Altered Belowground Carbon Cycling Following Land-Use Change to Perennial Bioenergy Crops
Abstract
Belowground carbon (C) dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems play an important role in the global C cycle and thereby in climate regulation. Globally, land-use change is a major driver of changes in belowground C storage. The emerging bioenergy industry is likely to drive widespread land-use changes, including the replacement of annually tilled croplands with perennial bioenergy crops, and thereby to impact the climate system through alteration of belowground C dynamics. Mechanistic understanding of how land-use changes impact belowground C storage requires elucidation of changes in belowground C flows; however, altered belowground C dynamics following land-use change have yet to be thoroughly quantified through field measurements. Here, we show that belowground C cycling pathways of establishing perennial bioenergy crops (0- to 3.5-year-old miscanthus, switchgrass, and a native prairie mix) were substantially altered relative to row crop agriculture (corn-soy rotation); specifically, there were substantial increases in belowground C allocation (>400%), belowground biomass (400–750%), root-associated respiration (up to 2,500%), moderate reductions in litter inputs (20–40%), and respiration in root-free soil (up to 50%). This more active root-associated C cycling of perennial vegetation provides a mechanism for observed net C sequestration by these perennial ecosystems, as well as commonly observed increases in soil C under perennial bioenergy crops throughout the world. The more active root-associated belowground C cycle of perennial vegetation implies a climate benefit of grassland maintenance or restoration, even if biomass is harvested annually for bioenergy production.
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Some papers cover other greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and/or methane.
“Some papers cover other GHGs, like CO2 and/or methane [48, 49, 53–55, 57].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [57]
Carbon inputs from Miscanthus rhizomes (1.01 to 2.66 Mg C ha−1 year−1) were generally greater than those from roots (0.19-0.86 Mg C ha−1 year−1).
“The C inputs from Miscanthus rhizomes (1.01 to 2.66 Mg C ha−1 year−1) were generally greater [57, 61, 66, 80, 85] than those from roots (0.19–0.86 Mg C ha−1 year−1, Table 1).”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [57]
Belowground biomass is concentrated in the upper part of the profile; despite large amounts of roots under M. giganteus observed down to 1 to 1.8 m, more than 50% were in the top 30 cm.
“BGB is concentrated in the upper part of the profile [61]; in spite of large amounts of roots under M. giganteus observed down to 1 to 1.8 m [57, 61, 66, 80, 84], more than 50 % were in the top 30 cm.”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [57]
For belowground biomass, inputs from herbaceous crop roots and rhizomes needed to be separated, which was not always done.
“For the BGB, inputs from HCG roots and rhizomes needed to be separated, which was not always done [45, 57, 86, 106].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [57]
The carbon effectively sequestered under Miscanthus (percentage retention) ranges between 21% and about 70% of the gross carbon inputs.
“The C effectively sequestered under Miscanthus (% retention) ranges between 21 % [19] and ∼70 % [57] of the gross C inputs.”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [57]
Under switchgrass, a large number of studies showed sequestration rates that were similar but higher on average.
“Under switchgrass, a large number of studies [8, 9, 47, 57, 75, 77, 137, 138] showed sequestration rates, which were similar (Table 3) but higher on average (Fig. 4).”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [57]
Conversion from arable to Miscanthus or switchgrass confirms higher CO2 emissions under grassland such as prairie.
“Conversion from arable to Miscanthus or switchgrass confirms higher CO2 emissions under grassland (e.g. prairie) [57] reflecting its higher biological activity which eventually increased SOC stocks.”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [57]
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- Authors
- Anderson-Teixeira, K. J., Masters, M. D., Black, C. K., Zeri, M., Hussain, M. Z., Bernacchi, C. J., & DeLucia, E. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- DeLucia, Evan H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Ecosystems
- Published
- 2013-01-05
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 508-520
- ISSN
- 1432-9840 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-0629
- OpenAlex
- W2024228913
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 25.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Ecosystems (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Bioenergy crop production and management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Keywords
- belowground carbon cycling, land use change, perennial energy crops, Miscanthus, switchgrass, native prairie, belowground carbon allocation, belowground biomass, litter input, soil respiration, carbon sequestration, grassland restoration, climate change mitigation
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