Comparative Biogeochemical Cycles of Bioenergy Crops Reveal Nitrogen-Fixation and Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a Miscanthus × giganteus Agro-Ecosystem
Abstract
We evaluated the biogeochemical cycling and relative greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potential of proposed biofuel feedstock crops by modeling growth dynamics of Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deuter (miscanthus), Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass), Zea mays L. (corn), and a mixed prairie community under identical field conditions. DAYCENT model simulations for miscanthus were parameterized with data from trial plots in Europe and Illinois, USA. Switchgrass, corn, and prairie ecosystems were simulated using parameters published in the literature. A previously unknown source of nitrogen (N) was necessary to balance the plant nutrient budget in miscanthus crops, leading us to hypothesize that miscanthus growth depends on N-fixation. We tested for nitrogenase activity by acetylene reduction of whole rhizomes and bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere and miscanthus tissue. Our results supported the hypothesis that biological N-fixation contributed to the N demand of miscanthus, a highly productive perennial grass. Corn agro-ecosystems emit 956 to 1899 g CO₂eq m⁻²y⁻¹ greater GHGs (including CO₂, N₂O, CH₄) to the atmosphere than the other biofuel crop alternatives because of greater N₂O emissions from fertilizer additions. Of the feedstock crops evaluated in this study, miscanthus would result in the greatest GHG reduction.
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Consistent soil N observations after repeated biomass harvesting indicate efficient nutrient cycling and the potential contribution of biological N fixation that was observed in prior studies.
“Consistent soil N observations after repeated biomass harvesting indicate efficient nutrient cycling and the potential contribution of biological N fixation that was observed in prior studies (Davis et al., 2010; Eckert et al., 2001).”
From Decadal change in soil carbon and nitrogen with a <i>Miscanthus</i> × <i>giganteus</i> crop on abandoned agricultural land in southeast Ohio (2024) · cites this paper as Davis et al., 2010
Davis et al. (2010) provided the first evidence of N-fixation in field-grown rhizomes to support the concept that miscanthus depends on N-fixation to satisfy its yearly N need and also predicted that miscanthus N-fixation rates may vary greatly.
“Davis et al. (2010) provided the first evidence of N- fixation in field- grown rhizomes to support the concept that miscanthus depends on N- fixation to satisfy its yearly N need and also predicted that miscanthus N- fixation rates may vary greatly.”
From Decadal change in soil carbon and nitrogen with a <i>Miscanthus</i> × <i>giganteus</i> crop on abandoned agricultural land in southeast Ohio (2024) · cites this paper as Davis et al., 2010
Conversion from annual cropland to a perennial crop such as miscanthus is expected to increase C sequestration due to greater belowground allocation of C compared to annual crops.
“Conversion from annual cropland to a perennial crop such as miscanthus is expected to increase C sequestration due to greater belowground allocation of C compared to annual crops (Anderson- Teixeira et al., 2009; Davis etal.,2010).”
From Decadal change in soil carbon and nitrogen with a <i>Miscanthus</i> × <i>giganteus</i> crop on abandoned agricultural land in southeast Ohio (2024) · cites this paper as Davis et al., 2010
Both herbaceous crops/grasses and short-rotation woody crops can potentially deliver up to 40-50% of the carbon they capture from the atmosphere to the soil as litter and belowground biomass, with inputs varying from less than 1 to more than 4 Mg C ha−1 year−1.
“Both HCG and SRWC can potentially deliver up to 40–50 % of the C they capture from the atmosphere to the soil as litter and BGB, which can vary from <1 to >4 Mg C ha−1 year−1 [59–61].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [59]
Very little CO2 is emitted from Miscanthus stands of different ages.
“typically very little CO2 is emitted from Miscanthus stands of different ages [59].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [59]
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“…such as black locust (Danso et al., 1995; Marron et al., 2018), but it has recently been confirmed to also occur in miscanthus (Cadoux et al., 2012; Davis et al., 2010; Eckert et al., 2001; Jørgensen, 2011; Miyamoto et al., 2004; Smith & Slater, 2010), switchgrass (Bahulikar et al., 2014; Kämpfer…”
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“Conversion from annual cropland to a perennial crop such as miscanthus is expected to increase C sequestration due to greater belowground allocation of C compared to annual crops (Anderson-Teixeira et al., 2009; Davis et al., 2010).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citation
- Authors
- Davis, S. C., Parton, W. J., Dohleman, F. G., Smith, C. M., Grosso, S. D., Kent, A. D., & DeLucia, E. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Colorado State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- DeLucia, Evan H.
- Venue
- Ecosystems
- Published
- 2009-12-22
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 144-156
- ISSN
- 1432-9840 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-0629
- OpenAlex
- W2164803426
- Cited by
- 232
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 34.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Ecosystems (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Energy Biosciences Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Bioenergy crop production and management
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
- Keywords
- Miscanthus × giganteus, switchgrass, maize, prairie, energy crops, biogeochemical cycles, nitrogen fixation, greenhouse gas emissions, nitrous oxide emissions, methane emissions, CO2 emissions, nitrogenase activity, rhizosphere bacteria, DayCent model, biofuel feedstock, nitrogen balance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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