions. II. Radical trapping with nitromethane
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Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite in Health and Disease
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13 reasons why the brain is susceptible to oxidative stress
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Chemical biology of peroxynitrite: Kinetics, diffusion, and radicals
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Peroxynitrite reactivity with amino acids and proteins
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Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation
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Small molecule signaling agents: the integrated chemistry and biochemistry of nitrogen oxides, oxides of carbon, dioxygen, hydrogen sulfide, and their derived species
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Biochemical basis and metabolic interplay of redox regulation
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The carbonate radical and related oxidants derived from bicarbonate buffer
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Authors: Augusto, O., Bonini, M. G., Amanso, A. M., Linares, E., Santos, C. C. X., & De Menezes, S. L.
Affiliations: Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
ORCID: Bonini, Marcelo G.
Linares, Edlaine
Venue: Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-05
Volume: 32
Issue: 9
Pages: 841-859
ISSN: 0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(02)00786-4
OpenAlex: W1972989329
Cited by: 555
References: 177
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 39
FWCI: 2.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Keywords: nitrogen dioxide, carbonate radical anion, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, uric acid, nitroxide radicals, antioxidant defense, free radical scavenging, pathophysiology
MeSH terms: Carbonates, Free Radicals, Nitrogen Dioxide, Oxidation-Reduction, Tyrosine, Reactive Oxygen Species, Peroxynitrous Acid

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Nitrogen dioxide and carbonate radical anion: two emerging radicals in biology

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